Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
fc6dac68 TL |
1 | .pn8 |
2 | .tr | | |
3 | .tr ~| | |
4 | .rm mx | |
5 | .br | |
6 | .ce | |
7 | .ftB | |
8 | .ps+2 | |
9 | .rs | |
10 | .sp1.0i | |
11 | REFERENCE MANUAL | |
12 | .ftR | |
13 | .ps-2 | |
14 | .sp | |
15 | .mh | |
16 | General Explanation | |
17 | .sc | |
18 | Form of input. | |
19 | Input consists of \fItext lines\fR, which are destined to be printed, | |
20 | interspersed with \fIcontrol lines\fR, | |
21 | which set parameters or otherwise control subsequent processing. | |
22 | Control lines begin with a \fIcontrol character\fR\(em\ | |
23 | normally \fB.\fR (period) or \fB\'\fR (acute accent)\(em\ | |
24 | followed by a one or two character name that specifies | |
25 | a basic \fIrequest\fR or the substitution of | |
26 | a user-defined \fImacro\fR in place of the control line. | |
27 | The control character \fB\'\fR suppresses the \fIbreak\fR function\(em\ | |
28 | the forced output of a partially filled line\(em\ | |
29 | caused by certain requests. | |
30 | The control character may be separated from the request/macro name by | |
31 | white space (spaces and/or tabs) for esthetic reasons. | |
32 | Names must be followed by either | |
33 | space or newline. | |
34 | Control lines with unrecognized names are ignored. | |
35 | .pg | |
36 | Various special functions may be introduced anywhere in the input by | |
37 | means of an \fIescape\fR character, normally \fB\e\fR. | |
38 | For example, the function | |
39 | \fB\en\fIR\fR | |
40 | causes the interpolation of the contents of the | |
41 | \fInumber register R\fR | |
42 | in place of the function; | |
43 | here \fIR\fR is either a single character name | |
44 | as in \fB\en\fIx\fR, | |
45 | or left-parenthesis-introduced, two-character name as in \fB\en(\fIxx\fR. | |
46 | .sc | |
47 | Formatter and device resolution. | |
48 | \*(TR internally uses 432 units\(slinch, corresponding to | |
49 | the Graphic Systems phototypesetter | |
50 | which has a horizontal resolution of | |
51 | 1\(sl432 inch and a vertical resolution | |
52 | of 1\(sl144 inch. | |
53 | \*(NR internally uses 240 units\(slinch, | |
54 | corresponding to the least common multiple of the | |
55 | horizontal and vertical resolutions of various | |
56 | typewriter-like output devices. | |
57 | \*(TR rounds horizontal\(slvertical numerical parameter input to the actual | |
58 | horizontal\(slvertical resolution of the Graphic Systems typesetter. | |
59 | \*(NR similarly rounds numerical input to the actual resolution | |
60 | of the output device indicated by the \fB\(miT\fR option | |
61 | (default Model 37 Teletype). | |
62 | .sc | |
63 | Numerical parameter input. | |
64 | Both \*(NR and \*(TR | |
65 | accept numerical input with the appended scale | |
66 | indicators | |
67 | shown in the following table, | |
68 | where | |
69 | \fIS\fR is the current type size in points, | |
70 | \fIV\fR is the current vertical line spacing in | |
71 | basic units, | |
72 | and | |
73 | \fIC\fR is a \fInominal character width\fR in basic units. | |
74 | .TS | |
75 | center box; | |
76 | c|c|ls | |
77 | c|c|ll | |
78 | c|l|l|l. | |
79 | Scale Number of basic units | |
80 | Indicator Meaning \*(TR \*(NR | |
81 | _ | |
82 | \fBi\fR Inch 432 240 | |
83 | \fBc\fR Centimeter 432\(mu50\(sl127 240\(mu50\(sl127 | |
84 | \fBP\fR Pica = 1\(sl6 inch 72 240\(sl6 | |
85 | \fBm\fR Em = \fIS\fR points 6\(mu\fIS\fR \fIC\fR | |
86 | \fBn\fR En = Em\(sl2 3\(mu\fIS\fR \fIC, same as Em\fR | |
87 | \fBp\fR Point = 1\(sl72 inch 6 240\(sl72 | |
88 | \fBu\fR Basic unit 1 1 | |
89 | \fBv\fR Vertical line space \fIV\fR \fIV\fR | |
90 | none Default, see below | |
91 | .TE | |
92 | In \*(NR, \fIboth\fR the em and the en are taken to be equal to the \fIC\fR, | |
93 | which is output-device dependent; | |
94 | common values are 1\(sl10 and 1\(sl12 inch. | |
95 | Actual character widths in \*(NR need not be all the same and constructed characters | |
