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1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1986, 1991, 1993 |
2 | .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. | |
33186bba | 3 | .\" |
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4 | .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without |
5 | .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions | |
6 | .\" are met: | |
7 | .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | |
8 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | |
9 | .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | |
10 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | |
11 | .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | |
12 | .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software | |
13 | .\" must display the following acknowledgement: | |
14 | .\" This product includes software developed by the University of | |
15 | .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. | |
16 | .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors | |
17 | .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software | |
18 | .\" without specific prior written permission. | |
33186bba | 19 | .\" |
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20 | .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND |
21 | .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE | |
22 | .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE | |
23 | .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE | |
24 | .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL | |
25 | .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS | |
26 | .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) | |
27 | .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT | |
28 | .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY | |
29 | .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF | |
30 | .\" SUCH DAMAGE. | |
9903e566 | 31 | .\" |
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32 | .\" @(#)vd.4 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 |
33 | .\" | |
34 | .Dd June 5, 1993 | |
9903e566 CL |
35 | .Dt VD 4 tahoe |
36 | .Os | |
37 | .Sh NAME | |
38 | .Nm vd | |
39 | .Nd | |
40 | .Tn VERSAbus | |
41 | storage module controller/drives | |
42 | .Sh SYNOPSIS | |
43 | .Cd "controller vd0 at vba? csr 0xffff2000 vector vdintr" | |
44 | .Cd "disk dk0 at vd0 drive 0" | |
45 | .Sh DESCRIPTION | |
46 | This is a generic | |
47 | .Tn VERSAbus | |
48 | storage module disk driver for the | |
49 | Computer Consoles | |
50 | .Tn SMD | |
51 | .Pq Tn VDDC | |
52 | and | |
53 | .Tn SMD-E | |
54 | disk controllers. | |
55 | .Pp | |
56 | The | |
57 | .Nm vd | |
58 | driver is a fairly typical block | |
59 | .Tn I/O | |
60 | device, except | |
61 | raw block | |
62 | .Tn I/O | |
63 | counts must be a multiple of 1024 bytes, | |
1ad79cad MK |
64 | whether the actual sector size is 512 or 1024 bytes. |
65 | Likewise, | |
9903e566 | 66 | .Xr seek |
33186bba | 67 | calls should specify a multiple of 1024 bytes. |
9903e566 CL |
68 | See |
69 | .Xr physio 4 . | |
70 | .Pp | |
1ad79cad MK |
71 | The first sector of each disk contains a disk label |
72 | containing geometry information and partition layouts (see | |
9903e566 | 73 | .Xr disklabel 5 ) . |
1ad79cad MK |
74 | This sector is normally write-protected, and disk-to-disk copies should |
75 | avoid copying this sector. | |
76 | The label may be updated with | |
9903e566 | 77 | .Xr disklabel 8 , |
1ad79cad | 78 | which can also be used to write-enable and write-disable the sector. |
9903e566 | 79 | .Sh DISK SUPPORT |
1ad79cad MK |
80 | During autoconfiguration, |
81 | as well as when a drive is opened after all partitions are closed, | |
82 | the first sector of the drive is examined for a disk label. | |
83 | If a label is found, the geometry of the drive and the partition tables | |
84 | are taken from it. | |
85 | If no label is found, | |
86 | The driver checks for a disk label on sector 0 of each drive | |
87 | during autoconfiguration. | |
88 | If no label is found, | |
89 | the driver tries to access the last track on each drive | |
90 | to determine the type of drive attached. | |
91 | The driver has default partition tables for | |
9903e566 CL |
92 | seven different drives: |
93 | .Tn CDC FSD | |
94 | (160 | |
95 | .Tn MB ) , | |
96 | .Tn CDC | |
97 | 9766 (300 | |
98 | .Tn MB ) , | |
99 | .Tn CDC XFSD | |
100 | (340 | |
101 | .Tn MB ) , | |
102 | .Tn CDC | |
103 | 515 | |
104 | .Tn MB , | |
105 | Fujitsu 360 | |
106 | .Tn MB , | |
107 | Fujitsu Eagle (440 | |
108 | .Tn MB ) , | |
109 | and Maxtor 340 | |
110 | .Tn MB . | |
1ad79cad MK |
111 | If the drive is not recognized, a single small partition is created |
112 | to allow a label to be written. | |
9903e566 | 113 | .Pp |
1ad79cad | 114 | The partition tables in the disk label and the |
9903e566 | 115 | .Pa disktab |
1ad79cad | 116 | file specify partition offsets and sizes in sectors, which are 512 bytes |
9903e566 CL |
117 | on |
118 | .Tn SMD | |
119 | drives and 1024 bytes on 5 1/4" | |
120 | .Tn ESDI | |
121 | drives. | |
1ad79cad MK |
122 | By convention, |
123 | the ?a partition is normally used for the root file system or other small | |
124 | file system, | |
125 | and the ?b partition is used as a paging area. | |
33186bba KM |
126 | The ?c partition maps the rest of the pack, |
127 | except the last 5 cylinders which are reserved for bad sector forwarding, | |
128 | and diagnostic use. | |
9903e566 CL |
129 | .Sh FILES |
130 | .Bl -tag -width /dev/dk[0-7][a-f]xx -compact | |
