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1 INSTALLATION NOTES
2 FreeBSD
3 Release 1.0
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4
5These notes have been prepared from those written originally for NetBSD
60.9. The conversion was done by someone who has had experience with
7installing and upgrading 386bsd, but who is not a unix guru, so there
8will be slant towards this experience. Corrections/updates are
9welcomed, it is difficult/impossible to test every last hardware
10combination.
11
12Be sure to read _ALL_ of this document before you try to install
13FreeBSD. FreeBSD probably looks a bit similar to things that you've
14seen before (perhaps 386BSD), but the installation procedures are quite
15different.
16
17
18FreeBSD 1.0 Release Contents:
19------- --- ------- --------
20
21The FreeBSD 1.0 Release consists of the following elements:
22
23Bootable Kernel-copy floppies
24
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25 These disks are bootable and have enough utilities on
26 board to copy a new kernel to a prepared hard disk. While
27 they are primarily intended for installing FreeBSD, they
28 also make upgrading to a new kernel easy: boot from it,
29 and copy a new kernel to disk.
30
31 You must choose between one of two kernel-copy floppy
32 images, depending on your disk controller type. The
33 "kcopy-ah-floppy" image supports the Adaptec 154x and 1742
34 SCSI adapters, while "kcopy-bt-floppy" supports the Bustek
35 742 and Ultrastore SCSI adapters. For systems with only
36 MFM, RLL, ESDI or IDE disk controllers, either image can
37 be used.
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38
39Installation floppies
40
39087e97 41 In addition to a bootable floppy, currently two additional
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42 disks are required to prepare your hard drive for FreeBSD
43 and to install the FreeBSD distribution. Like the boot
44 floppies, these are distributed as binary images. They are
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45 are referred to below as the "filesystem-floppy" and the
46 "cpio-floppy".
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47
48 There is also an optional fourth installation disk referred
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49 to as the "dos-floppy". Unlike the other install disks,
50 there is no binary image for the dos floppy. Instead this
51 is a regular MS-DOS-formatted floppy disk containing any
52 FreeBSD programs you choose to copy to it using mtools or
53 even the DOS copy command. The most commonly requested
54 programs have been put in a tools directory at FreeBSD
55 archives sites.
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56
57Upgrade floppies
58
0fedc42d 59 These facilitate upgrading to FreeBSD from any previous
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60 patch-kit level of 386BSD 0.1. They are still in testing,
61 but should be available by the time you read this from
62 the tools/upgrade directory at FreeBSD archive sites.
63 [the current version is:
64 tools/upgrade/386BSD-to-FreeBSD-update-LATE-BETA.tar.gz]
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65
66FreeBSD distribution sets
67
0fedc42d 68 These collections contain the complete FreeBSD system and
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69 utilities in source and binary form. There are three
70 separate sets: the FreeBSD binaries, the FreeBSD sources,
71 and the DES sources+binaries. The DES set contains only
72 crypt(3) code and is subject to U.S.A. export restrictions.
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73
74 The binary distribution set can be found in the "binarydist"
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75 subdirectory of the FreeBSD archive sites. It consists
76 of files named bin_tgz.aa to bin_tgz.db (i.e., 80 files
77 all told). A CKSUMS file (* see note below) is included
78 for verifying the integrity of these.
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79
80 The source distribution sets can be found in under
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81 "sourcedist" subdirectory of archive sites. It is consists
82 of files named src_tgz.aa to src_tgz.cp (i.e., 68 files
83 all told), plus file CKSUMS*.
0fedc42d 84
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85 Finally, the security distribution set contains
86 usr/src/libcrypt/*, the source files for the DES encryption
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87 algorithm, and the binaries which depend on it. It can
88 be found in the "securedist" subdirectory on sites which
89 choose to carry the complete FreeBSD distribution.
90
91 The individual files in each collection are no more than
92 235 Kbytes in size. (The last file is just long enough
93 to contain the rest of the data for that distribution
94 set.)
95
96 Each collection is a split, gzip'ed tar archive. They
97 are reassembled and extracted by the install procedure.
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98 However, to view them without installing FreeBSD, you can
99 use, e.g., the command line:
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100
101 cat bin* | gunzip | tar tvf - | more
102
0fedc42d 103 or to extract the files themselves:
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104
105 cat bin* | gunzip | tar xvfp -
106
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107 Using this method, the files are extracted in the current
108 directory. So to install the binary distribution, for
109 instance, you have to run the "tar xvfp" from the root
110 directory (/).
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111
112 In each of the distribution directories, there is a file
113 named "CKSUMS" which contains the checksums of the files
114 in that directory, as generated by the cksum(1) command.
115 You can use cksum to verify the integrity of the archives,
116 if you suspect one of the files is corrupted.
117
118 N.B.: The CKSUMS files are produced using the 4.4BSD
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119 version of cksum which is POSIX-compliant. The values in
120 these file do not match the cksums generated by the 386BSD 0.1
121 version of cksum (which is based on an earlier "standard").
