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9be3e9fc GCI |
1 | |
2 | FreeBSD | |
3 | Freqently Asked Questions | |
4 | For Version 1.1 and above | |
5 | Please mail all suggestions and additions to FreeBSD-FAQ@freefall.cdrom.com | |
6 | ||
7 | ||
7fa46f7a | 8 | Revision: $Id: FreeBSD.FAQ,v 1.11 1994/04/20 11:45:30 jkh Exp $ |
9be3e9fc GCI |
9 | |
10 | ||
11 | Table of Contents | |
12 | ----------------- | |
13 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
14 | 0 Preface |
15 | 1 Installation | |
16 | 2 Hardware Compatibility | |
17 | 3 Commercial applications | |
18 | 4 User Applications | |
19 | 5 Misc Questions | |
20 | 6 Kernel Configuration | |
21 | 7 System Admin | |
22 | 8 Networking | |
23 | 9 Serial Communications | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
24 | |
25 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
26 | 0 Preface |
27 | --------- | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
28 | |
29 | Welcome to the FreeBSD 1.1 FAQ! This document tries to answer some of | |
30 | the most frequently asked questions about FreeBSD 1.1 (or later, unless | |
31 | specifically indicated). If there's something you're having trouble | |
32 | with and you just don't see it here, then please send mail to: | |
33 | ||
34 | freebsd-questions@freefall.cdrom.com | |
35 | ||
36 | ||
37 | Some of the instructions here will also refer to auxilliary utilities | |
38 | in the /usr/src/contrib/FAQ directory. CDROM purchasers and net folks who've | |
39 | grabbed the FreeBSD 1.1 `srcdist' will have these files. If you don't have | |
40 | the source distribution, then you can either grab the whole thing from: | |
41 | ||
42 | freebsd.cdrom.com:~ftp/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-1.1 | |
43 | ||
44 | Or you can grab only those files you're interested in straight out of the | |
45 | FreeBSD-current distribution in: | |
46 | ||
47 | freebsd.cdrom.com:~ftp/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src | |
48 | ||
58b988d7 | 49 | 0.1 What is FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
50 | |
51 | FreeBSD is a UN*X type operating system based on William Jolitz's port | |
52 | of UCB's Networking Release 2 to the i386, 386BSD. It is no longer | |
32e6aeb0 JH |
53 | correct to say that FreeBSD is only 386BSD with the patchkit applied! There |
54 | have been many additions and bug fixes made throughout the entire system, | |
55 | some of the highlights of which are: | |
56 | ||
57 | More robust and extensive PC device support | |
58 | SysV IPC, messaging and semaphores | |
59 | Shared Libraries | |
60 | Much improved virtual memory code | |
61 | Better console driver support | |
62 | Network booting (diskless) support | |
63 | /proc filesystem | |
64 | Yellow Pages support | |
65 | `LDT' support for WINE (primitive but developing Windows emulation) | |
66 | Too many additional utilities and applications to mention | |
67 | ||
9be3e9fc | 68 | |
58b988d7 | 69 | 0.2 What are the FreeBSD mailing lists, and how can I get on them? |
9be3e9fc | 70 | |
32e6aeb0 JH |
71 | The following mailing lists are provided for FreeBSD users and developers. |
72 | For more information, send to majordomo@freefall.cdrom.com and include a | |
73 | single line saying "help" in the body of your message. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
74 | |
75 | freebsd-hackers: Useful for persons wishing to work on the internals. | |
76 | freebsd-questions: General questions on FreeBSD. | |
77 | freebsd-bugs: Where bugs should be sent. | |
32e6aeb0 | 78 | freebsd-commit: This list caries the commit messages for freefall. Useful |
9be3e9fc GCI |
79 | for tracking ongoing work. |
80 | freebsd-scsi: Mailing list for SCSI developers. | |
81 | freebsd-current: This list is for persons wishing to run FreeBSD-current | |
32e6aeb0 | 82 | and caries announcements and discussions on current. |
9be3e9fc GCI |
83 | |
84 | Please see also the FreeBSD mailing list FAQ in: | |
32e6aeb0 JH |
85 | |
86 | /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/OTHER-FAQS/FreeBSD.mailing-list.FAQ | |
9be3e9fc | 87 | |
58b988d7 | 88 | 0.3 What are the various FreeBSD news groups? |
9be3e9fc | 89 | |
32e6aeb0 | 90 | While there are no groups currently dedicated to FreeBSD, you may find the |
9be3e9fc GCI |
91 | following groups useful. |
92 | ||
93 | comp.os.386bsd.announce: For announcements | |
94 | comp.os.386bsd.questions: For questions | |
95 | comp.os.386bsd.development: For working on the internals | |
96 | comp.os.386bsd.bugs: About bugs | |
97 | comp.os.386bsd.misc: For items that don't fit anywhere else | |
98 | ||
32e6aeb0 | 99 | NOTE: These groups cover all the *BSDs (FreeBSD, NetBSD, 386BSD). |
9be3e9fc GCI |
100 | |
101 | ||
102 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
103 | 1 Installation |
104 | -------------- | |
9be3e9fc | 105 | |
58b988d7 | 106 | 1.1: I just installed my system and rebooted. Now I can't find the |
9be3e9fc GCI |
107 | extract or configure programs, where did they go? |
108 | ||
28d2f186 | 109 | These two commands are just shell functions defined in /.profile. To |
58b988d7 | 110 | get these back, or boot FreeBSD with a `-s' at the boot prompt. |
9be3e9fc GCI |
111 | |
112 | ||
7fa46f7a JH |
113 | 1.2: I want to install FreeBSD onto a SCSI disk that has more than |
114 | 1024 cylinders. How do I do it? | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
115 | |
116 | This depends. If you don't have DOS (or another operating system) on the | |
117 | system, you can just keep the drive in native mode and simply make sure that | |
