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1 | INSTALLATION NOTES |
2 | FreeBSD | |
3 | Release 1.0 | |
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4 | |
5 | These notes have been prepared from those written originally for NetBSD | |
6 | 0.9. The conversion was done by someone who has had experience with | |
7 | installing and upgrading 386bsd, but who is not a unix guru, so there | |
8 | will be slant towards this experience. Corrections/updates are | |
9 | welcomed, it is difficult/impossible to test every last hardware | |
10 | combination. | |
11 | ||
12 | Be sure to read _ALL_ of this document before you try to install | |
13 | FreeBSD. FreeBSD probably looks a bit similar to things that you've | |
14 | seen before (perhaps 386BSD), but the installation procedures are quite | |
15 | different. | |
16 | ||
17 | ||
18 | FreeBSD 1.0 Release Contents: | |
19 | ------- --- ------- -------- | |
20 | ||
21 | The FreeBSD 1.0 Release consists of the following elements: | |
22 | ||
23 | Bootable Kernel-copy floppies | |
24 | ||
0fedc42d AM |
25 | These disks are bootable and have enough utilities on |
26 | board to copy a new kernel to a prepared hard disk. While | |
27 | they are primarily intended for installing FreeBSD, they | |
28 | also make upgrading to a new kernel easy: boot from it, | |
29 | and copy a new kernel to disk. | |
30 | ||
31 | You must choose between one of two kernel-copy floppy | |
32 | images, depending on your disk controller type. The | |
33 | "kcopy-ah-floppy" image supports the Adaptec 154x and 1742 | |
34 | SCSI adapters, while "kcopy-bt-floppy" supports the Bustek | |
35 | 742 and Ultrastore SCSI adapters. For systems with only | |
36 | MFM, RLL, ESDI or IDE disk controllers, either image can | |
37 | be used. | |
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38 | |
39 | Installation floppies | |
40 | ||
39087e97 | 41 | In addition to a bootable floppy, currently two additional |
0fedc42d AM |
42 | disks are required to prepare your hard drive for FreeBSD |
43 | and to install the FreeBSD distribution. Like the boot | |
44 | floppies, these are distributed as binary images. They are | |
39087e97 AM |
45 | are referred to below as the "filesystem-floppy" and the |
46 | "cpio-floppy". | |
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47 | |
48 | There is also an optional fourth installation disk referred | |
39087e97 AM |
49 | to as the "dos-floppy". Unlike the other install disks, |
50 | there is no binary image for the dos floppy. Instead this | |
51 | is a regular MS-DOS-formatted floppy disk containing any | |
52 | FreeBSD programs you choose to copy to it using mtools or | |
53 | even the DOS copy command. The most commonly requested | |
54 | programs have been put in a tools directory at FreeBSD | |
55 | archives sites. | |
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56 | |
57 | Upgrade floppies | |
58 | ||
0fedc42d | 59 | These facilitate upgrading to FreeBSD from any previous |
39087e97 AM |
60 | patch-kit level of 386BSD 0.1. They are still in testing, |
61 | but should be available by the time you read this from | |
62 | the tools/upgrade directory at FreeBSD archive sites. | |
63 | [the current version is: | |
64 | tools/upgrade/386BSD-to-FreeBSD-update-LATE-BETA.tar.gz] | |
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65 | |
66 | FreeBSD distribution sets | |
67 | ||
0fedc42d | 68 | These collections contain the complete FreeBSD system and |
39087e97 AM |
69 | utilities in source and binary form. There are three |
70 | separate sets: the FreeBSD binaries, the FreeBSD sources, | |
71 | and the DES sources+binaries. The DES set contains only | |
72 | crypt(3) code and is subject to U.S.A. export restrictions. | |
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73 | |
74 | The binary distribution set can be found in the "binarydist" | |
39087e97 AM |
75 | subdirectory of the FreeBSD archive sites. It consists |
76 | of files named bin_tgz.aa to bin_tgz.db (i.e., 80 files | |
77 | all told). A CKSUMS file (* see note below) is included | |
78 | for verifying the integrity of these. | |
0fedc42d AM |
79 | |
80 | The source distribution sets can be found in under | |
39087e97 AM |
81 | "sourcedist" subdirectory of archive sites. It is consists |
82 | of files named src_tgz.aa to src_tgz.cp (i.e., 68 files | |
83 | all told), plus file CKSUMS*. | |
0fedc42d | 84 | |
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85 | Finally, the security distribution set contains |
86 | usr/src/libcrypt/*, the source files for the DES encryption | |
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87 | algorithm, and the binaries which depend on it. It can |
88 | be found in the "securedist" subdirectory on sites which | |
89 | choose to carry the complete FreeBSD distribution. | |
90 | ||
91 | The individual files in each collection are no more than | |
92 | 235 Kbytes in size. (The last file is just long enough | |
93 | to contain the rest of the data for that distribution | |
94 | set.) | |
95 | ||
96 | Each collection is a split, gzip'ed tar archive. They | |
97 | are reassembled and extracted by the install procedure. | |
39087e97 AM |
98 | However, to view them without installing FreeBSD, you can |
99 | use, e.g., the command line: | |
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100 | |
101 | cat bin* | gunzip | tar tvf - | more | |
102 | ||
0fedc42d | 103 | or to extract the files themselves: |
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104 | |
105 | cat bin* | gunzip | tar xvfp - | |
106 | ||
39087e97 AM |
107 | Using this method, the files are extracted in the current |
108 | directory. So to install the binary distribution, for | |
109 | instance, you have to run the "tar xvfp" from the root | |
110 | directory (/). | |
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111 | |
112 | In each of the distribution directories, there is a file | |
113 | named "CKSUMS" which contains the checksums of the files | |
114 | in that directory, as generated by the cksum(1) command. | |
115 | You can use cksum to verify the integrity of the archives, | |
116 | if you suspect one of the files is corrupted. | |
117 | ||
118 | N.B.: The CKSUMS files are produced using the 4.4BSD | |
39087e97 AM |
119 | version of cksum which is POSIX-compliant. The values in |