122 A copy of the new cksum binary that will run on
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123 386bsd/Netbsd/FreeBSD can be found in the "tools" subdirectory
124 of the distribution.
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125
126
127System Requirements and Supported Devices:
128------ ------------ --- --------- -------
129
130FreeBSD 1.0 runs on ISA (AT-Bus) and EISA systems, with 386 and 486
131processors, with or without math coprocessors. It does NOT support
132Micro-channel systems, such as some IBM PS/2 systems. The minimal
39087e97 133configuration includes 4Meg of RAM, and an 80Meg hard disk, but to
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134install the entire system you'll need much more disk space, and to run
135X or compile the system more RAM is recommended. (4Meg will actually
136allow you to run X and/or compile, but it's extremely slow.)
137
138Supported devices include:
139
140 Standard floppy controllers
9ab0a24f 141
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142 Standard hard disk controllers:
143 MFM
144 ESDI
145 IDE
146 RLL
9ab0a24f 147
f6c8cb2e 148 SCSI hard disk controllers:
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149 Adaptec 154x series * [kcopy-ah-floppy]
150 Adaptec 174x series
151 Buslogic 545S
152 Bustek 742 (EISA) [kcopy-bt-floppy]
153 DTC 3290 in 1542 emulation mode *
154 Ultrastor 14f and 34f
155
156 * Your system can NOT have more than 16MB of memory with
157 these controllers.
158
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159 Display Adaptors:
160 MDA
161 CGA
162 VGA (and SVGA)
163 HGC
9ab0a24f 164
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165 Serial communications ports
166 8250
167 16450
168 16550A
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169 [4-port multi-serial cards - require kernel built
170 with MULTI_PORT option]
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171 [We do not support the Intel 82501 serial chip used
172 in some PC's at this time]
173
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174 Ethernet controllers
175 SMC/WD 8003, 8013, and equivalents
176 (including the SMC "Elite" series)
177 Novell NE1000, NE2000
178 3COM 3c503
179 ISOLAN ISOLink
9ab0a24f 180
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181 Tape drives:
182 QIC-02 format tape drives
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183 most SCSI tape/DAT drives
184 [an early QIC-40 or QIC-80 tape driver exists,
185 but is not yet incorporated into FreeBSD]
9ab0a24f 186
f6c8cb2e 187 CD-ROM drives:
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188 Mitsumi CDROM drive with Mitsumi Controller
189 Most SCSI CD-ROM drives on a supported SCSI controller
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190
191To be detected by the distributed kernels, the devices must
192be configured as follows: (Note: IRQ 9 is the same as IRQ 2
193on ISA/EISA based machines)
194
195Device Name Port IRQ DRQ Misc
196------ ---- ---- --- --- ----
9ab0a24f 197Floppy Cntlr. fd0 0x3f0 6 2
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198
199Std. Hard Disk Cntlr.
9ab0a24f 200 wd0 0x1f0 14
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201
202AHA-154x SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 11 5 [kcopy-ah-floppy]
203
39087e97 204AHA-174x SCSI Cntlr. automatically configured [kcopy-ah-floppy]
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205
206BT742 SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 12 [kcopy-bt-floppy]
207
208UHA-14f SCSI Cntlr. or
6e371ea2 209UHA-34f SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 14 5 [kcopy-bt-floppy]
0fedc42d 210(In FreeBSD GAMMA and before, UHA was on IRQ 11)
f6c8cb2e 211
39087e97 212SCSI Disks sd[0-2] automatically configured
f6c8cb2e 213
39087e97 214SCSI Tapes st[01] automatically configured
f6c8cb2e 215
39087e97 216SCSI CD-ROMs cd0 automatically configured
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217
218Serial Ports com0 0x3f8 4
219 com1 0x2f8 3
220 com2 0x3e8 5
221 com3 0x3f8 9
222
223SMC/WD Ethernet or
2243COM 3c503 ed0 0x280 5 iomem 0xd8000
225
0fedc42d 226NOTE for 386bsd users: the we0 device for the WD80xxyy card has been
8d525f62 227replaced with an ed0 device. The default settings of 9/280/d000 have
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228been changed to 5/280/d800 as this address accomdates all of the boards.
229
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230Novell Ethernet ed0 0x280 5
231
232NOTE for 386bsd users: the ne0 device for the NEx000 card has been
233replaced with an ed0 device. The default settings of 9/300 have
234been changed to 5/280.
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235
236ISOLAN ISOLink is0 0x280 10 7
237
238QIC-02 Tape wt0 0x300 5 1
239
240Parallel (Printer) Port
241 lpt0 0x3BC 7
242
243Interruptless Parallel (Printer) Port
244 lpa0 0x378
245 lpa1 0x278
246
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247N.B.: Disable the lpt interrupt on the board or you will
248have problems using the lpa drivers.
249
250Hard-Disk Storage Requirements
251--------- ------- ------------
252
253The minimum base installation of FreeBSD requires a free hard disk
254partition with at least 16 MB free space. This is only enough for
255the three installation disks, which don't support a multi-user
256shell.
