[unix-history] / usr.bin / paste / paste.1

.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
.\" Adam S. Moskowitz and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
.\" Engineers, Inc.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	@(#)paste.1	5.6 (Berkeley) 7/27/91
.\"
.Dd July 27, 1991
.Dt PASTE 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm paste
.Nd merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm paste
.Op Fl s
.Op Fl d Ar list
.Ar file ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm paste
utility concatenates the corresponding lines of the given input files,
replacing all but the last file's newline characters with a single tab
character, and writes the resulting lines to standard output.
If end-of-file is reached on an input file while other input files
still contain data, the file is treated as if it were an endless source
of empty lines.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Fl
.It Fl d  Ar list 
Use one or more of the provided characters to replace the newline
characters instead of the default tab.
The characters in
.Ar list
are used circularly, i.e., when
.Ar list
is exhausted the first character from
.Ar list
is reused.
This continues until a line from the last input file (in default operation)
or the last line in each file (using the -s option) is displayed, at which
time
.Nm paste
begins selecting characters from the beginning of
.Ar list
again.
.Pp
The following special characters can also be used in list:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width flag -compact
.It Li \en
newline character
.It Li \et
tab character
.It Li \e\e
backslash character
.It Li \e0
Empty string (not a null character).
.El
.Pp
Any other character preceded by a backslash is equivalent to the
character itself.
.It Fl s
Concatenate all of the lines of each separate input file in command line
order.
The newline character of every line except the last line in each input
file is replaced with the tab character, unless otherwise specified by
the -d option.
.El
.Pp
If
.Ql Fl
is specified for one or more of the input files, the standard
input is used; standard input is read one line at a time, circularly,
for each instance of
.Ql Fl .
.Pp
The
.Nm paste
utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cut 1
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm paste
utility is expected to be
.St -p1003.2
compatible.
Commit	Line	Data
15637ed4 RG	1	.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
	2	.\" All rights reserved.
	3	.\"
	4	.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
	5	.\" Adam S. Moskowitz and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
	6	.\" Engineers, Inc.
	7	.\"
	8	.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	9	.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
	10	.\" are met:
	11	.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	12	.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	13	.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
	14	.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
	15	.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
	16	.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
	17	.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
	18	.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
	19	.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
	20	.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
	21	.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
	22	.\" without specific prior written permission.
	23	.\"
	24	.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
	25	.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
	26	.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
	27	.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
	28	.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
	29	.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
	30	.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
	31	.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
	32	.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
	33	.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
	34	.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
	35	.\"
	36	.\" @(#)paste.1 5.6 (Berkeley) 7/27/91
	37	.\"
	38	.Dd July 27, 1991
	39	.Dt PASTE 1
	40	.Os
	41	.Sh NAME
	42	.Nm paste
	43	.Nd merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files
	44	.Sh SYNOPSIS
	45	.Nm paste
	46	.Op Fl s
	47	.Op Fl d Ar list
	48	.Ar file ...
	49	.Sh DESCRIPTION
	50	The
	51	.Nm paste
	52	utility concatenates the corresponding lines of the given input files,
	53	replacing all but the last file's newline characters with a single tab
	54	character, and writes the resulting lines to standard output.
	55	If end-of-file is reached on an input file while other input files
	56	still contain data, the file is treated as if it were an endless source
	57	of empty lines.
	58	.Pp
	59	The options are as follows:
	60	.Bl -tag -width Fl
	61	.It Fl d Ar list
	62	Use one or more of the provided characters to replace the newline
	63	characters instead of the default tab.
	64	The characters in
65	.Ar list
66	are used circularly, i.e., when
67	.Ar list
68	is exhausted the first character from
69	.Ar list
70	is reused.
71	This continues until a line from the last input file (in default operation)
72	or the last line in each file (using the -s option) is displayed, at which
73	time
74	.Nm paste
75	begins selecting characters from the beginning of
76	.Ar list
77	again.
78	.Pp
79	The following special characters can also be used in list:
80	.Pp
81	.Bl -tag -width flag -compact
82	.It Li \en
83	newline character
84	.It Li \et
85	tab character
86	.It Li \e\e
87	backslash character
88	.It Li \e0
89	Empty string (not a null character).
90	.El
91	.Pp
92	Any other character preceded by a backslash is equivalent to the
93	character itself.
94	.It Fl s
95	Concatenate all of the lines of each separate input file in command line
96	order.
97	The newline character of every line except the last line in each input
98	file is replaced with the tab character, unless otherwise specified by
99	the -d option.
100	.El
101	.Pp
102	If
103	.Ql Fl
104	is specified for one or more of the input files, the standard
105	input is used; standard input is read one line at a time, circularly,
106	for each instance of
107	.Ql Fl .
108	.Pp
109	The
110	.Nm paste
111	utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
112	.Sh SEE ALSO
113	.Xr cut 1
114	.Sh STANDARDS
115	The
116	.Nm paste
117	utility is expected to be
118	.St -p1003.2
119	compatible.