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021014a6 KM |
1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. |
2 | .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement | |
3 | .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. | |
4 | .\" | |
3dd800de | 5 | .\" @(#)boot_vax.8 6.6 (Berkeley) %G% |
021014a6 | 6 | .\" |
d730f4d7 | 7 | .TH REBOOT 8 "" |
021014a6 KM |
8 | .UC 4 |
9 | .SH NAME | |
10 | reboot \- UNIX bootstrapping procedures | |
11 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
12 | .B /etc/reboot | |
13 | [ | |
14 | .B \-n | |
15 | ] [ | |
16 | .B \-q | |
17 | ] | |
18 | .SH DESCRIPTION | |
19 | .PP | |
20 | UNIX is started by placing it in memory | |
be1d37d3 | 21 | at location zero and transferring to the entry point. |
021014a6 KM |
22 | Since the system is not reenterable, |
23 | it is necessary to read it in from disk or tape | |
24 | each time it is to be bootstrapped. | |
25 | .PP | |
26 | .B Rebooting a running system. | |
27 | When a UNIX is running and a reboot is desired, | |
28 | .IR shutdown (8) | |
29 | is normally used. | |
30 | If there are no users then | |
31 | .B /etc/reboot | |
32 | can be used. | |
13e92b42 MK |
33 | Reboot causes the disks to be synced and allows the system |
34 | to perform other shutdown activities such as resynchronizing | |
35 | hardware time-of-day clocks. | |
36 | A multi-user reboot (as described below) is then initiated. | |
37 | This causes a system to be | |
021014a6 KM |
38 | booted and an automatic disk check to be performed. If all this succeeds |
39 | without incident, the system is then brought up for many users. | |
40 | .PP | |
41 | Options to reboot are: | |
42 | .TP | |
43 | .B \-n | |
44 | option avoids the sync. It can be used if a disk or the processor | |
6f055ecd | 45 | is on fire. |
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46 | .TP |
47 | .B \-q | |
48 | reboots quickly and ungracefully, without shutting down running | |
49 | processes first. | |
50 | .PP | |
b77763cc MK |
51 | .I Reboot |
52 | normally logs the reboot using | |
53 | .IR syslog (8) | |
54 | and places a shutdown record in the login accounting file | |
55 | /usr/adm/wtmp. | |
56 | These actions are inhibited if the | |
57 | .B \-n | |
58 | or | |
59 | .B \-q | |
60 | options are present. | |
61 | .PP | |
021014a6 KM |
62 | .B "Power fail and crash recovery." |
63 | Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes. | |
64 | Provided the auto-restart is enabled on the machine front panel, | |
be1d37d3 MK |
65 | an automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed, |
66 | and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations. | |
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67 | .PP |
68 | .B Cold starts. | |
3dd800de | 69 | These are processor-type dependent. |
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70 | On an 11/780, there are two floppy files for each disk controller, |
71 | both of which cause boots from unit 0 of the root file system | |
72 | of a controller located on mba0 or uba0. | |
73 | One gives a single user shell, while the other invokes the multi-user | |
74 | automatic reboot. Thus these files are HPS and HPM for the single | |
75 | and multi-user boot from MASSBUS RP06/RM03/RM05 disks, | |
76 | UPS and UPM for UNIBUS storage module controller and disks | |
77 | such as the EMULEX SC-21 | |
3dd800de MK |
78 | and AMPEX 9300 pair, |
79 | RAS and RAM to boot from MSCP controllers and disks such as the RA81, | |
80 | or HKS and HKM for RK07 disks. | |
be1d37d3 MK |
81 | There is also a script for booting from the default device, |
82 | which is normally a copy of one of the standard multi-user boot scripts, | |
83 | but which may be modified to perform other actions | |
84 | or to boot from a different unit. | |
85 | The situation on the 8600 is similar, with scripts loaded from the console RL02. | |
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86 | .PP |
87 | Giving the command | |
88 | .IP | |
89 | >>>BOOT HPM | |
90 | .LP | |