257
258The full binary distribution extracts to about 46 MB.
259The full source distribution extracts to about 72 MB.
691e6212 260The kernel source only extracts to about 7 MB.
0fedc42d 261To recompile the sources requires an additional 55 MB.
691e6212 262To recompile the kernel requires an additional 2 MB.
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263
264Since additional room is required for extracting the distributions,
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265a full binary installation requires a minimum of about 80 MB (46
266MB extracted + 16 MB archived + 8 MB minimum swap + room for
267extracting).
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268
269A complete source + binary distribution requires a minimum of
270about 210 MB (assuming a minimum 8 MB swap).
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271
272
273Getting the System on to Useful Media:
274------- --- ------ -- -- ------ -----
275
276Installation is supported from several media types, including:
277
278 MS-DOS floppies
39087e97 279 MS-DOS hard disk (Primary partition)
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280 Tape
281 NFS partitions
282 FTP
e7f1e154 283 Kermit
f6c8cb2e 284
0fedc42d 285No matter what you do, however, you'll need at least three disks (1.2M
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286or 1.44M) handy, on which you will put the kernel-copy image and the
287install (or upgrade) floppy images.
288
289The images are available from the directory "floppies", under the root
73e13afa 290of the FreeBSD/FreeBSD-1.0 tree at your favorite archive site.
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291They're available both as raw disk images, and gzipped, to save time
292downloading.
293
294If you are using an AHA-154x or AHA-1742 SCSI host adapter, you need
295the kcopy-ah-floppy image. If you're using a BT-742 SCSI host adapter
296or an Ultrastor adaptor, then you'll need the kcopy-bt-floppy image.
297If you're using MFM/RLL/IDE disk controllers, you can use either
298kernel-copy floppy image.
299
300If you are using UNIX to make the floppies, you should use the command
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301dd(1) to write the raw floppy images (i.e., kcopy-ah-floppy or
302kcopy-bt-floppy, filesystem-floppy and cpio-floppy) to the floppies.
303For example, to write kcopy-ah-floppy to a 5.25" 1.2 Mb floppy
304disk under 386BSD, use:
305
306 $ dd if=kcopy-ah-floppy of=/dev/fd0a bs=30b count=80
307
308or for a 3.5" 1.44 Mb floppy:
309
310 $ dd if=kcopy-ah-floppy of=/dev/fd0a bs=36b count=80
311
312If you are using DOS to make the floppies, use the rawrite.exe
313utility. This can be found in the "tools" subdirectory of the
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314archive site. Copy rawrite.exe and the binary images to a DOS
315disk, type "rawrite" under MS-DOS and follow the instructions.
316Rawrite can write binary images to either 1.2MB or 1.44MB
317MS-DOS-formatted floppies.
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318
319Any other programs from the tools directory that might be needed
39087e97 320for installing FreeBSD, such as kermit, should be copied to a DOS-
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321formatted floppy (1.2MB or 1.44MB). Under 386BSD, they can be
322copied to floppy using the mcopy command. Under DOS, use the DOS
323copy command.
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324
325The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation
326depend on which method of installation you choose. The various methods
327are explained below.
328
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329To prepare for installing via MS-DOS hard disk:
330
331 To prepare FreeBSD for installaton from the MS-DOS C: drive
332 of the hard disk, you need to do the following:
333
334 If FreeBSD is installed on a hard disk containing
335 a Primary MS-DOS partition (as opposed to an
336 Extended DOS partition), then the FreeBSD distribution
337 files can be read directly from DOS. Preparation
338 is just a matter of copying the FreeBSD distribution
339 files onto DOS C: drive of the hard disk.
340
341 If FreeBSD is installed on a separate hard disk than
342 MS-DOS, it is not currently possible to read the FreeBSD
343 distribution files directly from DOS. In this case,
344 a different medium should be used.
345
346 Once you have the files on the C: drive, you can proceed to the
347 next step in the installation process, viz preparing your hard
348 disk.
349
f6c8cb2e 350To prepare for installing via MS-DOS floppies:
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351
352 To prepare FreeBSD for installaton from MS-DOS floppies, you
353 need to do the following:
354
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355 Count the number of "<set>_tgz.xx" files
356 you have (these are split, gzip'ed, tar
357 archives). Call this number N. You will
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358 need N/6 1.44M floppies, or N/5 1.2M
359 floppies to install the distribution
360 in this manner. For the set of bin files
0fedc42d 361 (i.e., 80 files) and 1.2 Mb floppies you will
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362 need 16 disks.
363
364 Format all of the floppies, with MS-DOS.
365 Don't make any of them MS-DOS bootable
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366 floppies (i.e., don't use "format /s"!)
