[unix-history] / usr / man / man1 / ps.1

.TH PS 1  PDP11
.SH NAME
ps \- process status
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B ps
[
.B aklx
]
[ namelist ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Ps
prints certain indicia about active
processes.
The
.B a
option asks for information about all processes with terminals (ordinarily
only one's own processes are displayed);
.B x
asks even about processes with no terminal;
.B l
asks for a long listing.
The short listing contains the process ID, tty letter,
the cumulative execution time of the process and an
approximation to the command line.
.PP
The long listing is columnar and contains
.TP
F
Flags associated with the process.
01: in core;
02: system process;
04: locked in core (e.g. for physical I/O);
10: being swapped;
20: being traced by another process.
.TP
S
The state of the process.
0: nonexistent;
S: sleeping;
W: waiting;
R: running;
I: intermediate;
Z: terminated;
T: stopped.
.TP
UID
The user ID of the process owner.
.TP
PID
The process ID of the process; as in certain cults it is possible to kill a process
if you know its true name.
.TP
PPID
The process ID of the parent process.
.TP
CPU
Processor utilization for scheduling.
.TP
PRI
The priority of the
process; high numbers mean low priority.
.TP
NICE
Used in priority computation.
.TP
ADDR
The core address of the process if resident,
otherwise the disk address.
.TP
SZ
The size in blocks of the core image of the process.
.TP
WCHAN
The event for which the process is waiting or sleeping;
if blank, the process is running.
.TP
TTY
The controlling tty for the process.
.TP
TIME
The cumulative execution time for the process.
.TP TIME
The command and its arguments.
.DT
.PP
A process that has exited and has a parent, but has not
yet been waited for by the parent is marked <defunct>.
.I Ps
makes an educated guess as to the file name
and arguments given when the process was created
by examining core memory or the swap area.
The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event
a process is entitled to destroy this information,
so the names cannot be counted on too much.
.PP
If the
.B k
option is specified,
the file
.I /usr/sys/core
is used in place of
.IR /dev/mem .
This is used for
postmortem system debugging.
If a second argument is given,
it is taken to be the file containing the system's namelist.
.SH FILES
.ta \w'/usr/sys/core 'u
/unix		system namelist
.br
/dev/mem	core memory
.br
/usr/sys/core	alternate core file
.br
/dev		searched to find swap device and tty names
.SH "SEE ALSO"
kill(1)
.SH BUGS
Things can change while
.I ps
is running; the picture it gives is only a close
approximation to reality.
.br
Some data printed for defunct processes is irrelevant
Commit	Line	Data
ffda7c61 KT	1	.TH PS 1 PDP11
	2	.SH NAME
	3	ps \- process status
	4	.SH SYNOPSIS
	5	.B ps
	6	[
	7	.B aklx
	8	]
	9	[ namelist ]
	10	.SH DESCRIPTION
	11	.I Ps
	12	prints certain indicia about active
	13	processes.
	14	The
	15	.B a
	16	option asks for information about all processes with terminals (ordinarily
	17	only one's own processes are displayed);
	18	.B x
	19	asks even about processes with no terminal;
	20	.B l
	21	asks for a long listing.
	22	The short listing contains the process ID, tty letter,
	23	the cumulative execution time of the process and an
	24	approximation to the command line.
	25	.PP
	26	The long listing is columnar and contains
	27	.TP
	28	F
	29	Flags associated with the process.
	30	01: in core;
	31	02: system process;
	32	04: locked in core (e.g. for physical I/O);
	33	10: being swapped;
	34	20: being traced by another process.
	35	.TP
	36	S
	37	The state of the process.
	38	0: nonexistent;
	39	S: sleeping;
	40	W: waiting;
	41	R: running;
	42	I: intermediate;
	43	Z: terminated;
	44	T: stopped.
	45	.TP
	46	UID
	47	The user ID of the process owner.
	48	.TP
	49	PID
	50	The process ID of the process; as in certain cults it is possible to kill a process
	51	if you know its true name.
	52	.TP
	53	PPID
	54	The process ID of the parent process.
	55	.TP
	56	CPU
	57	Processor utilization for scheduling.
	58	.TP
	59	PRI
	60	The priority of the
	61	process; high numbers mean low priority.
	62	.TP
	63	NICE
	64	Used in priority computation.
65	.TP
66	ADDR
67	The core address of the process if resident,
68	otherwise the disk address.
69	.TP
70	SZ
71	The size in blocks of the core image of the process.
72	.TP
73	WCHAN
74	The event for which the process is waiting or sleeping;
75	if blank, the process is running.
76	.TP
77	TTY
78	The controlling tty for the process.
79	.TP
80	TIME
81	The cumulative execution time for the process.
82	.TP TIME
83	The command and its arguments.
84	.DT
85	.PP
86	A process that has exited and has a parent, but has not
87	yet been waited for by the parent is marked <defunct>.
88	.I Ps
89	makes an educated guess as to the file name
90	and arguments given when the process was created
91	by examining core memory or the swap area.
92	The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event
93	a process is entitled to destroy this information,
94	so the names cannot be counted on too much.
95	.PP
96	If the
97	.B k
98	option is specified,
99	the file
100	.I /usr/sys/core
101	is used in place of
102	.IR /dev/mem .
103	This is used for
104	postmortem system debugging.
105	If a second argument is given,
106	it is taken to be the file containing the system's namelist.
107	.SH FILES
108	.ta \w'/usr/sys/core 'u
109	/unix system namelist
110	.br
111	/dev/mem core memory
112	.br
113	/usr/sys/core alternate core file
114	.br
115	/dev searched to find swap device and tty names
116	.SH "SEE ALSO"
117	kill(1)
118	.SH BUGS
119	Things can change while
120	.I ps
121	is running; the picture it gives is only a close
122	approximation to reality.
123	.br
124	Some data printed for defunct processes is irrelevant