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1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California. |
2 | .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement | |
3 | .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. | |
4 | .\" | |
31c59742 | 5 | .\" @(#)lpd.8 6.3 (Berkeley) %G% |
c6216a8d | 6 | .\" |
278a48a0 | 7 | .TH LPD 8 "" |
c6216a8d KM |
8 | .UC 5 |
9 | .ad | |
10 | .SH NAME | |
11 | lpd \- line printer daemon | |
12 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
13 | .B /usr/lib/lpd | |
2c7812a9 EA |
14 | [ |
15 | .B \-l | |
16 | ] [ port # ] | |
c6216a8d KM |
17 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
18 | .I Lpd | |
19 | is the line printer daemon (spool area handler) and is normally invoked | |
20 | at boot time from the | |
21 | .IR rc (8) | |
22 | file. It makes a single pass through the | |
23 | .IR printcap (5) | |
24 | file to find out about the existing printers and | |
25 | prints any files left after a crash. It then uses the system calls | |
26 | .IR listen (2) | |
27 | and | |
28 | .IR accept (2) | |
29 | to receive requests to print files in the queue, | |
30 | transfer files to the spooling area, display the queue, | |
31 | or remove jobs from the queue. In each case, it forks a child to handle | |
32 | the request so the parent can continue to listen for more requests. | |
33 | The Internet port number used to rendezvous | |
34 | with other processes is normally obtained with | |
35 | .IR getservbyname (3) | |
36 | but can be changed with the | |
37 | .IR port # | |
2c7812a9 | 38 | argument. |
c6216a8d KM |
39 | The |
40 | .B \-l | |
41 | flag causes | |
42 | .I lpd | |
43 | to log valid requests received from the network. This can be useful | |
44 | for debugging purposes. | |
45 | .PP | |
46 | Access control is provided by two means. First, All requests must come from | |
47 | one of the machines listed in the file | |
278a48a0 KM |
48 | .I /etc/hosts.equiv |
49 | or | |
50 | .IR /etc/hosts.lpd . | |
c6216a8d KM |
51 | Second, if the ``rs'' capability is specified in the |
52 | .I printcap | |
53 | entry for the printer being accessed, | |
54 | .I lpr | |
55 | requests will only be honored for those users with accounts on the | |
56 | machine with the printer. | |
57 | .PP | |
58 | The file | |
278a48a0 KM |
59 | .I minfree |
60 | in each spool directory contains the number of disk blocks to leave free | |
61 | so that the line printer queue won't completely fill the disk. | |
62 | The | |
63 | .I minfree | |
64 | file can be edited with your favorite text editor. | |
65 | .PP | |
66 | The file | |
c6216a8d KM |
67 | .I lock |
68 | in each spool directory is used to prevent multiple daemons from | |
69 | becoming active simultaneously, and to store information | |
70 | about the daemon process for | |
71 | .IR lpr (1), | |
72 | .IR lpq (1), | |
73 | and | |
74 | .IR lprm (1). | |
75 | After the daemon has successfully set the lock, it scans the directory | |
76 | for files beginning with | |
77 | .IR cf . | |
78 | Lines in each | |
79 | .I cf | |
80 | file specify files to be printed or non-printing actions to be | |
81 | performed. Each such line begins with a key character | |
82 | to specify what to do with the remainder of the line. | |
83 | .in +3 | |
84 | .IP J | |
85 | Job Name. String to be used for the job name on the burst page. | |
86 | .IP C | |
87 | Classification. String to be used for the classification line | |
88 | on the burst page. | |
89 | .IP L | |
90 | Literal. The line contains identification info from | |
91 | the password file and causes the banner page to be printed. | |
92 | .IP T | |
93 | Title. String to be used as the title for | |
94 | .IR pr (1). | |
95 | .IP H | |
96 | Host Name. Name of the machine where | |
97 | .I lpr | |
98 | was invoked. | |
99 | .IP P | |
100 | Person. Login name of the person who invoked | |
101 | .IR lpr . | |
102 | This is used to verify ownership by | |
