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e0abcc58 | 1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1986 Regents of the University of California. |
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2 | .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement |
3 | .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. | |
4 | .\" | |
e0abcc58 | 5 | .\" @(#)0.t 4.3 (Berkeley) %G% |
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6 | .\" |
7 | .if n .ND | |
8 | .TL | |
9 | Fsck \- The UNIX\(dg File System Check Program | |
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10 | .EH 'SMM:5-%''The \s-2UNIX\s+2 File System Check Program' |
11 | .OH 'The \s-2UNIX\s+2 File System Check Program''SMM:5-%' | |
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12 | .AU |
13 | Marshall Kirk McKusick | |
14 | .AI | |
15 | Computer Systems Research Group | |
16 | Computer Science Division | |
17 | Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science | |
18 | University of California, Berkeley | |
19 | Berkeley, CA 94720 | |
20 | .AU | |
21 | T. J. Kowalski | |
22 | .AI | |
23 | Bell Laboratories | |
24 | Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 | |
25 | .AB | |
26 | .FS | |
27 | \(dgUNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. | |
28 | .FE | |
29 | .FS | |
30 | This work was done under grants from | |
31 | the National Science Foundation under grant MCS80-05144, | |
32 | and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DoD) under | |
33 | Arpa Order No. 4031 monitored by Naval Electronic System Command under | |
34 | Contract No. N00039-82-C-0235. | |
35 | .FE | |
36 | This document reflects the use of | |
37 | .I fsck | |
6a1194d8 | 38 | with the 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD file system organization. This |
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39 | is a revision of the |
40 | original paper written by | |
41 | T. J. Kowalski. | |
42 | .PP | |
43 | File System Check Program (\fIfsck\fR) | |
44 | is an interactive file system check and repair program. | |
45 | .I Fsck | |
46 | uses the redundant structural information in the | |
47 | UNIX file system to perform several consistency checks. | |
48 | If an inconsistency is detected, it is reported | |
49 | to the operator, who may elect to fix or ignore | |
50 | each inconsistency. | |
51 | These inconsistencies result from the permanent interruption | |
52 | of the file system updates, which are performed every | |
53 | time a file is modified. | |
54 | Unless there has been a hardware failure, | |
55 | .I fsck | |
56 | is able to repair corrupted file systems | |
57 | using procedures based upon the order in which UNIX honors | |
58 | these file system update requests. | |
59 | .PP | |
60 | The purpose of this document is to describe the normal updating | |
61 | of the file system, | |
62 | to discuss the possible causes of file system corruption, | |
63 | and to present the corrective actions implemented | |
64 | by | |
65 | .I fsck. | |
66 | Both the program and the interaction between the | |
67 | program and the operator are described. | |
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68 | .sp 2 |
69 | .LP | |
70 | Revised July 16, 1985 | |
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71 | .AE |
72 | .LP | |
e0abcc58 | 73 | .bp |
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74 | .ce |
75 | .B "TABLE OF CONTENTS" | |
76 | .LP | |
77 | .sp 1 | |
78 | .nf | |
79 | .B "1. Introduction" | |
80 | .LP | |
81 | .sp .5v | |
82 | .nf | |
83 | .B "2. Overview of the file system | |
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84 | 2.1. Superblock |
85 | 2.2. Summary Information | |
86 | 2.3. Cylinder groups | |
87 | 2.4. Fragments | |
88 | 2.5. Updates to the file system | |
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89 | .LP |
90 | .sp .5v | |
91 | .nf | |
92 | .B "3. Fixing corrupted file systems | |
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93 | 3.1. Detecting and correcting corruption |
94 | 3.2. Super block checking | |
95 | 3.3. Free block checking | |
96 | 3.4. Checking the inode state | |
97 | 3.5. Inode links | |
98 | 3.6. Inode data size | |
99 | 3.7. Checking the data associated with an inode | |
100 | 3.8. File system connectivity | |
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101 | .LP |
102 | .sp .5v | |
103 | .nf | |
104 | .B Acknowledgements | |
105 | .LP | |
106 | .sp .5v | |
107 | .nf | |
108 | .B References | |
109 | .LP | |
110 | .sp .5v | |
111 | .nf | |
112 | .B "4. Appendix A | |
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113 | 4.1. Conventions |
114 | 4.2. Initialization | |
115 | 4.3. Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes | |
116 | 4.4. Phase 1b - Rescan for more Dups | |
117 | 4.5. Phase 2 - Check Pathnames | |
118 | 4.6. Phase 3 - Check Connectivity | |
119 | 4.7. Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts | |
120 | 4.8. Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups | |
121 | 4.9. Cleanup | |
a38b2411 | 122 | .ds RH Introduction |
e0abcc58 | 123 | .bp |