120 | these file do not match the cksums generated by the 386BSD 0.1 | |
121 | version of cksum (which is based on an earlier "standard"). | |
122 | A copy of the new cksum binary that will run on | |
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123 | 386bsd/Netbsd/FreeBSD can be found in the "tools" subdirectory |
124 | of the distribution. | |
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125 | |
126 | ||
127 | System Requirements and Supported Devices: | |
128 | ------ ------------ --- --------- ------- | |
129 | ||
130 | FreeBSD 1.0 runs on ISA (AT-Bus) and EISA systems, with 386 and 486 | |
131 | processors, with or without math coprocessors. It does NOT support | |
132 | Micro-channel systems, such as some IBM PS/2 systems. The minimal | |
39087e97 | 133 | configuration includes 4Meg of RAM, and an 80Meg hard disk, but to |
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134 | install the entire system you'll need much more disk space, and to run |
135 | X or compile the system more RAM is recommended. (4Meg will actually | |
136 | allow you to run X and/or compile, but it's extremely slow.) | |
137 | ||
138 | Supported devices include: | |
139 | ||
140 | Standard floppy controllers | |
9ab0a24f | 141 | |
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142 | Standard hard disk controllers: |
143 | MFM | |
144 | ESDI | |
145 | IDE | |
146 | RLL | |
9ab0a24f | 147 | |
f6c8cb2e | 148 | SCSI hard disk controllers: |
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149 | Adaptec 154x series * [kcopy-ah-floppy] |
150 | Adaptec 174x series | |
151 | Buslogic 545S | |
152 | Bustek 742 (EISA) [kcopy-bt-floppy] | |
153 | DTC 3290 in 1542 emulation mode * | |
154 | Ultrastor 14f and 34f | |
155 | ||
156 | * Your system can NOT have more than 16MB of memory with | |
157 | these controllers. | |
158 | ||
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159 | Display Adaptors: |
160 | MDA | |
161 | CGA | |
162 | VGA (and SVGA) | |
163 | HGC | |
9ab0a24f | 164 | |
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165 | Serial communications ports |
166 | 8250 | |
167 | 16450 | |
168 | 16550A | |
39087e97 AM |
169 | [4-port multi-serial cards - require kernel built |
170 | with MULTI_PORT option] | |
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171 | [We do not support the Intel 82501 serial chip used |
172 | in some PC's at this time] | |
173 | ||
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174 | Ethernet controllers |
175 | SMC/WD 8003, 8013, and equivalents | |
176 | (including the SMC "Elite" series) | |
177 | Novell NE1000, NE2000 | |
178 | 3COM 3c503 | |
179 | ISOLAN ISOLink | |
9ab0a24f | 180 | |
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181 | Tape drives: |
182 | QIC-02 format tape drives | |
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183 | most SCSI tape/DAT drives |
184 | [an early QIC-40 or QIC-80 tape driver exists, | |
185 | but is not yet incorporated into FreeBSD] | |
9ab0a24f | 186 | |
f6c8cb2e | 187 | CD-ROM drives: |
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188 | Mitsumi CDROM drive with Mitsumi Controller |
189 | Most SCSI CD-ROM drives on a supported SCSI controller | |
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190 | |
191 | To be detected by the distributed kernels, the devices must | |
192 | be configured as follows: (Note: IRQ 9 is the same as IRQ 2 | |
193 | on ISA/EISA based machines) | |
194 | ||
195 | Device Name Port IRQ DRQ Misc | |
196 | ------ ---- ---- --- --- ---- | |
9ab0a24f | 197 | Floppy Cntlr. fd0 0x3f0 6 2 |
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198 | |
199 | Std. Hard Disk Cntlr. | |
9ab0a24f | 200 | wd0 0x1f0 14 |
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201 | |
202 | AHA-154x SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 11 5 [kcopy-ah-floppy] | |
203 | ||
39087e97 | 204 | AHA-174x SCSI Cntlr. automatically configured [kcopy-ah-floppy] |
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205 | |
206 | BT742 SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 12 [kcopy-bt-floppy] | |
207 | ||
208 | UHA-14f SCSI Cntlr. or | |
6e371ea2 | 209 | UHA-34f SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 14 5 [kcopy-bt-floppy] |
0fedc42d | 210 | (In FreeBSD GAMMA and before, UHA was on IRQ 11) |
f6c8cb2e | 211 | |
39087e97 | 212 | SCSI Disks sd[0-2] automatically configured |
f6c8cb2e | 213 | |
39087e97 | 214 | SCSI Tapes st[01] automatically configured |
f6c8cb2e | 215 | |
39087e97 | 216 | SCSI CD-ROMs cd0 automatically configured |
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217 | |
218 | Serial Ports com0 0x3f8 4 | |
219 | com1 0x2f8 3 | |
220 | com2 0x3e8 5 | |
221 | com3 0x3f8 9 | |
222 | ||
223 | SMC/WD Ethernet or | |
224 | 3COM 3c503 ed0 0x280 5 iomem 0xd8000 | |
225 | ||
0fedc42d | 226 | NOTE for 386bsd users: the we0 device for the WD80xxyy card has been |
8d525f62 | 227 | replaced with an ed0 device. The default settings of 9/280/d000 have |
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228 | been changed to 5/280/d800 as this address accomdates all of the boards. |
229 | ||
8d525f62 RG |
230 | Novell Ethernet ed0 0x280 5 |
231 | ||
232 | NOTE for 386bsd users: the ne0 device for the NEx000 card has been | |
233 | replaced with an ed0 device. The default settings of 9/300 have | |
234 | been changed to 5/280. | |
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235 | |
236 | ISOLAN ISOLink is0 0x280 10 7 | |
237 | ||
238 | QIC-02 Tape wt0 0x300 5 1 | |
239 | ||
240 | Parallel (Printer) Port | |
241 | lpt0 0x3BC 7 | |
242 | ||
243 | Interruptless Parallel (Printer) Port | |
244 | lpa0 0x378 | |
245 | lpa1 0x278 | |
246 | ||
0fedc42d AM |
247 | N.B.: Disable the lpt interrupt on the board or you will |
248 | have problems using the lpa drivers. | |
249 | ||
250 | Hard-Disk Storage Requirements | |
251 | --------- ------- ------------ | |
252 | ||
253 | The minimum base installation of FreeBSD requires a free hard disk | |
254 | partition with at least 16 MB free space. This is only enough for | |
255 | the three installation disks, which don't support a multi-user | |
256 | shell. | |
257 | ||
258 | The full binary distribution extracts to about 46 MB. | |
259 | The full source distribution extracts to about 72 MB. | |