367 If you use "format /u" then the format
368 will run a tad faster.
f6c8cb2e 369
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370 Copy all of the "<set>_tgz.xx" files on
371 the DOS disks. Under DOS use the DOS copy
372 command. Under 386BSD, use, for instance,
373 the make_floppies script:
374
375 #!/bin/sh
376 N_PER_DISK=5
377
378 x=$N_PER_DISK
379 for dist in bin_tgz.*; do
380 if [ $x -ge $N_PER_DISK ]; then
381 x=0
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382 echo -n "Insert next disk, "
383 echo -n "and press ENTER... "
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384 read reply
385 mdel a:/\*
386 fi
387 mcopy $dist a:/
388 x=`expr $x + 1`
389 done
390
39087e97 391 (Or you might use tar instead).
0fedc42d 392
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393 Once you have the files on DOS disks, you can proceed to the
394 next step in the installation process, viz preparing your hard
395 disk.
396
397To prepare for installing via a tape:
398
399 To install FreeBSD from a tape, you need to be somehow
400 to get the FreeBSD filesets you wish to install on
401 your system on to the appropriate kind of tape,
402 in tar format.
403
404 If you're making the tape on a UN*X system, the easiest
405 way to do so is:
406
407 tar cvf <tape_device> <files>
408
409 where "<tape_device>" is the name of the tape device
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410 that describes the tape drive you're using (either
411 /dev/rst0 for SCSI tape, otherwise /dev/rwt0).
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412 If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.
413 "<files>" are the names of the "<set>.tar.gz.xx" files
414 which you want to be placed on the tape.
415
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416 If your tape drive is not a type recognzed by the
417 kernel, then it may be necessary to set the tape density
418 using either the st(1) command (for SCSI tape) or the
419 mt(1) command. Both these programs are available from
420 the tools directory of the FreeBSD archive site.
421
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422To prepare for installing via an NFS partition:
423
424 NOTE: this method of installation is recommended
425 only for those already familiar with using
426 the BSD network-manipulation commands and
427 interfaces. If you aren't, this documentation
428 should help, but is not intended to be
429 all-encompassing.
430
431 Place the FreeBSD software you wish to install into
432 a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory
433 mountable by the machine which you will be installing
434 FreeBSD on. This will probably require modifying the
435 /etc/exports file of the NFS server and resetting
436 mountd, acts which will require superuser privileges.
437 Make a note of the numeric IP address of the NFS server
438 and make a note of the router closest to the the new
439 FreeBSD machine if the NFS server is not on a network
440 which is directly attached to the FreeBSD machine.
441
442 Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next
443 step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk.
444
445To prepare for installing via FTP:
446
447 NOTE: this method of installation is recommended
448 only for those already familiar with using
449 the BSD network-manipulation commands and
450 interfaces. If you aren't, this documentation
451 should help, but is not intended to be
452 all-encompassing.
453
454 The preparations for this method of installation
455 are easy: all you have to do is make sure that
456 there's some FTP site from which you can retrieve
457 the FreeBSD installation when it's time to do
458 the install. You should know the numeric IP
459 address of that site, and the numeric IP address of
460 your nearest router if the new FreeBSD computer is
461 not on the same net or subnet as the FTP site.
462
463 Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next
464 step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk.
465
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466To prepare for installing via Kermit:
467
468 The preparations for this method of installation
469 require that the kermit program be put on the
470 dos-floppy installation disk. This will be
471 loaded as part of the minimum base installation.
472 Kermit is available from tools directory of the
473 FreeBSD FTP site. This is a FreeBSD binary and
474 only executes under the FreeBSD operating system.
475
476 Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next
477 step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk.
478
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479To upgrade:
480
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481 (The beta upgrade script is available on request from
482 FreeBSD-questions@freefall.cdrom.com)
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483
484Preparing your Hard Disk for FreeBSD Installation:
485--------- ---- ---- ---- --- ------ ------------
486
487NOTE: If you wish to install FreeBSD on your whole drive, (i.e. you do
488not want DOS or any other operating system on your hard disk), you can
489skip this section, and go on to "Installing the FreeBSD System."
490
491Firstly, be sure you have a reliable backup of any data which you may
492want to keep; repartitioning your hard drive is an excellent way to
493destroy important data.
494
495WARNING: If you are using a disk controller which supports disk
496geometry translation, BE SURE TO USE THE SAME PARAMETERS FOR FreeBSD AS
497FOR DOS! If you do not, FreeBSD will not be able to properly coexist
498with DOS.
499
0fedc42d 500Secondly, make sure your disk has at least 16 Mbytes free space (or
39087e97 50180 Mbytes for the complete binary distribition).
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502
503You are now set to install FreeBSD on your hard drive.
504
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505Installing the FreeBSD System:
506---------- --- ------ ------
507
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508If DOS or OS/2 is already installed on the hard disk, installation should
509be easy. By default FreeBSD is installed after the last DOS or OS/2
510partition. Otherwise, you may need to specify your hard disk's geometry
511(i.e., number of cylinders, heads and sectors per track).
f6c8cb2e 512
0fedc42d 513For computing partition sizes, it might help to have a calculator handy.
f6c8cb2e 514
0fedc42d 515And it's finally time to install the system!
