[unix-history] / .ref-BSD-1 / exrefm / exrefm0.n

.nr xx 1
.so tmac.e
.RP
.TL
Ex Reference Manual
.br
Version 1.1 \- November, 1977
.AU
William N. Joy
.AI
Computer Science Division
.br
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
.br
University of California, Berkeley
.br
Berkeley, California  94720
.AB
.Ex
is a
.UX
text editor,
based on and largely compatible with the standard
.UX
editor
.ED .
.Ex
is a line oriented editor and has a
.I command
mode similar to
.ED .
.Ex
also has an
.I open
mode which allows intraline editing on video
terminals,
and a
.I visual
mode for screen oriented editing on
cursor-addressible terminals such as the
.SM "LSI ADM-3A"
and
.SM "HP 2645" .
.Ex
gives a great deal of feedback to the user
prompting for command input,
indicating the scope of changes performed by commands,
and giving diagnostics for all error conditions.
For more experienced users,
.EX
can be made more
.I terse .
The
.EX
user is protected against accidental loss of work by the
.I undo
command,
which can reverse the effect of the last buffer modifying command,
and by sensibility restrictions on the
.I write
command,
which prevent loss of the current file
and the accidental overwriting of other files.
.Ex
has a recovery mechanism which allows work to be saved to within
a few lines of changes after system or editor crashes.
.PP
The
.I "Reference Manual"
provides a concise description of all features of
.I ex ,
summarizing commands,
command variants,
options and
.I open
and
.I visual
modes.
.AE
.LP
.SH
Introduction
.PP
The
reference manual summarizes,
in a concise form,
the features of the text editor
.I ex.
.SH
History of the editor
.PP
.ND
.Ex
is heavily based on the text editor
.ED .
The first versions of
.EX
were modifications of a text editor
.I em
developed at Queen Mary's College in England.
.I Em
was a modified
.I ed
which had some added features which were useful on high-speed
terminals.
The earlier versions of
.I ex
also included features from the modified
.ED
in use at
.SM UCLA ,
and the ideas of the present author and
Charles Haley,
who implemented most of the modifications to
.I em
which resulted in these early versions of
.EX .
Versions of
.EX
have been in use since September, 1976.
Version 1.1 of
.EX
results from a redesign of
.EX
implemented by the present author in the
summer and fall of 1977.
.SH
Acknowledgements
.PP
The author would like to thank Chuck Haley,
who collaborated on the earlier versions of
.EX
and acted as mentor for the design of this version;
Bruce Englar,
who stimulated the redesign of
.EX
and convinced the author of the worth of the intraline
editing facilities;
and his faculty advisor Susan L. Graham.
In addition, a large number of people have contributed ideas to the
development of
.EX ,
aided in its debugging
and in the preparation of documentation.
The author would like to thank
Eric Allman,
Ricki Blau,
Rich Blomseth,
Clint Gilliam,
Steve Glanville,
Ed Gould,
Mike Harrison,
James Joyce,
Howard Katseff,
Ivan Maltz,
Doug Merritt,
David Mosher,
Dick Peters,
Bill Rowan,
Genji Schmeder,
Eric Schmidt,
Jeff Schriebman,
Kurt Shoens,
Bob Tidd,
Bob Toxen,
Mike Ubell,
and
Vance Vaughan.
.bp
Commit	Line	Data
2fd0a8e1 BJ	1	.nr xx 1
	2	.so tmac.e
	3	.RP
	4	.TL
	5	Ex Reference Manual
	6	.br
	7	Version 1.1 \- November, 1977
	8	.AU
	9	William N. Joy
	10	.AI
	11	Computer Science Division
	12	.br
	13	Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
	14	.br
	15	University of California, Berkeley
	16	.br
	17	Berkeley, California 94720
	18	.AB
	19	.Ex
	20	is a
	21	.UX
	22	text editor,
	23	based on and largely compatible with the standard
	24	.UX
	25	editor
	26	.ED .
	27	.Ex
	28	is a line oriented editor and has a
	29	.I command
	30	mode similar to
	31	.ED .
	32	.Ex
	33	also has an
	34	.I open
	35	mode which allows intraline editing on video
	36	terminals,
	37	and a
	38	.I visual
	39	mode for screen oriented editing on
	40	cursor-addressible terminals such as the
	41	.SM "LSI ADM-3A"
	42	and
	43	.SM "HP 2645" .
	44	.Ex
	45	gives a great deal of feedback to the user
	46	prompting for command input,
	47	indicating the scope of changes performed by commands,
	48	and giving diagnostics for all error conditions.
	49	For more experienced users,
	50	.EX
	51	can be made more
	52	.I terse .
	53	The
	54	.EX
	55	user is protected against accidental loss of work by the
	56	.I undo
	57	command,
	58	which can reverse the effect of the last buffer modifying command,
	59	and by sensibility restrictions on the
	60	.I write
	61	command,
	62	which prevent loss of the current file
	63	and the accidental overwriting of other files.
	64	.Ex
65	has a recovery mechanism which allows work to be saved to within
66	a few lines of changes after system or editor crashes.
67	.PP
68	The
69	.I "Reference Manual"
70	provides a concise description of all features of
71	.I ex ,
72	summarizing commands,
73	command variants,
74	options and
75	.I open
76	and
77	.I visual
78	modes.
79	.AE
80	.LP
81	.SH
82	Introduction
83	.PP
84	The
85	reference manual summarizes,
86	in a concise form,
87	the features of the text editor
88	.I ex.
89	.SH
90	History of the editor
91	.PP
92	.ND
93	.Ex
94	is heavily based on the text editor
95	.ED .
96	The first versions of
97	.EX
98	were modifications of a text editor
99	.I em
100	developed at Queen Mary's College in England.
101	.I Em
102	was a modified
103	.I ed
104	which had some added features which were useful on high-speed
105	terminals.
106	The earlier versions of
107	.I ex
108	also included features from the modified
109	.ED
110	in use at
111	.SM UCLA ,
112	and the ideas of the present author and
113	Charles Haley,
114	who implemented most of the modifications to
115	.I em
116	which resulted in these early versions of
117	.EX .
118	Versions of
119	.EX
120	have been in use since September, 1976.
121	Version 1.1 of
122	.EX
123	results from a redesign of
124	.EX
125	implemented by the present author in the
126	summer and fall of 1977.
127	.SH
128	Acknowledgements
129	.PP
130	The author would like to thank Chuck Haley,
131	who collaborated on the earlier versions of
132	.EX
133	and acted as mentor for the design of this version;
134	Bruce Englar,
135	who stimulated the redesign of
136	.EX
137	and convinced the author of the worth of the intraline
138	editing facilities;
139	and his faculty advisor Susan L. Graham.
140	In addition, a large number of people have contributed ideas to the
141	development of
142	.EX ,
143	aided in its debugging
144	and in the preparation of documentation.
145	The author would like to thank
146	Eric Allman,
147	Ricki Blau,
148	Rich Blomseth,
149	Clint Gilliam,
150	Steve Glanville,
151	Ed Gould,
152	Mike Harrison,
153	James Joyce,
154	Howard Katseff,
155	Ivan Maltz,
156	Doug Merritt,
157	David Mosher,
158	Dick Peters,
159	Bill Rowan,
160	Genji Schmeder,
161	Eric Schmidt,
162	Jeff Schriebman,
163	Kurt Shoens,
164	Bob Tidd,
165	Bob Toxen,
166	Mike Ubell,
167	and
168	Vance Vaughan.
169	.bp