691e6212 | 260 | The kernel source only extracts to about 7 MB. |
0fedc42d | 261 | To recompile the sources requires an additional 55 MB. |
691e6212 | 262 | To recompile the kernel requires an additional 2 MB. |
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263 | |
264 | Since additional room is required for extracting the distributions, | |
39087e97 AM |
265 | a full binary installation requires a minimum of about 80 MB (46 |
266 | MB extracted + 16 MB archived + 8 MB minimum swap + room for | |
267 | extracting). | |
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268 | |
269 | A complete source + binary distribution requires a minimum of | |
270 | about 210 MB (assuming a minimum 8 MB swap). | |
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271 | |
272 | ||
273 | Getting the System on to Useful Media: | |
274 | ------- --- ------ -- -- ------ ----- | |
275 | ||
276 | Installation is supported from several media types, including: | |
277 | ||
278 | MS-DOS floppies | |
39087e97 | 279 | MS-DOS hard disk (Primary partition) |
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280 | Tape |
281 | NFS partitions | |
282 | FTP | |
e7f1e154 | 283 | Kermit |
f6c8cb2e | 284 | |
0fedc42d | 285 | No matter what you do, however, you'll need at least three disks (1.2M |
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286 | or 1.44M) handy, on which you will put the kernel-copy image and the |
287 | install (or upgrade) floppy images. | |
288 | ||
289 | The images are available from the directory "floppies", under the root | |
73e13afa | 290 | of the FreeBSD/FreeBSD-1.0 tree at your favorite archive site. |
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291 | They're available both as raw disk images, and gzipped, to save time |
292 | downloading. | |
293 | ||
294 | If you are using an AHA-154x or AHA-1742 SCSI host adapter, you need | |
295 | the kcopy-ah-floppy image. If you're using a BT-742 SCSI host adapter | |
296 | or an Ultrastor adaptor, then you'll need the kcopy-bt-floppy image. | |
297 | If you're using MFM/RLL/IDE disk controllers, you can use either | |
298 | kernel-copy floppy image. | |
299 | ||
300 | If you are using UNIX to make the floppies, you should use the command | |
0fedc42d AM |
301 | dd(1) to write the raw floppy images (i.e., kcopy-ah-floppy or |
302 | kcopy-bt-floppy, filesystem-floppy and cpio-floppy) to the floppies. | |
303 | For example, to write kcopy-ah-floppy to a 5.25" 1.2 Mb floppy | |
304 | disk under 386BSD, use: | |
305 | ||
306 | $ dd if=kcopy-ah-floppy of=/dev/fd0a bs=30b count=80 | |
307 | ||
308 | or for a 3.5" 1.44 Mb floppy: | |
309 | ||
310 | $ dd if=kcopy-ah-floppy of=/dev/fd0a bs=36b count=80 | |
311 | ||
312 | If you are using DOS to make the floppies, use the rawrite.exe | |
313 | utility. This can be found in the "tools" subdirectory of the | |
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314 | archive site. Copy rawrite.exe and the binary images to a DOS |
315 | disk, type "rawrite" under MS-DOS and follow the instructions. | |
316 | Rawrite can write binary images to either 1.2MB or 1.44MB | |
317 | MS-DOS-formatted floppies. | |
0fedc42d AM |
318 | |
319 | Any other programs from the tools directory that might be needed | |
39087e97 | 320 | for installing FreeBSD, such as kermit, should be copied to a DOS- |
0fedc42d AM |
321 | formatted floppy (1.2MB or 1.44MB). Under 386BSD, they can be |
322 | copied to floppy using the mcopy command. Under DOS, use the DOS | |
323 | copy command. | |
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324 | |
325 | The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation | |
326 | depend on which method of installation you choose. The various methods | |
327 | are explained below. | |
328 | ||
39087e97 AM |
329 | To prepare for installing via MS-DOS hard disk: |
330 | ||
331 | To prepare FreeBSD for installaton from the MS-DOS C: drive | |
332 | of the hard disk, you need to do the following: | |
333 | ||
334 | If FreeBSD is installed on a hard disk containing | |
335 | a Primary MS-DOS partition (as opposed to an | |
336 | Extended DOS partition), then the FreeBSD distribution | |
337 | files can be read directly from DOS. Preparation | |
338 | is just a matter of copying the FreeBSD distribution | |
339 | files onto DOS C: drive of the hard disk. | |
340 | ||
341 | If FreeBSD is installed on a separate hard disk than | |
342 | MS-DOS, it is not currently possible to read the FreeBSD | |
343 | distribution files directly from DOS. In this case, | |
344 | a different medium should be used. | |
345 | ||
346 | Once you have the files on the C: drive, you can proceed to the | |
347 | next step in the installation process, viz preparing your hard | |
348 | disk. | |
349 | ||
f6c8cb2e | 350 | To prepare for installing via MS-DOS floppies: |
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351 | |
352 | To prepare FreeBSD for installaton from MS-DOS floppies, you | |
353 | need to do the following: | |
354 | ||
0fedc42d AM |
355 | Count the number of "<set>_tgz.xx" files |
356 | you have (these are split, gzip'ed, tar | |
357 | archives). Call this number N. You will | |
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358 | need N/6 1.44M floppies, or N/5 1.2M |
359 | floppies to install the distribution | |
360 | in this manner. For the set of bin files | |
0fedc42d | 361 | (i.e., 80 files) and 1.2 Mb floppies you will |
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362 | need 16 disks. |
363 | ||
364 | Format all of the floppies, with MS-DOS. | |
365 | Don't make any of them MS-DOS bootable | |
39087e97 AM |
366 | floppies (i.e., don't use "format /s"!) |
367 | If you use "format /u" then the format | |
368 | will run a tad faster. | |
f6c8cb2e | 369 | |
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370 | Copy all of the "<set>_tgz.xx" files on |
371 | the DOS disks. Under DOS use the DOS copy | |
372 | command. Under 386BSD, use, for instance, | |
373 | the make_floppies script: | |
374 | ||
375 | #!/bin/sh | |
376 | N_PER_DISK=5 | |
377 | ||
378 | x=$N_PER_DISK | |
379 | for dist in bin_tgz.*; do | |
380 | if [ $x -ge $N_PER_DISK ]; then | |
381 | x=0 | |
39087e97 AM |
382 | echo -n "Insert next disk, " |
383 | echo -n "and press ENTER... " | |
0fedc42d AM |
384 | read reply |
385 | mdel a:/\* | |