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516
517The following is a walk-through of the steps necessary to get FreeBSD
518installed on your hard disk. If you wish to stop the installation, you
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519may hit Control-C at any prompt and then type `halt'.
520
521 Boot from the kcopy-ah or kcopy-bt floppy, depending on
522 your hard disk controller type.
523
524 When prompted to insert the filesystem floppy, remove the
525 kcopy floppy from the drive and insert filesystem floppy
526 and hit any key.
527 N.B.: The filesystem floppy must not be write protected.
528
529 [When booting, if no message prompt appears after a
530 reasonable period of time, reboot and try it again. If
531 this doesn't work, try disabling your CPU's internal and
532 external caches, and then try to boot again. If there is
533 still no message prompt, then you can't install FreeBSD
534 on your hardware. If you were able to install 386bsd,
535 this is definitely a bug in our software; please report
536 it! Please include your system configuration, and any
537 other relevant information in your bug report.]
538
539 The boot sequence continues after the filesystem floppy
540 has been inserted. A copyright notice is displayed along
541 with a list of the hardware that FreeBSD recognizes as
542 being in your machine. You might want to make a note of
543 the disk values for cylinders, heads, sectors etc for
544 later use.
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545
546 After a short while (approximately 30 to 60 seconds), you
547 should see a welcome message and a prompt, asking if you
548 wish to proceed with the installation.
549
550 If you wish to proceed, enter "y" and then return.
551
552 You will then be asked what type of disk drive you have.
0fedc42d 553 The valid options are listed on the screen (e.g., SCSI, ESDI).
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554
555 You will then be asked for a label name for your disk.
556 This should be a short, one-word name for your disk,
39087e97 557 e.g., "cp3100-mine" for a Conner Peripherals "3100" disk.
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558 You needn't remember this name.
559
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560 Next, you will be prompted for the geometry information.
561 The default values should be correct, in which case just
562 hit ENTER to accept them. Otherwise enter the values
563 that were displayed during the boot sequence as they are
564 requested.
f6c8cb2e 565
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566 The default size of the FreeBSD portion of the disk
567 is the maximum available at the end of the disk (which may
568 be the whole disk). Accept the default by hitting ENTER.
569 Otherwise, enter an appropriate value using the information
570 displayed.
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571
572 If you are not installing on the whole disk, you will be
573 asked for the offset of the FreeBSD partition from the
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574 beginning of the disk. Again, hit ENTER to accept the
575 default, or enter a cylinder offset from the beginning of
576 the disk.
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577
578 You will then be asked for the size of your root partition,
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579 in cylinders. The suggested maximum size is 15 Mbytes
580 which is used as a default. Accept this, or enter a
581 suitable value (after converting to cylinders using the
582 formula displayed).
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583
584 Next, you will be asked for the size of your swap partition
585 - again, you must calculate this in cylinders. You should
586 probably allocate around twice as much swap space as you
39087e97 587 have RAM memory. If you wish the system to save crash dumps
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588 when it panics, you will need at least as much swap as you
589 have RAM.
590
591 The install program will then ask you for information about
592 the rest of the partitions you want on your disk. For the
593 purposes of this document, you only want one more: /usr.
594 Therefore, at the prompt, when in asks you to enter the size
595 of the next partition, enter the number of cylinders remaining
596 in the FreeBSD portion of the disk. When it asks you for the
597 mount point for this partition, say "/usr".
598
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599 After the FreeBSD partition have been assigned, install checks
600 the disk for an MS-DOS partition. If one exists, you are prompted
601 whether to make this accessible from FreeBSD (i.e., for reading
602 and writing). And if you choose to make the DOS partition
603 accessible, you are prompted for what directory it should
604 be mounted on. "/dos" is used by default. With this
605 choice, you could copy the contents of the DOS root
606 directory (i.e., C:\), for instance, with the Unix command:
607
608 # cp /dos/* .
609
610 If have you a DOS partition and you don't want it visible
611 from FreeBSD, just respond with "n" when asked whether to
612 make it accessible.
613
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614 YOU ARE NOW AT THE POINT OF NO RETURN.
615
616 If you confirm that you want to install FreeBSD, your hard
617 drive will be modified, and perhaps it contents scrambled at
618 the whim of the install program. This is especially likely
619 if you gave the install program incorrect information.
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620 Enter "no" at the prompt to get the option of redoing the
621 configuration, using your previous choices as defaults.
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622
623 If you are sure you want to proceed, enter "yes" at the prompt.
624
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625 The install program now makes the filesystems you specified.
626 If all goes well, there should be no errors in this section
627 of the installation. If there are, restart from the the
628 beginning of the installation process.
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629
630 After the installation program prompts you to see if you'd
631 like to be told about all of the files it's going to copy
632 to your hard drive, it will spend a few minutes copying these
633 files and then will print out an informative message and
634 place you at a "#" prompt.