96 | such as \(mi> (\(->) are often extra wide. | |
97 | The default scaling is ems for the horizontally-oriented requests | |
98 | and functions | |
99 | \fBll\fR, | |
100 | \fBin\fR, | |
101 | \fBti\fR, | |
102 | \fBta\fR, | |
103 | \fBlt\fR, | |
104 | \fBpo\fR, | |
105 | \fBmc\fR, | |
106 | \fB\eh\fR, | |
107 | and | |
108 | \fB\el\fR; | |
109 | \fIV\^\fRs | |
110 | for the vertically-oriented requests and functions | |
111 | \fBpl\fR, | |
112 | \fBwh\fR, | |
113 | \fBch\fR, | |
114 | \fBdt\fR, | |
115 | \fBsp\fR, | |
116 | \fBsv\fR, | |
117 | \fBne\fR, | |
118 | \fBrt\fR, | |
119 | \fB\ev\fR, | |
120 | \fB\ex\fR, | |
121 | and | |
122 | \fB\eL\fR; | |
123 | \fBp\fR for the \fBvs\fR request; | |
124 | and \fBu\fR for the requests | |
125 | \fBnr\fR, | |
126 | \fBif\fR, | |
127 | and | |
128 | \fBie\fR. | |
129 | \fIAll\fR other requests ignore any scale indicators. | |
130 | When a number register containing an already appropriately scaled number | |
131 | is interpolated to provide numerical input, | |
132 | the unit scale indicator | |
133 | \fBu\fR may need to be appended to prevent | |
134 | an additional inappropriate default scaling. | |
135 | The number, \fIN\fR, may be specified in decimal-fraction form | |
136 | but the parameter finally stored is rounded to an integer number of basic units. | |
137 | .pg | |
138 | The \fIabsolute position\fR indicator \fB~\fR may be prepended | |
139 | to a number \fIN\fR | |
140 | to generate the distance to the vertical or horizontal place \fIN\fR. | |
141 | For vertically-oriented requests and functions, \fB~\|\fIN\fR | |
142 | becomes the distance in basic units from the current vertical place on the page or in a \fIdiversion\fR (\(sc7.4) | |
143 | to the the vertical place \fIN\fR. | |
144 | For \fIall\fR other requests and functions, | |
145 | \fB~\|\fIN\fR | |
146 | becomes the distance from | |
147 | the current horizontal place on the \fIinput\fR line to the horizontal place \fIN\fR. | |
148 | For example, | |
149 | .x1 | |
150 | \&\fB.sp ~\|3.2c\fR | |
151 | .x2 | |
152 | will space \fIin the required direction\fR to 3.2\|centimeters from the top of the page. | |
153 | .sc | |
154 | .tr && | |
155 | Numerical expressions. | |
156 | Wherever numerical input is expected an expression involving parentheses, | |
157 | the arithmetic operators \fB\(pl\fR, \fB\(mi\fR, \fB\(sl\fR, \fB\(**\fR, \fB%\fR (mod), | |
158 | and the logical operators | |
159 | \fB<\fR, | |
160 | \fB>\fR, | |
161 | \fB<\(eq\fR, | |
162 | \fB>\(eq\fR, | |
163 | \fB\(eq\fR (or \fB\(eq\(eq\fR), | |
164 | \fB&\fR\ (and), | |
165 | \fB:\fR\ (or) | |
166 | may be used. | |
167 | Except where controlled by parentheses, evaluation of expressions is left-to-right; | |
168 | there is no operator precedence. | |
169 | In the case of certain requests, an initial \fB\(pl\fR or \fB\(mi\fR is stripped | |
170 | and interpreted as an increment or decrement indicator respectively. | |
171 | In the presence of default scaling, the desired scale indicator must be | |
172 | attached to \fIevery\fR number in an expression | |
173 | for which the desired and default scaling differ. | |
174 | For example, | |
175 | if the number register \fBx\fR contains 2 | |
176 | and the current point size is 10, | |
177 | then | |
178 | .br | |
179 | .tr &. | |
180 | .x1 | |
181 | .ftB | |
182 | \&.ll (4.25i\(pl\enxP\(pl3)\(sl2u | |
183 | .ftR | |
184 | .x2 | |
185 | will set the line length to 1\(sl2 the sum of 4.25 inches \(pl 2 picas \(pl 30 points. | |
186 | .sc | |
187 | Notation. | |
188 | Numerical parameters are indicated in this manual in two ways. | |
189 | \(+-\fIN\fR means that the argument may take the forms \fIN\fR, \(pl\fIN\fR, or \(mi\fIN\fR and | |
190 | that the corresponding effect is to set the affected parameter | |
191 | to \fIN\fR, to increment it by \fIN\fR, or to decrement it by \fIN\fR respectively. | |