103 | .IR lprm . | |
104 | .IP M | |
105 | Send mail to the specified user when the current print job completes. | |
106 | .IP f | |
107 | Formatted File. Name of a file to print which is already formatted. | |
108 | .IP l | |
109 | Like ``f'' but passes control characters and does not make page breaks. | |
110 | .IP p | |
111 | Name of a file to print using | |
112 | .IR pr (1) | |
113 | as a filter. | |
114 | .IP t | |
115 | Troff File. The file contains | |
116 | .IR troff (1) | |
117 | output (cat phototypesetter commands). | |
278a48a0 KM |
118 | .IP n |
119 | Ditroff File. The file contains device independent troff | |
120 | output. | |
c6216a8d KM |
121 | .IP d |
122 | DVI File. The file contains | |
123 | .IR Tex (l) | |
124 | output (DVI format from Standford). | |
125 | .IP g | |
126 | Graph File. The file contains data produced by | |
127 | .IR plot (3X). | |
128 | .IP c | |
129 | Cifplot File. The file contains data produced by | |
130 | .IR cifplot . | |
131 | .IP v | |
132 | The file contains a raster image. | |
133 | .IP r | |
134 | The file contains text data with FORTRAN carriage control characters. | |
135 | .IP 1 | |
136 | Troff Font R. Name of the font file to use instead of the default. | |
137 | .IP 2 | |
138 | Troff Font I. Name of the font file to use instead of the default. | |
139 | .IP 3 | |
140 | Troff Font B. Name of the font file to use instead of the default. | |
141 | .IP 4 | |
142 | Troff Font S. Name of the font file to use instead of the default. | |
143 | .IP W | |
144 | Width. Changes the page width (in characters) used by | |
145 | .IR pr (1) | |
146 | and the text filters. | |
147 | .IP I | |
148 | Indent. The number of characters to indent the output by (in ascii). | |
149 | .IP U | |
150 | Unlink. Name of file to remove upon completion of printing. | |
151 | .IP N | |
152 | File name. The name of the file which is being printed, or a blank | |
153 | for the standard input (when | |
154 | .I lpr | |
155 | is invoked in a pipeline). | |
156 | .in -5 | |
157 | .PP | |
2c7812a9 EA |
158 | If a file can not be opened, a message will be logged via |
159 | .IR syslog (3) | |
160 | using the | |
161 | .I LOG_LPR | |
162 | facility. | |
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163 | .I Lpd |
164 | will try up to 20 times | |
165 | to reopen a file it expects to be there, after which it will | |
166 | skip the file to be printed. | |
167 | .PP | |
168 | .I Lpd | |
169 | uses | |
170 | .IR flock (2) | |
171 | to provide exclusive access to the lock file and to prevent multiple | |
172 | deamons from becoming active simultaneously. If the daemon should be killed | |
173 | or die unexpectedly, the lock file need not be removed. | |
174 | The lock file is kept in a readable ASCII form | |
175 | and contains two lines. | |
176 | The first is the process id of the daemon and the second is the control | |
177 | file name of the current job being printed. The second line is updated to | |
178 | reflect the current status of | |
179 | .I lpd | |
180 | for the programs | |
181 | .IR lpq (1) | |
182 | and | |
183 | .IR lprm (1). | |
184 | .SH FILES | |
185 | .nf | |
186 | .ta \w'/etc/printcap 'u | |
187 | /etc/printcap printer description file | |
188 | /usr/spool/* spool directories | |
278a48a0 | 189 | /usr/spool/*/minfree minimum free space to leave |
c6216a8d KM |
190 | /dev/lp* line printer devices |
191 | /dev/printer socket for local requests | |
192 | /etc/hosts.equiv lists machine names allowed printer access | |
31c59742 KM |
193 | /etc/hosts.lpd lists machine names allowed printer access, |
194 | but not under same administrative control. | |
c6216a8d KM |
195 | .fi |
196 | .SH "SEE ALSO" | |
197 | lpc(8), | |
198 | pac(1), | |
199 | lpr(1), | |
200 | lpq(1), | |
201 | lprm(1), | |
2c7812a9 | 202 | syslog(3), |
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203 | printcap(5) |
204 | .br | |
205 | .ul | |
206 | 4.2BSD Line Printer Spooler Manual |