386 | fi | |
387 | mcopy $dist a:/ | |
388 | x=`expr $x + 1` | |
389 | done | |
390 | ||
39087e97 | 391 | (Or you might use tar instead). |
0fedc42d | 392 | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
393 | Once you have the files on DOS disks, you can proceed to the |
394 | next step in the installation process, viz preparing your hard | |
395 | disk. | |
396 | ||
397 | To prepare for installing via a tape: | |
398 | ||
399 | To install FreeBSD from a tape, you need to be somehow | |
400 | to get the FreeBSD filesets you wish to install on | |
401 | your system on to the appropriate kind of tape, | |
402 | in tar format. | |
403 | ||
404 | If you're making the tape on a UN*X system, the easiest | |
405 | way to do so is: | |
406 | ||
407 | tar cvf <tape_device> <files> | |
408 | ||
409 | where "<tape_device>" is the name of the tape device | |
0fedc42d AM |
410 | that describes the tape drive you're using (either |
411 | /dev/rst0 for SCSI tape, otherwise /dev/rwt0). | |
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412 | If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator. |
413 | "<files>" are the names of the "<set>.tar.gz.xx" files | |
414 | which you want to be placed on the tape. | |
415 | ||
39087e97 AM |
416 | If your tape drive is not a type recognzed by the |
417 | kernel, then it may be necessary to set the tape density | |
418 | using either the st(1) command (for SCSI tape) or the | |
419 | mt(1) command. Both these programs are available from | |
420 | the tools directory of the FreeBSD archive site. | |
421 | ||
f6c8cb2e RG |
422 | To prepare for installing via an NFS partition: |
423 | ||
424 | NOTE: this method of installation is recommended | |
425 | only for those already familiar with using | |
426 | the BSD network-manipulation commands and | |
427 | interfaces. If you aren't, this documentation | |
428 | should help, but is not intended to be | |
429 | all-encompassing. | |
430 | ||
431 | Place the FreeBSD software you wish to install into | |
432 | a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory | |
433 | mountable by the machine which you will be installing | |
434 | FreeBSD on. This will probably require modifying the | |
435 | /etc/exports file of the NFS server and resetting | |
436 | mountd, acts which will require superuser privileges. | |
437 | Make a note of the numeric IP address of the NFS server | |
438 | and make a note of the router closest to the the new | |
439 | FreeBSD machine if the NFS server is not on a network | |
440 | which is directly attached to the FreeBSD machine. | |
441 | ||
442 | Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next | |
443 | step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk. | |
444 | ||
445 | To prepare for installing via FTP: | |
446 | ||
447 | NOTE: this method of installation is recommended | |
448 | only for those already familiar with using | |
449 | the BSD network-manipulation commands and | |
450 | interfaces. If you aren't, this documentation | |
451 | should help, but is not intended to be | |
452 | all-encompassing. | |
453 | ||
454 | The preparations for this method of installation | |
455 | are easy: all you have to do is make sure that | |
456 | there's some FTP site from which you can retrieve | |
457 | the FreeBSD installation when it's time to do | |
458 | the install. You should know the numeric IP | |
459 | address of that site, and the numeric IP address of | |
460 | your nearest router if the new FreeBSD computer is | |
461 | not on the same net or subnet as the FTP site. | |
462 | ||
463 | Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next | |
464 | step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk. | |
465 | ||
e7f1e154 AM |
466 | To prepare for installing via Kermit: |
467 | ||
468 | The preparations for this method of installation | |
469 | require that the kermit program be put on the | |
470 | dos-floppy installation disk. This will be | |
471 | loaded as part of the minimum base installation. | |
472 | Kermit is available from tools directory of the | |
473 | FreeBSD FTP site. This is a FreeBSD binary and | |
474 | only executes under the FreeBSD operating system. | |
475 | ||
476 | Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next | |
477 | step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk. | |
478 | ||
f6c8cb2e RG |
479 | To upgrade: |
480 | ||
0fedc42d AM |
481 | (The beta upgrade script is available on request from |
482 | FreeBSD-questions@freefall.cdrom.com) | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
483 | |
484 | Preparing your Hard Disk for FreeBSD Installation: | |
485 | --------- ---- ---- ---- --- ------ ------------ | |
486 | ||
487 | NOTE: If you wish to install FreeBSD on your whole drive, (i.e. you do | |
488 | not want DOS or any other operating system on your hard disk), you can | |
489 | skip this section, and go on to "Installing the FreeBSD System." | |
490 | ||
491 | Firstly, be sure you have a reliable backup of any data which you may | |
492 | want to keep; repartitioning your hard drive is an excellent way to | |
493 | destroy important data. | |
494 | ||
495 | WARNING: If you are using a disk controller which supports disk | |
496 | geometry translation, BE SURE TO USE THE SAME PARAMETERS FOR FreeBSD AS | |
497 | FOR DOS! If you do not, FreeBSD will not be able to properly coexist | |
498 | with DOS. | |
499 | ||
0fedc42d | 500 | Secondly, make sure your disk has at least 16 Mbytes free space (or |
39087e97 | 501 | 80 Mbytes for the complete binary distribition). |
f6c8cb2e RG |
502 | |
503 | You are now set to install FreeBSD on your hard drive. | |
504 | ||
f6c8cb2e RG |
505 | Installing the FreeBSD System: |
506 | ---------- --- ------ ------ | |
507 | ||
0fedc42d AM |
508 | If DOS or OS/2 is already installed on the hard disk, installation should |
509 | be easy. By default FreeBSD is installed after the last DOS or OS/2 | |
510 | partition. Otherwise, you may need to specify your hard disk's geometry | |
511 | (i.e., number of cylinders, heads and sectors per track). | |
f6c8cb2e | 512 | |
0fedc42d | 513 | For computing partition sizes, it might help to have a calculator handy. |
f6c8cb2e | 514 | |
0fedc42d | 515 | And it's finally time to install the system! |
f6c8cb2e RG |
516 | |
517 | The following is a walk-through of the steps necessary to get FreeBSD | |