192 | Plain \fIN\fR means that an initial algebraic sign is \fInot\fR | |
193 | an increment indicator, | |
194 | but merely the sign of \fIN\fR. | |
195 | Generally, unreasonable numerical input is either ignored | |
196 | or truncated to a reasonable value. | |
197 | For example, | |
198 | most requests expect to set parameters to non-negative | |
199 | values; | |
200 | exceptions are | |
201 | \fBsp\fR, | |
202 | \fBwh\fR, | |
203 | \fBch\fR, | |
204 | \fBnr\fR, | |
205 | and | |
206 | \fBif\fR. | |
207 | The requests | |
208 | \fBps\fR, | |
209 | \fBft\fR, | |
210 | \fBpo\fR, | |
211 | \fBvs\fR, | |
212 | \fBls\fR, | |
213 | \fBll\fR, | |
214 | \fBin\fR, | |
215 | and | |
216 | \fBlt\fR | |
217 | restore the \fIprevious\fR parameter value in the \fIabsence\fR | |
218 | of an argument. | |
219 | .pg | |
220 | Single character arguments are indicated by single lower case letters | |
221 | and | |
222 | one/two character arguments are indicated by a pair of lower case letters. | |
223 | Character string arguments are indicated by multi-character mnemonics. | |
224 | .mh | |
225 | Font and Character Size Control | |
226 | .sc | |
227 | Character set. | |
228 | The \*(TR character set consists of the Graphics Systems Commercial|II | |
229 | character set plus a Special Mathematical Font character | |
230 | set\(emeach having 102 characters. | |
231 | These character sets are shown in the attached Table|I. | |
232 | All \s-1ASCII\s+1 characters are included, | |
233 | with some on the Special Font. | |
234 | With three exceptions, the \s-1ASCII\s+1 characters are input as themselves, | |
235 | and non-\s-1ASCII\s+1 characters are input in the form \fB\e(\fIxx\fR where | |
236 | \fIxx\fR is a two-character name given in the attached Table|II. | |
237 | The three \s-1ASCII\s+1 exceptions are mapped as follows: | |
238 | .TS | |
239 | center box; | |
240 | cs|cs | |
241 | cc|cc | |
242 | cl|cl. | |
243 | \s-1ASCII\s+1 Input Printed by \*(TR | |
244 | Character Name Character Name | |
245 | _ | |
246 | \' acute accent ' close quote | |
247 | \` grave accent ` open quote | |
248 | \(mi minus - hyphen | |
249 | .TE | |
250 | .tr ~~ | |
251 | The characters | |
252 | \fB\'\fR, | |
253 | \fB\`\fR, | |
254 | and | |
255 | \fB\-\fR | |
256 | may be input | |
257 | by \fB\e\'\fR, \fB\e\`\fR, and \fB\e\-\fR respectively or by their names (Table II). | |
258 | The \s-1ASCII\s+1 characters \fB@\fR, \fB#\fR, \fB"\fR, \fB\(aa\fR, \fB\(ga\fR, \fB<\fR, \fB>\fR, \fB\e\fR, \fB{\fR, \fB}\fR, \fB~\fR, \fB^\fR, and \fB\(ul\fR exist | |
259 | only on the Special Font and are printed as a 1-em space if that Font | |
260 | is not mounted. | |
261 | .pg | |
262 | .tr ~| | |
263 | \*(NR understands the entire \*(TR character set, | |
264 | but can in general print only \s-1ASCII\s+1 | |
265 | characters, | |
266 | additional characters as may be available on | |
267 | the output device, | |
268 | such characters as may be able to be constructed | |
269 | by overstriking or other combination, | |
270 | and those that can reasonably be mapped | |
271 | into other printable characters. | |
272 | The exact behavior is determined by a driving | |
273 | table prepared for each device. | |
274 | The characters | |
275 | \fB\'\fR, | |
276 | \fB\`\fR, | |
277 | and | |
278 | \fB\(ul\fR | |
279 | ||
280 | as themselves. | |
281 | .sc | |
282 | Fonts. | |
283 | The default mounted fonts are | |
284 | Times Roman (\fBR\fR), | |
285 | Times Italic (\fBI\fR), | |
286 | Times Bold (\fBB\fR), | |
287 | and the Special Mathematical Font (\fBS\fR) | |
288 | on physical typesetter positions 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. | |
289 | These fonts are used in this document. | |
290 | The \fIcurrent\fR font, initially Roman, may be changed | |
291 | (among the mounted fonts) | |
292 | by use of the \fBft\fR request, | |
293 | or by imbedding at any desired point | |
294 | either \fB\ef\fIx\fR, \fB\ef(\fIxx\fR, or \fB\ef\fIN\fR | |
