bring up to release 5

[unix-history] / usr / src / usr.sbin / arp / arp4.4

.\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
.\"
.\"	@(#)arp4.4	6.1 (Berkeley) %G%
.\"
.TH ARP 4P ""
.UC 5
.SH NAME
arp \- Address Resolution Protocol
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B "pseudo-device ether"
.SH DESCRIPTION
ARP is a protocol used to dynamically map between DARPA Internet
and 10Mb/s Ethernet addresses.  It is
used by all the 10Mb/s Ethernet interface drivers.
.PP
ARP caches Internet-Ethernet address mappings.  When an interface
requests a mapping for an address not in the cache, ARP queues the
message which requires the mapping and broadcasts
a message on the associated network requesting the address mapping.
If a response is provided, the new mapping is cached and any pending
messages are transmitted.
ARP will queue
at most one packet while waiting for a mapping request to be responded to;
only the most recently ``transmitted'' packet is kept.
.PP
To enable communications with systems which do not use ARP, ioctls
are provided to enter and delete entries in the Internet-to-Ethernet tables.
Usage:
.LP
.nf
.ft B
	#include <sys/ioctl.h>
	#include <sys/socket.h>
	#include <net/if.h>
	struct arpreq arpreq;

	ioctl(s, SIOCSARP, (caddr_t)&arpreq);
	ioctl(s, SIOCGARP, (caddr_t)&arpreq);
	ioctl(s, SIOCDARP, (caddr_t)&arpreq);
.fi
.ft R
Each ioctl takes the same structure as an argument.
SIOCSARP sets an ARP entry, SIOCGARP gets an ARP entry, and SIOCDARP
deletes an ARP entry.  These ioctls may be applied to any socket descriptor
.I s,
but only by the super-user.
The
.I arpreq
structure contains:
.LP
.nf
	/*
	 * ARP ioctl request
	 */
	struct arpreq {
		struct sockaddr	arp_pa;		/* protocol address */
		struct sockaddr	arp_ha;		/* hardware address */
		int	arp_flags;		/* flags */
	};
	/*  arp_flags field values */
	#define ATF_COM		2	/* completed entry (arp_ha valid) */
	#define	ATF_PERM	4	/* permanent entry */
	#define	ATF_PUBL	8	/* publish (respond for other host) */
.fi
.LP
The address family for the
.I arp_pa
sockaddr must be AF_INET; for the 
.I arp_ha
sockaddr it must be AF_UNSPEC.
The only flag bits which may be written are ATF_PERM and ATF_PUBL.
ATF_PERM causes the entry to be permanent if the ioctl call succeeds.
The peculiar nature of the ARP tables may cause the ioctl to fail if more
than 4 (permanent) Internet host addresses hash to the same slot.
ATF_PUBL specifies that the ARP code should respond to ARP requests for the
indicated host coming from other machines.  This allows a host to act as an
"ARP server" which may be useful in convincing an ARP-only machine to talk
to a non-ARP machine.
.PP
ARP watches passively for hosts impersonating the local host (i.e. a host
which responds to an ARP mapping request for the local host's address).
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
.B "duplicate IP address!! sent from ethernet address: %x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x."
ARP has discovered another host on the local network which responds to
mapping requests for its own Internet address.
.SH SEE ALSO
ec(4), de(4), il(4), inet(4F), arp(8C), ifconfig(8C)
.br
An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol, RFC826, Dave Plummer, MIT.
.SH BUGS
ARP packets on the Ethernet use only 42 bytes of data, however, the smallest
legal Ethernet packet is 60 bytes (not including CRC).
Some systems may not enforce the minimum packet size, others will.