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1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1988 Regents of the University of California. |
2 | .\" All rights reserved. | |
3 | .\" | |
4 | .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by | |
5 | .\" Symmetric Computer Systems. | |
6 | .\" | |
7 | .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | |
8 | .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions | |
9 | .\" are met: | |
10 | .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | |
11 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | |
12 | .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | |
13 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | |
14 | .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | |
15 | .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software | |
16 | .\" must display the following acknowledgement: | |
17 | .\" This product includes software developed by the University of | |
18 | .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. | |
19 | .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors | |
20 | .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software | |
21 | .\" without specific prior written permission. | |
22 | .\" | |
23 | .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND | |
24 | .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE | |
25 | .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE | |
26 | .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE | |
27 | .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL | |
28 | .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS | |
29 | .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) | |
30 | .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT | |
31 | .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY | |
32 | .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF | |
33 | .\" SUCH DAMAGE. | |
34 | .\" | |
35 | .\" @(#)disklabel.8 6.8 (Berkeley) 6/24/90 | |
36 | .\" | |
37 | .TH DISKLABEL 8 "June 24, 1990" | |
38 | .UC 5 | |
39 | .SH NAME | |
40 | disklabel \- read and write disk pack label | |
41 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
42 | .B disklabel | |
43 | [ | |
44 | .B \-r | |
45 | ] | |
46 | .I disk | |
47 | .br | |
48 | .B disklabel \-w | |
49 | [ | |
50 | .B \-r | |
51 | ] | |
52 | .I disk | |
53 | .I disktype | |
54 | [ | |
55 | .I packid | |
56 | [ | |
57 | .I priboot secboot | |
58 | ] ] | |
59 | .br | |
60 | .B disklabel \-e | |
61 | [ | |
62 | .B \-r | |
63 | ] | |
64 | .I disk | |
65 | .br | |
66 | .B disklabel \-R | |
67 | [ | |
68 | .B \-r | |
69 | ] | |
70 | .I disk protofile | |
71 | [ | |
72 | .I priboot secboot | |
73 | ] | |
74 | .br | |
75 | .B disklabel | |
76 | [ | |
77 | .B \-NW | |
78 | ] | |
79 | .I disk | |
80 | .SH DESCRIPTION | |
81 | .I Disklabel | |
82 | can be used to install, examine or modify the label on a disk drive or pack. | |
83 | When writing the label, it can be used | |
84 | to change the drive identification, | |
85 | the disk partitions on the drive, | |
86 | or to replace a damaged label or bootstrap. | |
87 | The disk label is located on one of the first sectors | |
88 | of each disk (usually block 0). | |
89 | On machines that require a block-0 bootstrap (VAX 11/750), | |
90 | the label is inserted into the bootstrap program. | |
91 | This information is used by the system disk driver and by the bootstrap | |
92 | program to determine how to program the drive. | |
93 | There are several forms of the command that display, install or modify | |
94 | the label on a disk. | |
95 | Each form has an additional option, | |
96 | .BR \-r , | |
97 | which causes the label to be read from or written to the disk directly, | |
98 | rather than going through the system's in-core copy of the label. | |
99 | When writing, the in-core copy is also updated if possible. | |
100 | This option may allow a label to be installed on a disk | |
101 | without kernel support for a label, such as when labels are first installed | |
102 | on a system; it must be used when first installing a label on a disk. | |
103 | .PP | |
104 | The first form of the command is used to examine the label on the named | |
105 | disk drive (e.g. hp0 or /dev/rhp0c). | |
106 | It will display all of the parameters associated with the drive | |
107 | and its partition layout. | |
108 | Unless the | |
109 | .B \-r | |
110 | flag is given, | |
111 | the kernel's in-core copy of the label is displayed; | |
112 | if the disk has no label, or the partition types on the disk are incorrect, | |
113 | the kernel may have constructed or modified the label. | |