295 | where | |
296 | \fIx\fR and \fIxx\fR are the name of a mounted font | |
297 | and \fIN\fR is a numerical font position. | |
298 | It is \fInot\fR necessary to change to the Special font; | |
299 | characters on that font are automatically handled. | |
300 | A request for a named but not-mounted font is \fIignored\fR. | |
301 | \*(TR can be informed that any particular font is mounted | |
302 | by use of the \fBfp\fR request. | |
303 | The list of known fonts is installation dependent. | |
304 | In the subsequent discussion of font-related requests, | |
305 | \fIF\fR represents either a one\(sltwo-character | |
306 | font name or the numerical font position, 1-4. | |
307 | The current font is available (as numerical position) in the read-only number register \fB.f\fR. | |
308 | .pg | |
309 | \*(NR understands font control | |
310 | and normally underlines Italic characters (see \(sc10.5). | |
311 | .sc | |
312 | Character size. | |
313 | Character point sizes available on the Graphic Systems typesetter are | |
314 | 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, and 36. | |
315 | This is a range of 1\(sl12 inch to 1\(sl2 inch. | |
316 | The \fBps\fR request is used to change or restore the point size. | |
317 | Alternatively the point size may be changed between any two characters | |
318 | by imbedding a \fB\es\fIN\fR | |
319 | at the desired point | |
320 | to set the size to \fIN\fR, | |
321 | or a \fB\es\fI\(+-N\fR (1\(<=\fIN\fR\(<=9) | |
322 | to increment\(sldecrement the size by \fIN\fR; | |
323 | \fB\es0\fR restores the \fIprevious\fR size. | |
324 | Requested point size values that are between two valid | |
325 | sizes yield the larger of the two. | |
326 | The current size is available in the \fB.s\fR register. | |
327 | \*(NR ignores type size control. | |
328 | .h1 * | |
329 | .fn | |
330 | .xx | |
331 | *Notes are explained at the end of the Summary and Index above. | |
332 | .ef | |
333 | .bt | |
334 | \fB&ps\fI|\(+-N\fR 10\|point previous E Point size | |
335 | set to \(+-\fIN\fR. | |
336 | Alternatively imbed \fB\es\fIN\fR or \fB\es\fI\(+-N\fR. | |
337 | Any positive size value may be requested; | |
338 | if invalid, the next larger valid size will result, with a | |
339 | maximum of 36. | |
340 | A paired sequence | |
341 | \(pl\fIN\fR,\|\(mi\fIN\fR | |
342 | will work because the previous requested value is also remembered. | |
343 | Ignored in \*(NR. | |
344 | .bt | |
345 | \fB&ss\fI|N\fR 12\(sl36\|em ignored E Space-character size | |
346 | is set to \fIN\fR\(sl36\|ems. | |
347 | This size is the minimum word spacing in adjusted text. | |
348 | Ignored in \*(NR. | |
349 | .bt | |
350 | \fB&cs\|\fIF\|N\|M\fR off - P Constant character space | |
351 | (width) mode is | |
352 | set on for font \fIF\fR (if mounted); the width of every character will be | |
353 | taken to be \fIN\fR\(sl36 ems. | |
354 | If \fIM\fR is absent, | |
355 | the em is that of the character's point size; | |
356 | if \fIM\fR is given, | |
357 | the em is \fIM\fR-points. | |
358 | All affected characters | |
359 | are centered in this space, including those with an actual width | |
360 | larger than this space. | |
361 | Special Font characters occurring while the current font | |
362 | is \fIF\fR are also so treated. | |
363 | If \fIN\fR is absent, the mode is turned off. | |
364 | The mode must be still or again in effect when the characters are physically printed. | |
365 | Ignored in \*(NR. | |
366 | .bt | |
367 | \fB&bd\fI|F|N\fR off - P The characters in font \fIF\fR will be artificially | |
368 | emboldened by printing each one twice, separated by \fIN\fR\^\(mi1 basic units. | |
369 | A reasonable value for \fIN\fR is 3 when the character size is in the vicinity | |
370 | of 10 points. | |
371 | If \fIN\fR is missing the embolden mode is turned off. | |
372 | The column heads above were printed with \fB.bd|I|3\fR. | |
373 | The mode must be still or again in effect when the characters are physically printed. | |