518 | installed on your hard disk. If you wish to stop the installation, you | |
0fedc42d AM |
519 | may hit Control-C at any prompt and then type `halt'. |
520 | ||
521 | Boot from the kcopy-ah or kcopy-bt floppy, depending on | |
522 | your hard disk controller type. | |
523 | ||
524 | When prompted to insert the filesystem floppy, remove the | |
525 | kcopy floppy from the drive and insert filesystem floppy | |
526 | and hit any key. | |
527 | N.B.: The filesystem floppy must not be write protected. | |
528 | ||
529 | [When booting, if no message prompt appears after a | |
530 | reasonable period of time, reboot and try it again. If | |
531 | this doesn't work, try disabling your CPU's internal and | |
532 | external caches, and then try to boot again. If there is | |
533 | still no message prompt, then you can't install FreeBSD | |
534 | on your hardware. If you were able to install 386bsd, | |
535 | this is definitely a bug in our software; please report | |
536 | it! Please include your system configuration, and any | |
537 | other relevant information in your bug report.] | |
538 | ||
539 | The boot sequence continues after the filesystem floppy | |
540 | has been inserted. A copyright notice is displayed along | |
541 | with a list of the hardware that FreeBSD recognizes as | |
542 | being in your machine. You might want to make a note of | |
543 | the disk values for cylinders, heads, sectors etc for | |
544 | later use. | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
545 | |
546 | After a short while (approximately 30 to 60 seconds), you | |
547 | should see a welcome message and a prompt, asking if you | |
548 | wish to proceed with the installation. | |
549 | ||
550 | If you wish to proceed, enter "y" and then return. | |
551 | ||
552 | You will then be asked what type of disk drive you have. | |
0fedc42d | 553 | The valid options are listed on the screen (e.g., SCSI, ESDI). |
f6c8cb2e RG |
554 | |
555 | You will then be asked for a label name for your disk. | |
556 | This should be a short, one-word name for your disk, | |
39087e97 | 557 | e.g., "cp3100-mine" for a Conner Peripherals "3100" disk. |
f6c8cb2e RG |
558 | You needn't remember this name. |
559 | ||
0fedc42d AM |
560 | Next, you will be prompted for the geometry information. |
561 | The default values should be correct, in which case just | |
562 | hit ENTER to accept them. Otherwise enter the values | |
563 | that were displayed during the boot sequence as they are | |
564 | requested. | |
f6c8cb2e | 565 | |
0fedc42d AM |
566 | The default size of the FreeBSD portion of the disk |
567 | is the maximum available at the end of the disk (which may | |
568 | be the whole disk). Accept the default by hitting ENTER. | |
569 | Otherwise, enter an appropriate value using the information | |
570 | displayed. | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
571 | |
572 | If you are not installing on the whole disk, you will be | |
573 | asked for the offset of the FreeBSD partition from the | |
0fedc42d AM |
574 | beginning of the disk. Again, hit ENTER to accept the |
575 | default, or enter a cylinder offset from the beginning of | |
576 | the disk. | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
577 | |
578 | You will then be asked for the size of your root partition, | |
0fedc42d AM |
579 | in cylinders. The suggested maximum size is 15 Mbytes |
580 | which is used as a default. Accept this, or enter a | |
581 | suitable value (after converting to cylinders using the | |
582 | formula displayed). | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
583 | |
584 | Next, you will be asked for the size of your swap partition | |
585 | - again, you must calculate this in cylinders. You should | |
586 | probably allocate around twice as much swap space as you | |
39087e97 | 587 | have RAM memory. If you wish the system to save crash dumps |
f6c8cb2e RG |
588 | when it panics, you will need at least as much swap as you |
589 | have RAM. | |
590 | ||
591 | The install program will then ask you for information about | |
592 | the rest of the partitions you want on your disk. For the | |
593 | purposes of this document, you only want one more: /usr. | |
594 | Therefore, at the prompt, when in asks you to enter the size | |
595 | of the next partition, enter the number of cylinders remaining | |
596 | in the FreeBSD portion of the disk. When it asks you for the | |
597 | mount point for this partition, say "/usr". | |
598 | ||
39087e97 AM |
599 | After the FreeBSD partition have been assigned, install checks |
600 | the disk for an MS-DOS partition. If one exists, you are prompted | |
601 | whether to make this accessible from FreeBSD (i.e., for reading | |
602 | and writing). And if you choose to make the DOS partition | |
603 | accessible, you are prompted for what directory it should | |
604 | be mounted on. "/dos" is used by default. With this | |
605 | choice, you could copy the contents of the DOS root | |
606 | directory (i.e., C:\), for instance, with the Unix command: | |
607 | ||
608 | # cp /dos/* . | |
609 | ||
610 | If have you a DOS partition and you don't want it visible | |
611 | from FreeBSD, just respond with "n" when asked whether to | |
612 | make it accessible. | |
613 | ||
f6c8cb2e RG |
614 | YOU ARE NOW AT THE POINT OF NO RETURN. |
615 | ||
616 | If you confirm that you want to install FreeBSD, your hard | |
617 | drive will be modified, and perhaps it contents scrambled at | |
618 | the whim of the install program. This is especially likely | |
619 | if you gave the install program incorrect information. | |
39087e97 AM |
620 | Enter "no" at the prompt to get the option of redoing the |
621 | configuration, using your previous choices as defaults. | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
622 | |
623 | If you are sure you want to proceed, enter "yes" at the prompt. | |
624 | ||
39087e97 AM |
625 | The install program now makes the filesystems you specified. |
626 | If all goes well, there should be no errors in this section | |
627 | of the installation. If there are, restart from the the | |
628 | beginning of the installation process. | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
629 | |
630 | After the installation program prompts you to see if you'd | |