131 | .It Pa /dev/dk[0-7][a-f] | |
132 | dk block files | |
133 | .It Pa /dev/rdk[0-7][a-f] | |
134 | dk raw files | |
135 | .El | |
136 | .Sh DIAGNOSTICS | |
137 | .Bl -diag | |
138 | .It vd%d: %s controller. | |
5419b7e7 | 139 | This message is printed during autoconfiguration to identify |
9903e566 CL |
140 | the type of controller, either |
141 | .Tn VDDC | |
142 | or | |
143 | .Tn SMDE . | |
144 | .Pp | |
145 | .It vd%d: init error. | |
5419b7e7 SL |
146 | During autoconfiguration the controller failed to respond to |
147 | an initialize command. | |
9903e566 CL |
148 | .Pp |
149 | .It vd%d: diagnostic error. | |
5419b7e7 SL |
150 | During autoconfiguration the controller failed to respond to |
151 | a diagnostic command. | |
9903e566 CL |
152 | .Pp |
153 | .It dk%d: unknown drive type. | |
5419b7e7 SL |
154 | The system was unable to identify the specified drive as |
155 | one of the drives described above; the drive will not be | |
156 | configured. | |
9903e566 CL |
157 | .Pp |
158 | .It vd%d: drive %d: config error. | |
5419b7e7 SL |
159 | The system encountered a hard error when it tried to configure |
160 | a drive during autoconfiguration. | |
9903e566 CL |
161 | .Pp |
162 | .It vd%d: starting drives, wait ... . | |
5419b7e7 SL |
163 | This message indicates the system is about to tell the |
164 | controller to ``start'' the drives attached to it. | |
9903e566 CL |
165 | .Pp |
166 | .It dk%d: %s <ntrak %d, ncyl %d, nsec %d>. | |
5419b7e7 SL |
167 | For each drive recognized during autoconfiguration the system |
168 | prints a message of this form. The drive type is displayed | |
169 | as well as the geometry: tracks/cylinder, cylinders, and sectors/track. | |
9903e566 CL |
170 | .Pp |
171 | .It vd%d: lost interrupt. | |
5419b7e7 | 172 | The system failed to receive an interrupt from the controller after |
1ad79cad | 173 | submitting a request. |
5419b7e7 SL |
174 | The system attempts to abort the current request and simulate an |
175 | interrupt to unwedge the controller. | |
1ad79cad MK |
176 | During processing of the simulated interrupt, a controller error |
177 | will be reported as described below. | |
9903e566 CL |
178 | .Pp |
179 | .It vd%d: stray interrupt. | |
5419b7e7 | 180 | The system received an unexpected interrupt; it is ignored. |
9903e566 CL |
181 | .Pp |
182 | .It dk%d%c: write locked. | |
1ad79cad | 183 | An attempt was made to write to a drive that is physically write-protected. |
9903e566 CL |
184 | .Pp |
185 | .It "dk%d%c: controller err %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) status %b ecode %x; resetting controller... retrying." | |
1ad79cad | 186 | .br |
9903e566 | 187 | .It "dk%d%c: drive err %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) status %b ecode %x; resetting drive... retrying." |
1ad79cad MK |
188 | An attempted transfer resulted in a controller or drive error. |
189 | The controller or drive is reset, and the transfer is attempted | |
190 | a second time. | |
9903e566 CL |
191 | .Pp |
192 | .It "dk%d%c: hard error %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) status %b ecode %x." | |
1ad79cad MK |
193 | An unrecoverable error was encountered. The filesystem block number reported |
194 | is a logical sector number on the indicated partition; | |
195 | it is expressed using 1024-byte sectors. | |
196 | If the transfer involved multiple blocks, the block range is printed as well. | |
197 | The parenthesized fields list the actual disk sector number | |
198 | relative to the beginning of the drive | |
199 | (in 512- or 1024-byte blocks, as appropriate), | |
200 | as well as the cylinder, track and sector number of the block. | |
201 | The error status field of the device control | |
202 | block is printed in hexadecimal followed by a symbolic description. | |
9903e566 CL |
203 | If this is an |
204 | .Tn SMDE | |
205 | controller, the error code is also displayed. | |
206 | .Pp | |
207 | .It "dk%d%c: soft error %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) status %b ecode %x." | |
1ad79cad MK |
208 | A recoverable error was detected by the controller. |
209 | The fields are interpreted in the same way as those for hard errors. | |
9903e566 CL |
210 | .Pp |
211 | .It "dk%d%c: soft ecc %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d)." | |
212 | A recoverable | |
213 | .Tn ECC | |
214 | error was detected and corrected by the controller | |
1ad79cad | 215 | during the indicated transfer. |
9903e566 CL |
216 | .Pp |
217 | .It vd%d: drive %d: couldn't reset. | |
5419b7e7 | 218 | The system was unable to reconfigure a drive during a controller reset. |
9903e566 CL |
219 | .Pp |
220 | .It vd%d: controller timeout. | |
5419b7e7 SL |
221 | The controller failed to complete an operation within a reasonable |
222 | time. This message is usually followed by another message indicating | |
223 | what operation timed out; e.g. ``during config'' for a configuration | |
224 | command. | |
9903e566 CL |
225 | .El |
226 | .Sh SEE ALSO | |
227 | .Xr disklabel 5 , | |
228 | .Xr disklabel 8 | |
229 | .Sh HISTORY | |
230 | The | |
231 | .Nm | |
232 | driver appeared in | |
233 | .Bx 4.3 tahoe . | |
234 | .Sh BUGS | |
5419b7e7 SL |
235 | Writes |
236 | scribble on the tail of incomplete blocks. | |
9903e566 | 237 | .Pp |
1ad79cad MK |
238 | The system should use real disk sector numbers internally, |
239 | instead of assuming 1024-byte sectors; | |
240 | errors should report filesystem block numbers using the actual sector size. | |
9903e566 CL |
241 | Raw |
242 | .Tn I/O | |
243 | should be permitted on any sector boundary. |