374 | Ignored in \*(NR. | |
375 | .bt | |
376 | \fB&bd|S|\fIF|N\fR off - P The characters in the Special Font | |
377 | will be emboldened whenever the current font is \fIF\fR. | |
378 | This manual was printed with \fB.bd\|S\|B\|3\fR. | |
379 | The mode must be still or again in effect when the characters are physically printed. | |
380 | .bt | |
381 | \fB&ft|\fIF\fR Roman previous E Font changed to | |
382 | \fIF\fR. | |
383 | Alternatively, imbed \fB\ef\fIF\fR. | |
384 | The font name \fBP\fR is reserved to mean the previous font. | |
385 | .bt | |
386 | \fB&fp|\fIN|F\fR R,I,B,S ignored - Font position. | |
387 | This is a statement | |
388 | that a font named \fIF\fR is mounted on position \fIN\fR (1-4). | |
389 | It is a fatal error if \fIF\fR is not known. | |
390 | The phototypesetter has four fonts physically mounted. | |
391 | Each font consists of a film strip which can be mounted on a numbered | |
392 | quadrant of a wheel. | |
393 | The default mounting sequence assumed by \*(TR is | |
394 | R, I, B, and S on positions 1, 2, 3 and 4. | |
395 | .mh | |
396 | Page control | |
397 | .pg | |
398 | Top and bottom margins are \fInot\fR automatically provided; | |
399 | it is conventional to define two \fImacros\fR and to set \fItraps\fR | |
400 | for them at vertical positions 0 (top) and \fI\(miN\fR (\fIN\fR from the bottom). | |
401 | See \(sc7 and Tutorial Examples \(scT2. | |
402 | A pseudo-page transition onto the \fIfirst\fR page occurs | |
403 | either when the first \fIbreak\fR occurs or | |
404 | when the first \fInon-diverted\fR text processing occurs. | |
405 | Arrangements | |
406 | for a trap to occur at the top of the first page | |
407 | must be completed before this transition. | |
408 | In the following, references to the \fIcurrent diversion\fR (\(sc7.4) | |
409 | mean that the mechanism being described works during both | |
410 | ordinary and diverted output (the former considered as the top diversion level). | |
411 | .pg | |
412 | The useable page width on the Graphic Systems phototypesetter | |
413 | is about 7.54|inches, | |
414 | beginning about 1\(sl27|inch from the left edge of the | |
415 | 8|inch wide, continuous roll paper. | |
416 | The physical limitations on \*(NR output | |
417 | are output-device dependent. | |
418 | .h1 | |
419 | .bt | |
420 | \fB&pl\fI|\(+-N\fR 11\|in 11\|in \fBv\fR Page length set to \fI\(+-N\fR. | |
421 | The internal limitation is about 75|inches in \*(TR and | |
422 | about 136|inches in \*(NR. | |
423 | The current page length is available in the \fB.p\fR register. | |
424 | .bt | |
425 | \fB&bp\fI|\(+-N\fR \fIN\(eq\fR1 - B*,\fBv\fR Begin page. | |
426 | .fn | |
427 | .xx | |
428 | *The use of "\ \fB\'\fR\ " as control character (instead of "\fB.\fR") | |
429 | suppresses the break function. | |
430 | .ef | |
431 | The current page is ejected and a new page is begun. | |
432 | If \fI\(+-N\fR is given, the new page number will be \fI\(+-N\fR. | |
433 | Also see request \fBns\fR. | |
434 | .bt | |
435 | \fB&pn\fI|\(+-N\fR \fIN\fR\(eq1 ignored - Page number. | |
436 | The next page (when it occurs) will have the page number \fI\(+-N\fR. | |
437 | A \fBpn\fR must occur before the initial pseudo-page transition | |
438 | to effect the page number of the first page. | |
439 | The current page number is in the \fB%\fR register. | |
440 | .bt | |
441 | \fB&po\fI|\(+-N\fR 0;|26\(sl27\|in\(dg previous \fBv\fR Page offset. | |
442 | .fn | |
443 | .xx | |
444 | \(dgValues separated by ";" are for \*(NR and \*(TR respectively. | |
445 | .ef | |
446 | The current \fIleft margin\fR is set to \fI\(+-N\fR. | |
447 | The \*(TR initial value provides about 1|inch of paper margin | |
448 | including the physical typesetter margin of 1\(sl27|inch. | |
449 | In \*(TR the maximum (line-length)+(page-offset) is about 7.54 inches. | |
450 | See \(sc6. | |
451 | The current page offset is available in the \fB.o\fR register. | |