635
0fedc42d 636 Read the message and note which partition (e.g., sd0a or wd0a)
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637 you need to copy a kernel to. Reboot the machine off the
638 kcopy-xx-floppy disk, but this time at the prompt asking
639 you to insert a file system floppy, do _not_ replace the
640 floppy, just press <enter>.
641
642 At the "kc>" prompt, enter "copy" to prepare to copy the
643 kernel on the floppy to your hard disk.
644
645 At the next "kc>" prompt, enter the disk partition to which
0fedc42d 646 you want to copy the kernel. (e.g., sd0a or wd0a).
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647
648 It will work for a minute or two, then present you with
0fedc42d 649 another "#" prompt. Follow the instructions given, (i.e.,
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650 halt the system) and reboot from the hard disk. You will
651 probably have to do a hardware reset or else your ethernet
0fedc42d 652 card might not be recognised at reboot (e.g., if you have a
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653 WD8003EP card).
654
655 When the machine boots, a three-line banner should appear at
656 the top of the screen. In a few seconds, a series of
657 messages will appear, describing the hardware in your machine.
658 Once again, this stage can take up to two minutes, so DO NOT
659 PANIC!
660
661 You will be asked to insert the cpio-floppy into a floppy
662 drive, and enter that drive's number. "0" corresponds to
663 DOS's "A:" drive, "1" corresponds to DOS's "B:" drive.
664
665 After you enter the number it will ask you if you'd like to
666 watch its progress, and after you answer this question it
667 will begin installing still more files on your hard disk.
668 This should take no more than 3 minutes.
669
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670 You are given the option to load the dos-floppy disk.
671 In particular, if you want to use kermit for downloading
672 the distribution, the dos-floppy should have the kermit
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673 binary. Or if you are using SCSI tape, the dos-floppy should
674 contain the st command.
675
676 To load the dos-floppy, remove the cpio-floppy from the
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677 drive, insert the dos-floppy and enter a "yes" response
678 at the prompt. Otherwise, enter "no" at the prompt.
679
680 After the dos-floppy has been loaded, you are given (more)
681 instructions, (e.g., to halt the system) and you should
682 reboot the machine again, from the hard drive and probably
683 with a hardware reset to kick your ethernet card back into
684 life.
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685
686 CONGRATULATIONS: You now have the minimum base of FreeBSD
687 files on your hard disk! Now you get to install the
688 distribution file sets. Remember that, at minimum, you must
689 install the bin.tar.gz.xx file set (see below for
690 instructions).
691
692 After the machine is done booting, you will be presented
693 with a screenful of information about what to do next.
694
695 What you do from this point on depends on which media you're
696 using to install FreeBSD. Follow the appropriate
697 instructions, given below.
698
39087e97 699 To install from MS-DOS hard disk partition, floppy or tape:
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700
701 The first thing you should do is to choose a temporary
702 directory where the distribution files can be stored.
703 To do this, use the command "set_tmp_dir" and enter
704 your choice. The default is /usr/distrib.
705
706 After you have chosen a temporary directory,
707 you should issue the appropriate load command:
708
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709 load_fd - for loading from a MS-DOS hard disk
710 partition, or from floppies,
f6c8cb2e 711
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712 load_qic_tape - for loading from QIC-02 tape, or
713
714 load_scsi_tape - for you're loading from the first
715 SCSI tape drive in the system.
f6c8cb2e 716
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717 If loading from tape, it may be necessary to first
718 set the default density using the mt or st command.
719 The low-density device (/dev/rst0 or /dev/rmt0)
720 is used by the load_xx_tape command, so to prepare
721 a SCSI device for reading QIC-150 tape, you might use:
f6c8cb2e 722
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723 # st -f /dev/nrst0 rewind
724 # st -f /dev/nrst0 low_dnsty 16
725 # load_scsi_tape
f6c8cb2e 726
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727 If loading from floppy or hard disk, the load_fd
728 command prompts for information, such as to which
729 floppy drive or hard disk directory to load from.
730 Additional options are available, e.g., for listing
731 and, if loading from hard disk, changing source
732 directories.
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733
734 Go to the directory which contains the first
735 distribution set you wish to install. This is
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736 either the directory you specified above, if using
737 load_fd, or possibly a subdirectory of that
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738 directory, if you loaded from tape.
739
740 When there, run "set_tmp_dir" again, and choose
741 the default temporary directory, by hitting
742 return at the prompt.
743
744 Run the "extract" command, giving it as its sole
745 argument the name of the distribution set you
746 wish to extract. For example, to extract the binary
747 distribution, use the command:
748
749 extract bin
750
751 and to extract the source distribution:
752
753 extract src
754
755 After the extraction is complete, go to the location
756 of the next set you want to extract, "set_tmp_dir"
757 again, and once again issue the appropriate
758 extract command. Continue this process until
759 you've finished installing all of the sets which you
760 desire to have on your hard disk.
