[unix-history] / .ref-BSD-3 / usr / doc / summary / vhel2

.NH
Languages
.NH 2
The C Language
.LP
.sh CC
Compile and/or link edit programs in the C
language.
The 
.UC "UNIX/32V"
operating system, most of the
subsystems and C itself are written in C.
For a full description of C, read
.ul
The C Programming Language,
Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie,
Prentice-Hall, 1978.
.op
General purpose language
designed for structured programming.
.op
Data types include
character,
integer,
float,
double,
pointers to all types,
functions returning above types,
arrays of all types,
structures and unions of all types.
.op
Operations intended to give machine-independent control
of full machine facility, including to-memory
operations and
pointer arithmetic.
.op
Macro preprocessor for parameterized code and inclusion of
standard files.
.op
All procedures recursive, with parameters by value.
.op
Machine-independent pointer manipulation.
.op
Object code uses full
addressing capability of the VAX-11.
.op
Runtime library gives access to all system facilities.
.OP
Definable data types.
.OP
Block structure
.sh  LINT
Verifier for C programs.
Reports questionable or nonportable usage such as:
.nf
.in +2
Mismatched data declarations and procedure interfaces.
.br
Nonportable type conversions.
.br
Unused variables, unreachable code, no-effect operations.
.br
Mistyped pointers.
.br
Obsolete syntax.
.in -2
.OP
Full cross-module checking of separately compiled programs.
.sh CB
A beautifier for C programs.
Does proper indentation and placement of braces.
.NH 2
Fortran
.LP
.sh  F77
A full compiler for 
ANSI Standard Fortran 77.
.OP
Compatible with C and supporting tools at object level.
.OP
Optional source compatibility with Fortran 66.
.OP
Free format source.
.op
Optional subscript-range checking, detection of uninitialized variables.
.OP
All widths of arithmetic:
2- and 4-byte integer; 4- and 8-byte real; 8- and 16-byte
complex.
.sh RATFOR
Ratfor adds rational
control structure \o'a\(ga' la C to Fortran.
.op
Compound statements.
.op
If-else, do, for, while,
repeat-until, break, next
statements.
.op
Symbolic constants.
.op
File insertion.
.op
Free format source
.op
Translation of relationals like >, >=.
.op
Produces genuine Fortran to carry away.
.op
May be used with F77.
.sh STRUCT
Converts ordinary ugly Fortran into structured Fortran (i.e., Ratfor),
using statement grouping, if-else, while, for, repeat-until.
.NH 2
Other Algorithmic Languages
.sh DC
Interactive programmable desk calculator.
Has named storage locations as well
as conventional stack for holding integers or programs.
.op
Unlimited precision decimal arithmetic.
.op
Appropriate treatment of decimal fractions.
.op
Arbitrary input and output radices, in particular
binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal.
.op
Reverse Polish operators:
.in+2
.nf
+ \- * /
remainder, power, square root,
load, store, duplicate, clear,
print, enter program text, execute.
.in-2
.fi
.sh BC
A C-like interactive interface to the desk calculator DC.
.op
All the capabilities of DC with a high-level syntax.
.op
Arrays and recursive functions.
.op
Immediate evaluation of expressions and evaluation of
functions upon call.
.op
Arbitrary precision elementary functions:
exp, sin, cos, atan.
.op
Go-to-less programming.
.NH 2
Macroprocessing
.LP
.nr c 0 1
.sh  M4
A general purpose macroprocessor.
.OP
Stream-oriented, recognizes macros anywhere in text.
.OP
Syntax fits with functional syntax of most higher-level
languages.
.OP
Can evaluate integer arithmetic expressions.
.NH 2
Compiler-compilers
.LP
.sh YACC
An LR(1)-based compiler writing system.
During execution of resulting
parsers, arbitrary C functions may be
called to do code generation or semantic actions.
.op
BNF syntax specifications.
.op
Precedence relations.
.op
Accepts formally ambiguous grammars
with non-BNF resolution rules.
.sh  LEX
Generator of lexical analyzers.
Arbitrary C functions may be called
upon isolation of each lexical token.
.OP
Full regular expression,
plus left and right context dependence.
.OP
Resulting lexical analysers interface cleanly
with YACC parsers.
Commit	Line	Data
8dc8ae1a BJ	1	.NH
	2	Languages
	3	.NH 2
	4	The C Language
	5	.LP
	6	.sh CC
	7	Compile and/or link edit programs in the C
	8	language.
	9	The
	10	.UC "UNIX/32V"
	11	operating system, most of the
	12	subsystems and C itself are written in C.
	13	For a full description of C, read
	14	.ul
	15	The C Programming Language,
	16	Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie,
	17	Prentice-Hall, 1978.
	18	.op
	19	General purpose language
	20	designed for structured programming.