452 | .bt | |
453 | \fB&ne\fI|N\fR - \fIN\(eq\fR1\|\fIV\fR D,\fBv\fR Need \fIN\fR vertical space. | |
454 | If the distance, \fID\fR, to the next trap position (see \(sc7.5) is less than \fIN\fR, | |
455 | a forward vertical space of size \fID\fR occurs, | |
456 | which will spring the trap. | |
457 | If there are no remaining | |
458 | traps on the page, | |
459 | \fID\fR is the distance to the bottom of the page. | |
460 | If \fID\|<\|V\fR, another line could still be output | |
461 | and spring the trap. | |
462 | In a diversion, \fID\fR is the distance to the \fIdiversion trap\fR, if any, | |
463 | or is very large. | |
464 | .bt | |
465 | \fB&mk\fI|R\fR none internal D Mark the \fIcurrent\fR vertical place | |
466 | in an internal register (both associated with the current diversion level), | |
467 | or in register \fIR\fR, if given. | |
468 | See \fBrt\fR request. | |
469 | .bt | |
470 | \fB&rt\fI|\(+-N\fR none internal D,\fBv\fR Return \fIupward only\fR to a marked vertical place | |
471 | in the current diversion. | |
472 | If \fI\(+-N\fR (w.r.t. current place) is given, | |
473 | the place is \fI\(+-N\fR from the top of the page or diversion | |
474 | or, if \fIN\fR is absent, to a | |
475 | place marked by a previous \fBmk\fR. | |
476 | Note that the \fBsp\fR request (\(sc5.3) may be used | |
477 | in all cases instead of \fBrt\fR | |
478 | by spacing to the absolute place stored in a explicit register; | |
479 | e.|g. using the sequence \fB.mk|\fIR\fR ... \fB.sp|~\|\en\fIR\fBu\fR. | |
480 | .mh | |
481 | Text Filling, Adjusting, and Centering | |
482 | .sc | |
483 | Filling and adjusting. | |
484 | Normally, | |
485 | words are collected from input text lines | |
486 | and assembled into a output text line | |
487 | until some word doesn't fit. | |
488 | An attempt is then made | |
489 | the hyphenate the word in effort to assemble a part | |
490 | of it into the output line. | |
491 | The spaces between the words on the output line | |
492 | are then increased to spread out the line | |
493 | to the current \fIline length\fR | |
494 | minus any current \fIindent\fR. | |
495 | A \fIword\fR is any string of characters delimited by | |
496 | the \fIspace\fR character or the beginning/end of the input line. | |
497 | Any adjacent pair of words that must be kept together | |
498 | (neither split across output lines nor spread apart | |
499 | in the adjustment process) | |
500 | can be tied together by separating them with the | |
501 | \fIunpaddable space\fR character | |
502 | "\fB\e\ \ \fR" (backslash-space). | |
503 | The adjusted word spacings are uniform in \*(TR | |
504 | and the minimum interword spacing can be controlled | |
505 | with the \fBss\fR request (\(sc2). | |
506 | In \*(NR, they are normally nonuniform because of | |
507 | quantization to character-size spaces; | |
508 | however, | |
509 | the command line option \fB\-e\fR causes uniform | |
510 | spacing with full output device resolution. | |
511 | Filling, adjustment, and hyphenation (\(sc13) can all be | |
512 | prevented or controlled. | |
513 | The \fItext length\fR on the last line output is available in the \fB.n\fR register, | |
514 | and text base-line position on the page for this line is in the \fBnl\fR register. | |
515 | The text base-line high-water mark (lowest place) on the current page is in | |
516 | the \fB.h\fR register. | |
517 | .pg | |
518 | An input text line ending with \fB.\fR\^, \fB?\fR, or \fB!\fR is taken | |
519 | to be the end of a \fIsentence\fR, and an additional space character is | |
520 | automatically provided during filling. | |
521 | Multiple inter-word space characters found in the input are retained, | |
522 | except for trailing spaces; | |
523 | initial spaces also cause a \fIbreak\fR. | |
524 | .pg | |
525 | When filling is in effect, a \fB\ep\fR may be imbedded or attached to a word to | |