761
762 After each set is finished, if you know that you
763 are running low on space you can remove the
764 distribution files for that set by saying:
765
766 rm <set>*
767
768 For example, if you wish to remove the distribution
769 files for the binarydist set, after the "extract bin"
770 command has completed, issue the command:
771
772 rm bin*
773
774 Once you have extracted all sets and are at the "#" prompt
775 again, proceed to the section "Configuring Your System,"
776 below.
777
778 To install via FTP or NFS:
779
780 First you must decide on a temporary directory to hold
781 the <set>.tar.gz.xx files. The directory /usr/distrib
782 is suggested. You should cd to it, if necessary do
783 a mkdir first. Use set_tmp_dir to identify this
784 directory to the install process.
785
786 Configure the appropriate ethernet interface (e.g. ed0,
787 ne0, etc.) up, with a command like:
788
789 ifconfig <ifname> <ipaddr> [netmask <netmask>]
790
791 where <ifname> is the interface name (e.g. ed0, etc.),
792 and <ipaddr> is the numeric IP address of the interface.
793 If the interface has a special netmask, supply
794 the word "netmask" and that netmask at the end of the
795 command line. For instance, without a special netmask:
796
797 ifconfig ed0 129.133.10.10
798
799 or with a special netmask
800
801 ifconfig ed0 128.32.240.167 netmask 0xffffff00
802
803 or the equivalent
804
805 ifconfig ed0 128.32.240.167 netmask 255.255.255.0
806
807 If you are using the AUI connector on a 3C503 card, you
808 must also set the LLC0 flag (the default is to use the BNC
809 connector):
810
811 ifconfig ed0 130.252.23.86 llc0
812
813 If the NFS server or FTP server is not on a directly-
814 connected network, you should set up a route to it
815 with the command:
816
817 route add default <gate_ipaddr>
818
819 where <gate_ipaddr> is your gateway's numeric IP address.
820
821 If you are NFS-mounting the distribution sets,
822 mount them on the temporary directory with the command:
823
824 mount -t nfs <serv_ipaddr>:<dist_dir> <tmp_dir>
825
826 where <serv_ipaddr> is the server's numeric IP address,
827 <dist_dir> is the path to the distribution files on
828 the server, and <tmp_dir> is the name of the local
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829 temporary directory (e.g., /usr/distrib). Proceed as if
830 you had loaded the files from tape, "cd"ing to the
831 appropriate directories and running "set_tmp_dir" and
832 "extract" as appropriate.
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833
834 If you are retrieving the distribution sets using ftp,
835 cd into the temp directory, and execute the command:
836
837 ftp <serv_ipaddr>
838
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839 where <serv_ipaddr> is the server's numeric IP address.
840 Get the files with FTP, taking care to use binary mode
841 to transfer all files. A simple set of commands is
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842
843 ftp <serv_ipaddr>
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844 user ftp
845 passwd <user-id>@
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846 hash
847 binary
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848 prompt
849 cd <where/the/binarydist/files/are>
850 mget *
851 cd <where/the/sourcedist/files/are>
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852 mget *
853 quit
854
855 Once you have all of the files for the distribution sets
856 that you wish to install, you can proceed using the
857 instructions above as if you had installed the files
858 from a floppy.
859
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860 To install via Kermit:
861
862 First you must decide on a temporary directory to hold
863 the <set>.tar.gz.xx files. The directory /usr/distrib
864 is suggested. You should cd to it, if necessary do
865 a mkdir first. Use set_tmp_dir to identify this
866 directory to the install process.
867
868 Invoke kermit and dial the remote kermit server.
869 A typical session might be:
870 # stty -f /dev/sio01 clocal
871 # kermit
39087e97 872 C-Kermit> set file type binary
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873 C-Kermit> set line /dev/sio01
874 C-Kermit> set baud 9600
875 C-Kermit> set receive packet 740
876 C-Kermit> set window 4
877 C-Kermit> set block 2
878 C-Kermit> connect
879 Connecting to /dev/sio01, speed 9600.
880 The escape character is Ctrl-\ (ASCII 28, FS)
881 Type the escape character followed by C to get back,
882 or followed by ? to see other options.
883 atdt 1234567 <-- dial the remote
884 Connect 9600
885 login: mylogin <-- login to the remote
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886 [...]
887 remote$ kermit -ix <-- remote kermit as binary server
888 [...]
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889 ^\C <-- return to local kermit
890 C-Kermit> get bin_tgz* <-- request files from remote
39087e97 891 [...] (wait long for transfer to complete)
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892 C-Kermit> finish <-- terminate remote server
893 C-Kermit> connect
894 C-Kermit> exit <-- exit remote kermit
895 remote$ exit <-- exit remote host
896 ^\C <-- return to local kermit
897 C-Kermit> exit <-- exit local kermit
898
899 At this point the binary distribution should be
900 downloaded to the FreeBSD system. Run the "extract"
901 command, giving it as its sole argument the name
902 of the distribution set you wish to extract. For
903 example, to extract the binary distribution, use
904 the command:
905
906 extract bin
907
908 and to extract the source distribution:
909
910 extract src
911
912 After the extraction is complete, go to the location
913 of the next set you want to extract, "set_tmp_dir"
914 again, and once again issue the appropriate
915 extract command. Continue this process until
916 you've finished installing all of the sets which you
917 desire to have on your hard disk.