631 | like to be told about all of the files it's going to copy | |
632 | to your hard drive, it will spend a few minutes copying these | |
633 | files and then will print out an informative message and | |
634 | place you at a "#" prompt. | |
635 | ||
0fedc42d | 636 | Read the message and note which partition (e.g., sd0a or wd0a) |
f6c8cb2e RG |
637 | you need to copy a kernel to. Reboot the machine off the |
638 | kcopy-xx-floppy disk, but this time at the prompt asking | |
639 | you to insert a file system floppy, do _not_ replace the | |
640 | floppy, just press <enter>. | |
641 | ||
642 | At the "kc>" prompt, enter "copy" to prepare to copy the | |
643 | kernel on the floppy to your hard disk. | |
644 | ||
645 | At the next "kc>" prompt, enter the disk partition to which | |
0fedc42d | 646 | you want to copy the kernel. (e.g., sd0a or wd0a). |
f6c8cb2e RG |
647 | |
648 | It will work for a minute or two, then present you with | |
0fedc42d | 649 | another "#" prompt. Follow the instructions given, (i.e., |
f6c8cb2e RG |
650 | halt the system) and reboot from the hard disk. You will |
651 | probably have to do a hardware reset or else your ethernet | |
0fedc42d | 652 | card might not be recognised at reboot (e.g., if you have a |
f6c8cb2e RG |
653 | WD8003EP card). |
654 | ||
655 | When the machine boots, a three-line banner should appear at | |
656 | the top of the screen. In a few seconds, a series of | |
657 | messages will appear, describing the hardware in your machine. | |
658 | Once again, this stage can take up to two minutes, so DO NOT | |
659 | PANIC! | |
660 | ||
661 | You will be asked to insert the cpio-floppy into a floppy | |
662 | drive, and enter that drive's number. "0" corresponds to | |
663 | DOS's "A:" drive, "1" corresponds to DOS's "B:" drive. | |
664 | ||
665 | After you enter the number it will ask you if you'd like to | |
666 | watch its progress, and after you answer this question it | |
667 | will begin installing still more files on your hard disk. | |
668 | This should take no more than 3 minutes. | |
669 | ||
e7f1e154 AM |
670 | You are given the option to load the dos-floppy disk. |
671 | In particular, if you want to use kermit for downloading | |
672 | the distribution, the dos-floppy should have the kermit | |
39087e97 AM |
673 | binary. Or if you are using SCSI tape, the dos-floppy should |
674 | contain the st command. | |
675 | ||
676 | To load the dos-floppy, remove the cpio-floppy from the | |
e7f1e154 AM |
677 | drive, insert the dos-floppy and enter a "yes" response |
678 | at the prompt. Otherwise, enter "no" at the prompt. | |
679 | ||
680 | After the dos-floppy has been loaded, you are given (more) | |
681 | instructions, (e.g., to halt the system) and you should | |
682 | reboot the machine again, from the hard drive and probably | |
683 | with a hardware reset to kick your ethernet card back into | |
684 | life. | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
685 | |
686 | CONGRATULATIONS: You now have the minimum base of FreeBSD | |
687 | files on your hard disk! Now you get to install the | |
688 | distribution file sets. Remember that, at minimum, you must | |
689 | install the bin.tar.gz.xx file set (see below for | |
690 | instructions). | |
691 | ||
692 | After the machine is done booting, you will be presented | |
693 | with a screenful of information about what to do next. | |
694 | ||
695 | What you do from this point on depends on which media you're | |
696 | using to install FreeBSD. Follow the appropriate | |
697 | instructions, given below. | |
698 | ||
39087e97 | 699 | To install from MS-DOS hard disk partition, floppy or tape: |
f6c8cb2e RG |
700 | |
701 | The first thing you should do is to choose a temporary | |
702 | directory where the distribution files can be stored. | |
703 | To do this, use the command "set_tmp_dir" and enter | |
704 | your choice. The default is /usr/distrib. | |
705 | ||
706 | After you have chosen a temporary directory, | |
707 | you should issue the appropriate load command: | |
708 | ||
39087e97 AM |
709 | load_fd - for loading from a MS-DOS hard disk |
710 | partition, or from floppies, | |
f6c8cb2e | 711 | |
39087e97 AM |
712 | load_qic_tape - for loading from QIC-02 tape, or |
713 | ||
714 | load_scsi_tape - for you're loading from the first | |
715 | SCSI tape drive in the system. | |
f6c8cb2e | 716 | |
39087e97 AM |
717 | If loading from tape, it may be necessary to first |
718 | set the default density using the mt or st command. | |
719 | The low-density device (/dev/rst0 or /dev/rmt0) | |
720 | is used by the load_xx_tape command, so to prepare | |
721 | a SCSI device for reading QIC-150 tape, you might use: | |
f6c8cb2e | 722 | |
39087e97 AM |
723 | # st -f /dev/nrst0 rewind |
724 | # st -f /dev/nrst0 low_dnsty 16 | |
725 | # load_scsi_tape | |
f6c8cb2e | 726 | |
39087e97 AM |
727 | If loading from floppy or hard disk, the load_fd |
728 | command prompts for information, such as to which | |
729 | floppy drive or hard disk directory to load from. | |
730 | Additional options are available, e.g., for listing | |
731 | and, if loading from hard disk, changing source | |
732 | directories. | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
733 | |
734 | Go to the directory which contains the first | |
735 | distribution set you wish to install. This is | |
39087e97 AM |
736 | either the directory you specified above, if using |
737 | load_fd, or possibly a subdirectory of that | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
738 | directory, if you loaded from tape. |
739 | ||
740 | When there, run "set_tmp_dir" again, and choose | |
741 | the default temporary directory, by hitting | |
742 | return at the prompt. | |
743 | ||
744 | Run the "extract" command, giving it as its sole | |
745 | argument the name of the distribution set you | |
746 | wish to extract. For example, to extract the binary | |
747 | distribution, use the command: | |
748 | ||
749 | extract bin | |
750 | ||
751 | and to extract the source distribution: | |
752 | ||
753 | extract src | |
754 | ||
755 | After the extraction is complete, go to the location | |
756 | of the next set you want to extract, "set_tmp_dir" | |
757 | again, and once again issue the appropriate | |
758 | extract command. Continue this process until | |
759 | you've finished installing all of the sets which you | |