526 | cause a \fIbreak\fR at the \fIend\fR of the word and have the resulting output | |
527 | line \fIspread out\fR to fill the current line length. | |
528 | .pg | |
529 | .tr && | |
530 | A text input line that happens to begin | |
531 | with a control character can | |
532 | be made to not look like a control line | |
533 | by prefacing it with | |
534 | the non-printing, zero-width filler character \fB\e&\fR. | |
535 | Still another way is to specify output translation of some | |
536 | convenient character into the control character | |
537 | using \fBtr\fR (\(sc10.5). | |
538 | .tr &. | |
539 | .sc | |
540 | Interrupted text. | |
541 | The copying of a input line in \fInofill\f (non-fill) mode can be \fIinterrupted\fR | |
542 | by terminating | |
543 | the partial line with a \fB\ec\fR. | |
544 | The \fInext\fR encountered input text line will be considered to be a continuation | |
545 | of the same line of input text. | |
546 | Similarly, | |
547 | a word within \fIfilled\fR text may be interrupted by terminating the | |
548 | word (and line) with \fB\ec\fR; | |
549 | the next encountered text will be taken as a continuation of the | |
550 | interrupted word. | |
551 | If the intervening control lines cause a break, | |
552 | any partial line will be forced out along with any partial word. | |
553 | .h1 | |
554 | .bt | |
555 | \fB&br\fR - - B Break. | |
556 | The filling of the line currently | |
557 | being collected is stopped and | |
558 | the line is output without adjustment. | |
559 | Text lines beginning with space characters | |
560 | and empty text lines (blank lines) also cause a break. | |
561 | .bt | |
562 | .lg0 | |
563 | \fB&fi\fR \(fill|on - B,E Fill subsequent output lines. | |
564 | .lg | |
565 | The register \fB.u\fR is 1 in fill mode and 0 in nofill mode. | |
566 | .bt | |
567 | \fB&nf\fR fill|on - B,E Nofill. | |
568 | Subsequent output lines are \fIneither\fR filled \fInor\fR adjusted. | |
569 | Input text lines are copied directly to output lines | |
570 | \fIwithout regard\fR for the current line length. | |
571 | .bt | |
572 | \fB&ad\fI|c\fR adj,both adjust E \ | |
573 | Line adjustment is begun. | |
574 | If fill mode is not on, adjustment will be deferred until | |
575 | fill mode is back on. | |
576 | If the type indicator \fIc\fR is present, | |
577 | the adjustment type is changed as shown in the following table. | |
578 | .TS | |
579 | center box; | |
580 | c|c | |
581 | c|l. | |
582 | Indicator Adjust Type | |
583 | _ | |
584 | \fBl\fR adjust left margin only | |
585 | \fBr\fR adjust right margin only | |
586 | \fBc\fR center | |
587 | \fBb\fR or \fBn\fR adjust both margins | |
588 | absent unchanged | |
589 | .TE | |
590 | .bt | |
591 | \fB&na\fR adjust - E Noadjust. | |
592 | Adjustment is turned off; | |
593 | the right margin will be ragged. | |
594 | The adjustment type for \fBad\fR is not changed. | |
595 | Output line filling still occurs if fill mode is on. | |
596 | .bt | |
597 | \fB&ce\fI|N\fR off \fIN\fR\(eq1 B,E Center the next \fIN\fR input text lines | |
598 | within the current (line-length minus indent). | |
599 | If \fIN\fR\(eq\^0, any residual count is cleared. | |
600 | A break occurs after each of the \fIN\fR input lines. | |
601 | If the input line is too long, | |
602 | it will be left adjusted. | |
603 | .mh | |
604 | Vertical Spacing | |
605 | .sc | |
606 | Base-line spacing. | |
607 | The vertical spacing \fI(V)\fR between the base-lines of successive | |
608 | output lines can be set | |
609 | using the \fBvs\fR request | |
610 | with a resolution of 1\(sl144\|inch\|\(eq\|1\(sl2|point | |
611 | in \*(TR, | |
612 | and to the output device resolution in \*(NR. | |
613 | \fIV\fR must be large enough to accommodate the character sizes | |
614 | on the affected output lines. | |
615 | For the common type sizes (9-12 points), | |
616 | usual typesetting practice is to set \fIV\fR to 2\ points greater than the | |
617 | point size; | |