114 | If the | |
115 | .B \-r | |
116 | flag is given, the label from the raw disk will be displayed rather | |
117 | than the in-core label. | |
118 | .PP | |
119 | The second form of the command, with the | |
120 | .B \-w | |
121 | flag, is used to write a standard label on the designated drive. | |
122 | The required arguments to | |
123 | .I disklabel | |
124 | are the drive to be labelled (e.g. hp0), and | |
125 | the drive type as described in the | |
126 | .IR disktab (5) | |
127 | file. | |
128 | The drive parameters and partitions are taken from that file. | |
129 | If different disks of the same physical type are to have different | |
130 | partitions, it will be necessary to have separate disktab entries | |
131 | describing each, or to edit the label after installation as described below. | |
132 | The first optional argument is a pack identification string, | |
133 | up to 16 characters long. | |
134 | The pack id must be quoted if it contains blanks. | |
135 | If the | |
136 | .B \-r | |
137 | flag is given, the disk sectors containing the label and bootstrap | |
138 | will be written directly, | |
139 | otherwise the existing label will be updated in place without modifying | |
140 | the bootstrap. | |
141 | If the disk does not already have a label, the | |
142 | .B \-r | |
143 | flag must be used. | |
144 | In either case, the kernel's in-core label is replaced. | |
145 | .PP | |
146 | Alternate versions of the bootstrap files may be specified | |
147 | after the pack identifier. | |
148 | If an alternate bootstrap is not specified, the standard bootstrap will be used. | |
149 | The bootstrap programs are located in | |
150 | .IR /usr/mdec . | |
151 | The names of the bootstrap programs may be specified in | |
152 | .IR disktab (5); | |
153 | if not specified, | |
154 | the default names are of the form | |
155 | .IR basename boot | |
156 | for the primary (block 0) bootstrap, and | |
157 | .RI boot basename | |
158 | for the secondary (block 1-15) bootstrap; | |
159 | for example, /usr/mdec/hpboot and /usr/mdec/boothp | |
160 | if the disk device is | |
161 | .BR hp0 . | |
162 | .PP | |
163 | An existing disk label may be edited by using the | |
164 | .B \-e | |
165 | flag. | |
166 | The label is read from the in-core kernel copy, | |
167 | or directly from the disk if the | |
168 | .B \-r | |
169 | flag is also given. | |
170 | The label is formatted and then supplied to an editor for changes. | |
171 | If no editor is specified in an EDITOR environment variable, | |
172 | .IR vi (1) | |
173 | is used. | |
174 | When the editor terminates, the formatted label is reread | |
175 | and used to rewrite the disk label. | |
176 | .PP | |
177 | With the | |
178 | .B \-R | |
179 | flag, | |
180 | .I disklabel | |
181 | is capable of restoring a disk label that was formatted | |
182 | in a prior operation and saved in an ascii file. | |
183 | The prototype file used to create the label should be in the same format | |
184 | as that produced when reading or editing a label. | |
185 | Comments are delimited by | |
186 | .B # | |
187 | and newline. | |
188 | If the | |
189 | .B \-r | |
190 | option is also given, | |
191 | a block-0 bootstrap is installed on machines that use one; | |
192 | either the disktype or the names of the bootstrap files must be specified | |
193 | on such machines. | |
194 | .PP | |
195 | Finally, the \fB-NW\fP flags for \fIdisklabel\fP explicitly disallow and | |
196 | allow, respectively, writing of the pack label area on the selected disk. | |
197 | .SH FILES | |
198 | /etc/disktab | |
199 | .br | |
200 | /usr/mdec/\fIxx\fPboot | |
201 | .br | |
202 | /usr/mdec/boot\fIxx\fP | |
203 | .SH "SEE ALSO" | |
204 | disktab(5), disklabel(5) | |
205 | .SH DIAGNOSTICS | |
206 | The kernel device drivers will not allow the size of a disk partition | |
207 | to be decreased or the offset of a partition to be changed while it is open. | |
208 | Some device drivers create a label containing only a single large partition | |
209 | if a disk is unlabeled; thus, the label must be written to the ``a'' | |
210 | partition of the disk while it is open. | |
211 | This sometimes requires the desired label to be set in two steps, | |
212 | the first one creating at least one other partition, | |
213 | and the second setting the label on the new partition | |
214 | while shrinking the ``a'' partition. | |
215 | .SH BUGS | |
216 | When a disk name is given without a full pathname, | |
217 | the constructed device name uses the ``c'' partition on the vax | |
218 | and the ``a'' partition on the tahoe. |