760 | desire to have on your hard disk. | |
761 | ||
762 | After each set is finished, if you know that you | |
763 | are running low on space you can remove the | |
764 | distribution files for that set by saying: | |
765 | ||
766 | rm <set>* | |
767 | ||
768 | For example, if you wish to remove the distribution | |
769 | files for the binarydist set, after the "extract bin" | |
770 | command has completed, issue the command: | |
771 | ||
772 | rm bin* | |
773 | ||
774 | Once you have extracted all sets and are at the "#" prompt | |
775 | again, proceed to the section "Configuring Your System," | |
776 | below. | |
777 | ||
778 | To install via FTP or NFS: | |
779 | ||
780 | First you must decide on a temporary directory to hold | |
781 | the <set>.tar.gz.xx files. The directory /usr/distrib | |
782 | is suggested. You should cd to it, if necessary do | |
783 | a mkdir first. Use set_tmp_dir to identify this | |
784 | directory to the install process. | |
785 | ||
786 | Configure the appropriate ethernet interface (e.g. ed0, | |
787 | ne0, etc.) up, with a command like: | |
788 | ||
789 | ifconfig <ifname> <ipaddr> [netmask <netmask>] | |
790 | ||
791 | where <ifname> is the interface name (e.g. ed0, etc.), | |
792 | and <ipaddr> is the numeric IP address of the interface. | |
793 | If the interface has a special netmask, supply | |
794 | the word "netmask" and that netmask at the end of the | |
795 | command line. For instance, without a special netmask: | |
796 | ||
797 | ifconfig ed0 129.133.10.10 | |
798 | ||
799 | or with a special netmask | |
800 | ||
801 | ifconfig ed0 128.32.240.167 netmask 0xffffff00 | |
802 | ||
803 | or the equivalent | |
804 | ||
805 | ifconfig ed0 128.32.240.167 netmask 255.255.255.0 | |
806 | ||
807 | If you are using the AUI connector on a 3C503 card, you | |
808 | must also set the LLC0 flag (the default is to use the BNC | |
809 | connector): | |
810 | ||
811 | ifconfig ed0 130.252.23.86 llc0 | |
812 | ||
813 | If the NFS server or FTP server is not on a directly- | |
814 | connected network, you should set up a route to it | |
815 | with the command: | |
816 | ||
817 | route add default <gate_ipaddr> | |
818 | ||
819 | where <gate_ipaddr> is your gateway's numeric IP address. | |
820 | ||
821 | If you are NFS-mounting the distribution sets, | |
822 | mount them on the temporary directory with the command: | |
823 | ||
824 | mount -t nfs <serv_ipaddr>:<dist_dir> <tmp_dir> | |
825 | ||
826 | where <serv_ipaddr> is the server's numeric IP address, | |
827 | <dist_dir> is the path to the distribution files on | |
828 | the server, and <tmp_dir> is the name of the local | |
0fedc42d AM |
829 | temporary directory (e.g., /usr/distrib). Proceed as if |
830 | you had loaded the files from tape, "cd"ing to the | |
831 | appropriate directories and running "set_tmp_dir" and | |
832 | "extract" as appropriate. | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
833 | |
834 | If you are retrieving the distribution sets using ftp, | |
835 | cd into the temp directory, and execute the command: | |
836 | ||
837 | ftp <serv_ipaddr> | |
838 | ||
0fedc42d AM |
839 | where <serv_ipaddr> is the server's numeric IP address. |
840 | Get the files with FTP, taking care to use binary mode | |
841 | to transfer all files. A simple set of commands is | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
842 | |
843 | ftp <serv_ipaddr> | |
0fedc42d AM |
844 | user ftp |
845 | passwd <user-id>@ | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
846 | hash |
847 | binary | |
0fedc42d AM |
848 | prompt |
849 | cd <where/the/binarydist/files/are> | |
850 | mget * | |
851 | cd <where/the/sourcedist/files/are> | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
852 | mget * |
853 | quit | |
854 | ||
855 | Once you have all of the files for the distribution sets | |
856 | that you wish to install, you can proceed using the | |
857 | instructions above as if you had installed the files | |
858 | from a floppy. | |
859 | ||
e7f1e154 AM |
860 | To install via Kermit: |
861 | ||
862 | First you must decide on a temporary directory to hold | |
863 | the <set>.tar.gz.xx files. The directory /usr/distrib | |
864 | is suggested. You should cd to it, if necessary do | |
865 | a mkdir first. Use set_tmp_dir to identify this | |
866 | directory to the install process. | |
867 | ||
868 | Invoke kermit and dial the remote kermit server. | |
869 | A typical session might be: | |
870 | # stty -f /dev/sio01 clocal | |
871 | # kermit | |
39087e97 | 872 | C-Kermit> set file type binary |
e7f1e154 AM |
873 | C-Kermit> set line /dev/sio01 |
874 | C-Kermit> set baud 9600 | |
875 | C-Kermit> set receive packet 740 | |
876 | C-Kermit> set window 4 | |
877 | C-Kermit> set block 2 | |
878 | C-Kermit> connect | |
879 | Connecting to /dev/sio01, speed 9600. | |
880 | The escape character is Ctrl-\ (ASCII 28, FS) | |
881 | Type the escape character followed by C to get back, | |
882 | or followed by ? to see other options. | |
883 | atdt 1234567 <-- dial the remote | |
884 | Connect 9600 | |
885 | login: mylogin <-- login to the remote | |
39087e97 AM |
886 | [...] |
887 | remote$ kermit -ix <-- remote kermit as binary server | |
888 | [...] | |
e7f1e154 AM |
889 | ^\C <-- return to local kermit |
890 | C-Kermit> get bin_tgz* <-- request files from remote | |
39087e97 | 891 | [...] (wait long for transfer to complete) |
e7f1e154 AM |
892 | C-Kermit> finish <-- terminate remote server |
893 | C-Kermit> connect | |
894 | C-Kermit> exit <-- exit remote kermit | |
895 | remote$ exit <-- exit remote host | |
896 | ^\C <-- return to local kermit | |
897 | C-Kermit> exit <-- exit local kermit | |
898 | ||
899 | At this point the binary distribution should be | |
900 | downloaded to the FreeBSD system. Run the "extract" | |
901 | command, giving it as its sole argument the name | |
902 | of the distribution set you wish to extract. For | |
903 | example, to extract the binary distribution, use | |
904 | the command: | |
905 | ||
906 | extract bin | |
907 | ||
908 | and to extract the source distribution: | |
909 | ||
910 | extract src | |
911 | ||
912 | After the extraction is complete, go to the location | |
913 | of the next set you want to extract, "set_tmp_dir" | |
914 | again, and once again issue the appropriate | |