618 | \*(TR default is 10-point type on a 12-point spacing | |
619 | (as in this document). | |
620 | The current \fIV\fR is available in the \fB.v\fR register. | |
621 | Multiple-\fIV\|\fR line separation (e.\|g. double spacing) may be requested | |
622 | with \fBls\fR. | |
623 | .sc | |
624 | Extra line-space. | |
625 | If a word contains a vertically tall construct requiring | |
626 | the output line containing it to have extra vertical space | |
627 | before and\(slor after it, | |
628 | the \fIextra-line-space\fR function \fB\ex\fI\'N\|\|\'\fR | |
629 | can be imbedded in or attached to that word. | |
630 | In this and other functions having a pair of delimiters around | |
631 | their parameter (here \fB\'\fR\|), | |
632 | the delimiter choice is arbitrary, | |
633 | except that it can't look like the continuation of a number expression for \fIN\fR. | |
634 | If \fIN\fR is negative, | |
635 | the output line containing the word will | |
636 | be preceded by \fIN\fR extra vertical space; | |
637 | if \fIN\fR is positive, | |
638 | the output line containing the word | |
639 | will be followed by \fIN\fR extra vertical space. | |
640 | If successive requests for extra space apply to the same line, | |
641 | the maximum values are used. | |
642 | The most recently utilized post-line extra line-space is available in the \fB.a\fR register. | |
643 | .sc | |
644 | Blocks of vertical space. | |
645 | A block of vertical space is ordinarily requested using \fBsp\fR, | |
646 | which honors the \fIno-space\fR mode and which does | |
647 | not space \fIpast\fR a trap. | |
648 | A contiguous block of vertical space may be reserved using \fBsv\fR. | |
649 | .h1 | |
650 | .bt | |
651 | \fB&vs\fI\|N\fR 1\(sl6in;12pts previous E,\fBp\fR Set vertical base-line spacing size \fIV\fR. | |
652 | Transient \fIextra\fR vertical space available with \fB\ex\fI\'N\|\|\'\fR (see above). | |
653 | .bt | |
654 | \fB&ls\fI\|N\fR \fIN\(eq\^\fR1 previous E \fILine\fR spacing | |
655 | set to \fI\(+-N\fR. | |
656 | \fIN\(mi\fR1 \fIV\fR\^s \fI(blank lines)\fR are | |
657 | appended to each output text line. | |
658 | Appended blank lines are omitted, if the text or previous appended blank line reached a trap position. | |
659 | .bt | |
660 | \fB&sp\fI|N\fR - \fIN\fR\(eq1\fIV\fR B,\fBv\fR Space vertically in \fIeither\fR direction. | |
661 | If \fIN\fR is negative, the motion is \fIbackward\fR (upward) | |
662 | and is limited to the distance to the top of the page. | |
663 | Forward (downward) motion is truncated to the distance to the | |
664 | nearest trap. | |
665 | If the no-space mode is on, | |
666 | no spacing occurs (see \fBns\fR, and \fBrs\fR below). | |
667 | .bt | |
668 | \fB&sv\fI|N\fR - \fIN\(eq\fR1\fIV\fR \fBv\fR Save a contiguous vertical block of size \fIN\fR. | |
669 | If the distance to the next trap is greater | |
670 | than \fIN\fR, \fIN\fR vertical space is output. | |
671 | No-space mode has \fIno\fR effect. | |
672 | If this distance is less than \fIN\fR, | |
673 | no vertical space is immediately output, | |
674 | but \fIN\fR is remembered for later output (see \fBos\fR). | |
675 | Subsequent \fBsv\fR requests will overwrite any still remembered \fIN\fR. | |
676 | .bt | |
677 | \fB&os\fR - - - Output saved vertical space. | |
678 | No-space mode has \fIno\fR effect. | |
679 | Used to finally output a block of vertical space requested | |
680 | by an earlier \fBsv\fR request. | |
681 | .bt | |
682 | \fB&ns\fR space - D No-space mode turned on. | |
683 | When on, the no-space mode inhibits \fBsp\fR requests and | |
684 | \fBbp\fR requests \fIwithout\fR a next page number. | |
685 | The no-space mode is turned off when a line of | |
686 | output occurs, or with \fBrs\fR. | |
687 | .bt | |
688 | \fB&rs\fR space - D Restore spacing. | |
689 | The no-space mode is turned off. | |
690 | .bt | |
691 | Blank|text|line. - B Causes a break and | |
692 | output of a blank line exactly like \fBsp|1\fR. |