3dd800de | 91 | would boot the system from (e.g.) an RP06 and run the automatic consistency |
021014a6 KM |
92 | check as described in |
93 | .IR fsck (8). | |
94 | (Note that it may | |
95 | be necessary to type control-P | |
be1d37d3 | 96 | and halt the processor |
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97 | to gain the attention of the LSI-11 before getting the >>> prompt.) |
98 | The command | |
99 | .IP | |
100 | >>>BOOT ANY | |
101 | .LP | |
102 | invokes a version of the boot program in a way which allows you to | |
103 | specify any system as the system to be booted. | |
104 | It reads from the console a device specification (see below) followed | |
105 | immediately by a pathname. | |
106 | .PP | |
be1d37d3 | 107 | The scripts may be modified for local configuration if necessary. |
ca65dd63 KB |
108 | The flags are placed in register 11 (as defined in |
109 | .IR <sys/reboot.h> ). | |
3dd800de MK |
110 | The boot device is specified in register 10. |
111 | The encoding of this register is also defined in | |
112 | .IR <sys/reboot.h> . | |
113 | The current encoding has a historical basis, and is shown in the following | |
114 | table: | |
115 | .LP | |
116 | .ta 5 10 | |
117 | .nf | |
118 | bits usage | |
119 | 0-7 boot device type (the device major number) | |
120 | 8-15 disk partition | |
121 | 16-19 drive unit | |
122 | 20-23 controller number | |
123 | 24-27 adaptor number (UNIBUS or MASSBUS as appropriate) | |
124 | .fi | |
125 | .LP | |
126 | The adaptor number corresponds to the normal configuration on the 11/750, | |
127 | and to the order in which adaptors are found on the 11/780 and 8600 | |
128 | (generally the same as the numbers used by UNIX). | |
be1d37d3 | 129 | .PP |
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130 | On an 11/750, the reset button will boot from the device |
131 | selected by the front panel boot device switch. In systems | |
132 | with RK07's, position B normally selects the RK07 for boot. | |
133 | This will boot multi-user. To boot from RK07 with boot flags you | |
134 | may specify | |
135 | .IP | |
136 | >>>B/\fIn\fR DMA0 | |
137 | .LP | |
138 | where, giving a \fIn\fR of 1 causes the boot program | |
139 | to ask for the name of the system to be bootstrapped, | |
140 | giving a \fIn\fR of 2 causes the boot program to come up single | |
141 | user, and a \fIn\fR of 3 causes both of these actions to occur. | |
be1d37d3 MK |
142 | The ``DM'' specifies RK07, the ``A'' represents the adaptor number (UNIBUS |
143 | or MASSBUS), and the ``0'' is the drive unit number. | |
144 | Other disk types which may be used are DB (MASSBUS), DD (TU58), | |
145 | and DU (UDA-50/RA disk). | |
146 | A non-zero disk partition can be used by adding (partition times 1000 hex) | |
147 | to \fIn\fR. | |
021014a6 | 148 | .PP |
3dd800de MK |
149 | The boot procedure on the MicroVAX II is similar. |
150 | A switch on the back panel sets the power-up action | |
151 | to autoboot or to halt. | |
152 | When halted, the processor may be booted using the same syntax | |
153 | as on the 11/750. | |
154 | .PP | |
021014a6 KM |
155 | The 11/750 boot procedure uses the boot roms to load block 0 off of |
156 | the specified device. The /usr/mdec directory contains a number | |
157 | of bootstrap programs for the various disks which should be placed | |
3dd800de MK |
158 | in a new pack by |
159 | .IR disklabel (8). | |
160 | Similarly, the MicroVAX II boot procedure loads a boot parameter block | |
161 | from block 0 of the disk. | |
162 | The | |
163 | .I rdboot | |
164 | ``bootstrap'' contains the correct parameters for an MSCP disk such | |
165 | as the RD53. | |
021014a6 | 166 | .PP |
be1d37d3 | 167 | On any processor, the |
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168 | .I boot |
169 | program | |
be1d37d3 MK |
170 | finds the corresponding file on the given device |
171 | .RI ( vmunix | |
172 | by default), loads that file | |
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173 | into memory location zero, and starts the program at the entry address |
174 | specified in the program header (after clearing off the high bit | |