918
919 After each set is finished, if you know that you
920 are running low on space you can remove the
921 distribution files for that set by saying:
922
923 rm <set>*
924
925 For example, if you wish to remove the distribution
926 files for the binarydist set, after the "extract bin"
927 command has completed, issue the command:
928
929 rm bin*
930
931 Once you have extracted all sets and are at the "#" prompt
932 again, proceed to the section "Configuring Your System,"
933 below.
934
935
936Further Tips on Installing FreeBSD
937------- ---- -- ---------- -------
938
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939 You might wish to install the binarydist first, get that
940 working, and then at a later point in time have a go at
941 installing the sourcedist. BEFORE YOU REBOOT AFTER INSTALLING
942 THE BINARYDIS, you must preserve the commands that do the
943 extracting. They are kept in the single-user-mode .profile
0fedc42d 944 file called /.profile. Proceed like this:
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945
946 mv /.profile /.profile.install
947 ln /root/.profile /.profile
948
949 When you are ready to install the sourcedist at some time
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950 in the future, get into multi-user mode (i.e., the normal
951 means of running FreeBSD) and issue these commands:
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952
953 cp /.profile.install /.profile
954 shutdown now
955
956 This will cause the system to go into single-user mode, and
0fedc42d 957 the install profile will be active (i.e., you will find the
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958 commands load_fd, extract etc available to you again).
959
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960 If your disk has several operating systems, you may want
961 to install a boot manager such as Thomas Wolfram's os-bs
962 for selecting which system to boot. os-bs135.exe and other
963 boot managers are available from the tools directory of
964 the FreeBSD FTP site. os-bs works well with DOS, OS/2,
965 FreeBSD and other systems, however, it cannot currently
966 be used to boot FreeBSD from a second hard disk. Another
967 boot manager, such as boot-easy should be used.
968
969 To install, for instance, os-bs, boot the system with
970 MS-DOS and insert the dos-floppy containing os-bs135.exe
971 in floppy drive A:. Then enter the DOS commands:
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972 > A:
973 > os-bs135
974 > cd os-bs
975 > os-bs
976 A menu should now appear on the screen. Use the cursor keys
39087e97 977 to highlight the install option, hit ENTER, and follow the
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978 instructions from there.
979
980 For more information about the ob-bs program, including its
981 capabilities and limitations, see the file `readme.1st' in the
982 os-bs directory.
983
984 If your disk has several operating systems and you choose
985 not to install os-bs, then fdisk can be used to change
986 the boot system. This is done by making the primary
987 partition for the boot system active. FreeBSD has an
988 fdisk command that can be used for this purpose as well.
989
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990
991Configuring Your System:
992----------- ---- ------
993
994Once you have finished extracting all of the distribution sets that you
995want on your hard drive and are back at the "#" prompt, you are ready
996to configure your system.
997
998The configuration utility expects that you have installed the base
999system. If you have not, you will not be able to run it successfully
1000(nor will you have a functional system regardless of configuration).
1001
1002To configure the newly installed operating system, run the command
1003"configure".
1004
1005Configure will ask for the machine's hostname, domain name, and other
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1006network configuration information. You should check that configure has
1007set up the following files correctly:
1008
1009 /etc/netstart
1010 /etc/myname
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1011
1012Once you have supplied configure all that it requests, your machine
1013will be configured well enough that when you reboot it it will be a
1014completely functional FreeBSD system. It is not completely configured,
1015however; you should adjust the /etc/sendmail.cf file as necessary to
1016suit your site and/or disable sendmail in /etc/rc and you should look
1017in /etc/netstart to make sure the flags are defined correctly for your
1018site. You might wish to set up several other tcp/ip files, such as
1019
1020 /etc/resolv.conf
1021 /etc/networks
1022
1023Once you are done with configuration, reboot with the "reboot" command.
1024
1025When it boots off of the hard drive, you will have a complete FreeBSD
1026system! CONGRATULATIONS! (You really deserve them!!!)
1027
1028
1029Administrivia:
1030-------------
1031
1032Registration? What's that?
1033
1034If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input.
1035
1036Please send random comments to:
1037
efd33f2c 1038 FreeBSD-questions@freefall.cdrom.com
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1039
1040Please send bug reports, and that sort of material to:
1041
1042 FreeBSD-bugs@freefall.cdrom.com
1043
1044If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how
1045you could be useful, send mail to:
1046
1047 FreeBSD-hackers@freefall.cdrom.com
1048
1049THANKS FOR USING THIS; that's what makes it all worthwhile.
1050
1051[a favor: Please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists,
1052 as they will end up in our personal mail spools. We will be
1053 happy to make other arrangements]
1054
73e13afa 1055This is $Id: install_notes,v 1.10 1993/10/16 12:05:51 rgrimes Exp $