915 | extract command. Continue this process until | |
916 | you've finished installing all of the sets which you | |
917 | desire to have on your hard disk. | |
918 | ||
919 | After each set is finished, if you know that you | |
920 | are running low on space you can remove the | |
921 | distribution files for that set by saying: | |
922 | ||
923 | rm <set>* | |
924 | ||
925 | For example, if you wish to remove the distribution | |
926 | files for the binarydist set, after the "extract bin" | |
927 | command has completed, issue the command: | |
928 | ||
929 | rm bin* | |
930 | ||
931 | Once you have extracted all sets and are at the "#" prompt | |
932 | again, proceed to the section "Configuring Your System," | |
933 | below. | |
934 | ||
935 | ||
936 | Further Tips on Installing FreeBSD | |
937 | ------- ---- -- ---------- ------- | |
938 | ||
f6c8cb2e RG |
939 | You might wish to install the binarydist first, get that |
940 | working, and then at a later point in time have a go at | |
941 | installing the sourcedist. BEFORE YOU REBOOT AFTER INSTALLING | |
942 | THE BINARYDIS, you must preserve the commands that do the | |
943 | extracting. They are kept in the single-user-mode .profile | |
0fedc42d | 944 | file called /.profile. Proceed like this: |
f6c8cb2e RG |
945 | |
946 | mv /.profile /.profile.install | |
947 | ln /root/.profile /.profile | |
948 | ||
949 | When you are ready to install the sourcedist at some time | |
0fedc42d AM |
950 | in the future, get into multi-user mode (i.e., the normal |
951 | means of running FreeBSD) and issue these commands: | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
952 | |
953 | cp /.profile.install /.profile | |
954 | shutdown now | |
955 | ||
956 | This will cause the system to go into single-user mode, and | |
0fedc42d | 957 | the install profile will be active (i.e., you will find the |
f6c8cb2e RG |
958 | commands load_fd, extract etc available to you again). |
959 | ||
39087e97 AM |
960 | If your disk has several operating systems, you may want |
961 | to install a boot manager such as Thomas Wolfram's os-bs | |
962 | for selecting which system to boot. os-bs135.exe and other | |
963 | boot managers are available from the tools directory of | |
964 | the FreeBSD FTP site. os-bs works well with DOS, OS/2, | |
965 | FreeBSD and other systems, however, it cannot currently | |
966 | be used to boot FreeBSD from a second hard disk. Another | |
967 | boot manager, such as boot-easy should be used. | |
968 | ||
969 | To install, for instance, os-bs, boot the system with | |
970 | MS-DOS and insert the dos-floppy containing os-bs135.exe | |
971 | in floppy drive A:. Then enter the DOS commands: | |
691e6212 AM |
972 | > A: |
973 | > os-bs135 | |
974 | > cd os-bs | |
975 | > os-bs | |
976 | A menu should now appear on the screen. Use the cursor keys | |
39087e97 | 977 | to highlight the install option, hit ENTER, and follow the |
691e6212 AM |
978 | instructions from there. |
979 | ||
980 | For more information about the ob-bs program, including its | |
981 | capabilities and limitations, see the file `readme.1st' in the | |
982 | os-bs directory. | |
983 | ||
984 | If your disk has several operating systems and you choose | |
985 | not to install os-bs, then fdisk can be used to change | |
986 | the boot system. This is done by making the primary | |
987 | partition for the boot system active. FreeBSD has an | |
988 | fdisk command that can be used for this purpose as well. | |
989 | ||
f6c8cb2e RG |
990 | |
991 | Configuring Your System: | |
992 | ----------- ---- ------ | |
993 | ||
994 | Once you have finished extracting all of the distribution sets that you | |
995 | want on your hard drive and are back at the "#" prompt, you are ready | |
996 | to configure your system. | |
997 | ||
998 | The configuration utility expects that you have installed the base | |
999 | system. If you have not, you will not be able to run it successfully | |
1000 | (nor will you have a functional system regardless of configuration). | |
1001 | ||
1002 | To configure the newly installed operating system, run the command | |
1003 | "configure". | |
1004 | ||
1005 | Configure will ask for the machine's hostname, domain name, and other | |
0fedc42d AM |
1006 | network configuration information. You should check that configure has |
1007 | set up the following files correctly: | |
1008 | ||
1009 | /etc/netstart | |
1010 | /etc/myname | |
f6c8cb2e RG |
1011 | |
1012 | Once you have supplied configure all that it requests, your machine | |
1013 | will be configured well enough that when you reboot it it will be a | |
1014 | completely functional FreeBSD system. It is not completely configured, | |
1015 | however; you should adjust the /etc/sendmail.cf file as necessary to | |
1016 | suit your site and/or disable sendmail in /etc/rc and you should look | |
1017 | in /etc/netstart to make sure the flags are defined correctly for your | |
1018 | site. You might wish to set up several other tcp/ip files, such as | |
1019 | ||
1020 | /etc/resolv.conf | |
1021 | /etc/networks | |
1022 | ||
1023 | Once you are done with configuration, reboot with the "reboot" command. | |
1024 | ||
1025 | When it boots off of the hard drive, you will have a complete FreeBSD | |
1026 | system! CONGRATULATIONS! (You really deserve them!!!) | |
1027 | ||
1028 | ||
1029 | Administrivia: | |
1030 | ------------- | |
1031 | ||
1032 | Registration? What's that? | |
1033 | ||
1034 | If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. | |
1035 | ||
1036 | Please send random comments to: | |
1037 | ||
efd33f2c | 1038 | FreeBSD-questions@freefall.cdrom.com |
f6c8cb2e RG |
1039 | |
1040 | Please send bug reports, and that sort of material to: | |
1041 | ||
1042 | FreeBSD-bugs@freefall.cdrom.com | |
1043 | ||
1044 | If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how | |
1045 | you could be useful, send mail to: | |
1046 | ||
1047 | FreeBSD-hackers@freefall.cdrom.com | |
1048 | ||
1049 | THANKS FOR USING THIS; that's what makes it all worthwhile. | |
1050 | ||
1051 | [a favor: Please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists, | |
1052 | as they will end up in our personal mail spools. We will be | |
1053 | happy to make other arrangements] | |
1054 | ||
73e13afa | 1055 | This is $Id: install_notes,v 1.10 1993/10/16 12:05:51 rgrimes Exp $ |