be1d37d3 | 175 | of the specified entry address). |
021014a6 | 176 | .PP |
be1d37d3 MK |
177 | The file specifications used with \*(lqBOOT ANY\*(rq or \*(lqB/3\*(rq |
178 | are of the form: | |
021014a6 | 179 | .IP |
3dd800de | 180 | device(adaptor,controller,unit,minor) |
021014a6 KM |
181 | .PP |
182 | where | |
183 | .I device | |
184 | is the type of the device to be searched, | |
3dd800de MK |
185 | .I adaptor |
186 | is the UNIBUS or MASSBUS number of the adaptor to which the device is attached, | |
187 | .I controller | |
188 | is the unit number of the controller or MASSBUS tape formatter on that adaptor, | |
021014a6 | 189 | .I unit |
3dd800de | 190 | is the unit number of the disk or transport slave unit of the tape, |
021014a6 KM |
191 | and |
192 | .I minor | |
be1d37d3 | 193 | is the disk partition or tape file number. |
3dd800de | 194 | Leading adaptor or controller numbers default to 0. |
be1d37d3 | 195 | Normal line editing characters can be used when typing the file specification. |
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196 | The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to |
197 | installation: | |
3dd800de | 198 | .LP |
021014a6 KM |
199 | .ta 5 10 |
200 | .nf | |
6f055ecd KM |
201 | hp MASSBUS disk drive |
202 | up UNIBUS storage module drive | |
021014a6 | 203 | ht TE16,TU45,TU77 on MASSBUS |
3dd800de | 204 | kra storage module on a KDB50 |
6f055ecd | 205 | mt TU78 on MASSBUS |
021014a6 | 206 | hk RK07 on UNIBUS |
3dd800de | 207 | ra storage module on a MSCP-compatible UNIBUS controller |
6f055ecd KM |
208 | rb storage module on a 730 IDC |
209 | rl RL02 on UNIBUS | |
021014a6 | 210 | tm TM11 emulation tape drives on UNIBUS |
3dd800de | 211 | tms TMSCP-compatible tape |
021014a6 | 212 | ts TS11 on UNIBUS |
6f055ecd | 213 | ut UNIBUS TU45 emulator |
021014a6 KM |
214 | .fi |
215 | .PP | |
be1d37d3 MK |
216 | For example, |
217 | to boot from a file system which starts at cylinder 0 | |
218 | of unit 0 of a MASSBUS disk, type \*(lqhp(0,0)vmunix\*(rq | |
3dd800de MK |
219 | to the boot prompt; \*(lqhp(2,0,1,0)vmunix\*(rq |
220 | would specify drive 1 on MASSBUS adaptor 2; | |
221 | \*(lqup(0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify | |
be1d37d3 | 222 | a UNIBUS drive, \*(lqhk(0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify |
3dd800de MK |
223 | an RK07 disk drive, \*(lqra(1,0,0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify a |
224 | UDA50 disk drive on a second UNIBUS, and \*(lqrb(0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify a | |
be1d37d3 | 225 | disk on a 730 IDC. |
3dd800de MK |
226 | For tapes, the minor device number gives a file offset; |
227 | \*(lqmt(1,2,3,4)\*(rq would specify the fifth file on slave 3 of the formatter | |
228 | at \*(lqdrive\*(rq 2 on mba 1. | |
021014a6 | 229 | .PP |
13e92b42 MK |
230 | On an 11/750 with patchable control store, |
231 | microcode patches will be installed by | |
232 | .I boot | |
233 | if the file | |
234 | .I psc750.bin | |
235 | exists in the root of the filesystem from which the system is booted. | |
236 | .PP | |
021014a6 | 237 | In an emergency, the bootstrap methods described in the paper |
be1d37d3 | 238 | ``Installing and Operating 4.3bsd'' can be used |
021014a6 KM |
239 | to boot from a distribution tape. |
240 | .SH FILES | |
3dd800de | 241 | .ta \w'/usr/mdec/bootxx 'u |
021014a6 KM |
242 | /vmunix system code |
243 | .br | |
244 | /boot system bootstrap | |
be1d37d3 MK |
245 | .br |
246 | /usr/mdec/xxboot sector-0 boot block for 750, xx is disk type | |
247 | .br | |
248 | /usr/mdec/bootxx second-stage boot for 750, xx is disk type | |
249 | .br | |
13e92b42 | 250 | /pcs750.bin microcode patch file on 750 |
021014a6 | 251 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
be1d37d3 | 252 | arff(8V), |
6f055ecd | 253 | crash(8V), |
3dd800de | 254 | disklabel(8), |
6f055ecd | 255 | fsck(8), |
be1d37d3 | 256 | halt(8), |
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257 | init(8), |
258 | rc(8), | |
b77763cc MK |
259 | shutdown(8), |
260 | syslogd(8) |