	21	.op
	22	Data types include
	23	character,
	24	integer,
	25	float,
	26	double,
	27	pointers to all types,
	28	functions returning above types,
	29	arrays of all types,
	30	structures and unions of all types.
	31	.op
	32	Operations intended to give machine-independent control
	33	of full machine facility, including to-memory
	34	operations and
	35	pointer arithmetic.
	36	.op
	37	Macro preprocessor for parameterized code and inclusion of
	38	standard files.
	39	.op
	40	All procedures recursive, with parameters by value.
	41	.op
	42	Machine-independent pointer manipulation.
	43	.op
	44	Object code uses full
	45	addressing capability of the VAX-11.
	46	.op
	47	Runtime library gives access to all system facilities.
	48	.OP
	49	Definable data types.
	50	.OP
	51	Block structure
	52	.sh LINT
	53	Verifier for C programs.
	54	Reports questionable or nonportable usage such as:
	55	.nf
	56	.in +2
	57	Mismatched data declarations and procedure interfaces.
	58	.br
	59	Nonportable type conversions.
	60	.br
	61	Unused variables, unreachable code, no-effect operations.
	62	.br
	63	Mistyped pointers.
	64	.br
65	Obsolete syntax.
66	.in -2
67	.OP
68	Full cross-module checking of separately compiled programs.
69	.sh CB
70	A beautifier for C programs.
71	Does proper indentation and placement of braces.
72	.NH 2
73	Fortran
74	.LP
75	.sh F77
76	A full compiler for
77	ANSI Standard Fortran 77.
78	.OP
79	Compatible with C and supporting tools at object level.
80	.OP
81	Optional source compatibility with Fortran 66.
82	.OP
83	Free format source.
84	.op
85	Optional subscript-range checking, detection of uninitialized variables.
86	.OP
87	All widths of arithmetic:
88	2- and 4-byte integer; 4- and 8-byte real; 8- and 16-byte
89	complex.
90	.sh RATFOR
91	Ratfor adds rational
92	control structure \o'a\(ga' la C to Fortran.
93	.op
94	Compound statements.
95	.op
96	If-else, do, for, while,
97	repeat-until, break, next
98	statements.
99	.op
100	Symbolic constants.
101	.op
102	File insertion.
103	.op
104	Free format source
105	.op
106	Translation of relationals like >, >=.
107	.op
108	Produces genuine Fortran to carry away.
109	.op
110	May be used with F77.
111	.sh STRUCT
112	Converts ordinary ugly Fortran into structured Fortran (i.e., Ratfor),
113	using statement grouping, if-else, while, for, repeat-until.
114	.NH 2
115	Other Algorithmic Languages
116	.sh DC
117	Interactive programmable desk calculator.
118	Has named storage locations as well
119	as conventional stack for holding integers or programs.
120	.op
121	Unlimited precision decimal arithmetic.
122	.op
123	Appropriate treatment of decimal fractions.
124	.op
125	Arbitrary input and output radices, in particular
126	binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal.
127	.op
128	Reverse Polish operators:
129	.in+2
130	.nf
131	+ \- * /
132	remainder, power, square root,
133	load, store, duplicate, clear,
134	print, enter program text, execute.
135	.in-2
136	.fi
137	.sh BC
138	A C-like interactive interface to the desk calculator DC.
139	.op
140	All the capabilities of DC with a high-level syntax.
141	.op
142	Arrays and recursive functions.
143	.op
144	Immediate evaluation of expressions and evaluation of
145	functions upon call.
146	.op
147	Arbitrary precision elementary functions:
148	exp, sin, cos, atan.
149	.op
150	Go-to-less programming.
151	.NH 2
152	Macroprocessing
153	.LP
154	.nr c 0 1
155	.sh M4
156	A general purpose macroprocessor.
157	.OP
158	Stream-oriented, recognizes macros anywhere in text.
159	.OP
160	Syntax fits with functional syntax of most higher-level
161	languages.
162	.OP
163	Can evaluate integer arithmetic expressions.
164	.NH 2
165	Compiler-compilers
166	.LP
167	.sh YACC
168	An LR(1)-based compiler writing system.
169	During execution of resulting
170	parsers, arbitrary C functions may be
171	called to do code generation or semantic actions.
172	.op
173	BNF syntax specifications.
174	.op
175	Precedence relations.
176	.op
177	Accepts formally ambiguous grammars
178	with non-BNF resolution rules.
179	.sh LEX
180	Generator of lexical analyzers.
181	Arbitrary C functions may be called
182	upon isolation of each lexical token.
183	.OP
184	Full regular expression,
185	plus left and right context dependence.
186	.OP
187	Resulting lexical analysers interface cleanly
188	with YACC parsers.