118 | your root partition is below 1024 so the bios can boot the kernel from it. | |
119 | It you also have DOS/some other OS on the drive then your best bet is to find | |
120 | out what parameters that it thinks you have before installing FreeBSD. When | |
121 | FreeBSD's installation procedure prompts you for these values, you should then | |
122 | enter them rather than simply going with the defaults. | |
123 | ||
124 | There is a freely available utility distributed with FreeBSD called `pfdisk' | |
125 | (located in the tools/ subdirectory) which can be used for this purpose. | |
126 | ||
127 | ||
58b988d7 | 128 | 1.3: When I boot FreeBSD it says "Missing Operating System". |
9be3e9fc | 129 | |
58b988d7 | 130 | See above (1.2). This is classicaly a case of FreeBSD and DOS or some other |
9be3e9fc GCI |
131 | OS conflicting over their ideas of disk geometry. You will have to reinstall |
132 | FreeBSD, but obeying the instructions given above will almost always get you | |
133 | going. | |
134 | ||
135 | ||
58b988d7 | 136 | 1.4: I have an IDE drive with lots of bad blocks on it and FreeBSD doesn't |
9be3e9fc GCI |
137 | seem to install properly. |
138 | ||
139 | FreeBSD's bad block (bad144) handling is still not 100% (to put it charitably) | |
140 | and it must unfortunately be said that if you've got an IDE or ESDI drive | |
141 | with lots of bad blocks, then FreeBSD is probably not for you! That said, it | |
142 | does work on thousands of IDE based systems, so you'd do well to try it first | |
32e6aeb0 | 143 | before simply giving up. |
9be3e9fc | 144 | |
28d2f186 GW |
145 | IDE drives are *supposed* to come with built-in bad-block remapping; |
146 | if you have documentation for your drive, you may want to see if this | |
147 | feature has been disabled on your drive. However, ESDI, RLL, and | |
148 | ST-506 drives normally do not do this. | |
149 | ||
9be3e9fc | 150 | |
58b988d7 | 151 | 1.5: I have 32MB of memory, should I expect any special problems? |
9be3e9fc | 152 | |
28d2f186 GW |
153 | If you have an IDE controller, no. Likewise, if you have a full EISA |
154 | system with EISA disk controller or a working local bus controller | |
155 | (read further) you'll have no problems. If you have an ISA system, or | |
156 | an EISA system with an ISA disk controller then you will most | |
157 | certainly have problems with the upper 16MB of memory due to the ISA | |
158 | 24 bit DMA limitation (which ISA cards in EISA systems will also | |
159 | exhibit). If you have a local bus disk controller, then you should be | |
160 | OK, UNLESS it's a Buslogic Bt445S with a revision less than `D' (BIOS | |
161 | 3.36 or earlier). Never fear, however, as all is not lost. | |
162 | FreeBSD-current (and the upcoming FreeBSD 1.2) have bounce-buffer | |
163 | support that make all of the above scenarios work with a full 32MB of | |
164 | memory or more. You are therefore advised to simply pull 16MB of | |
165 | memory out, install, and then see about upgrading to FreeBSD-current | |
166 | or FreeBSD 1.2 (when it comes out) so that you can put it back. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
167 | |
168 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
169 | 1.6: Do I need to install the complete sources? |
170 | ||
171 | In general, no. However, we would strongly recommend that you | |
172 | install, at a minimum, the `base' source kit, which includes several | |
173 | of the files mentioned here, and the `sys' (kernel) source kit, which | |
174 | includes sources for the kernel. There is nothing in the system which | |
175 | requires the presence of the sources to operate, however, except for | |
176 | the kernel-configuration program config(8). With the exception of the | |
177 | kernel sources, our build structure is set up so that you can | |
178 | read-only mount the sources from elsewhere via NFS and still be able | |
179 | to make new binaries. (Because of the kernel-source restriction, we | |
180 | recommend that you not mount this on /usr/src directly, but rather in | |
181 | some other location with appropriate symbolic links to duplicate the | |
182 | top-level structure of the source tree.) | |
183 | ||
184 | Having the sources on-line and knowing how to build a system with them | |
185 | will make it much easier for you to upgrade to future releases of | |
186 | FreeBSD. | |
187 | ||
188 | 1.7: DES encryption software can not be exported from the United | |
875be44f GR |
189 | States. If I live outside the US, how can I encrypt passwords? |
190 | ||
191 | Since the DES encryption algorithm, which is used by passwd(1) and | |
192 | friends to encrypt passwords cannot legally be exported from the US, | |
193 | non-US users should not download this software from US ftp sites. | |
194 | ||
195 | There is however a replacement libcrypt available, based on sources | |
196 | written in Australia by David Burren. This code is now available on | |
197 | some non-US FreeBSD mirror sites. Sources for the unencumbered | |
198 | librypt, and binaries of the programs which use it, can be obtained | |
199 | from the following ftp sites: | |
7fa46f7a | 200 | |
875be44f GR |
201 | South Africa: braae.ru.ac.za:/pub/FreeBSD/securedist/ |
202 | owl.und.ac.za (currently uncertain) | |
203 | Iceland: ftp.veda.is:/pub/crypt/FreeBSD/ | |
204 | ||
205 | The non-US securedist can be used as a direct replacement for the | |
206 | encumbered US securedist. This securedist package is installed the | |
207 | same way as the US package (see installation notes for details). | |
208 | If you are going to install DES encryption, you should do so as soon | |
209 | as possible, before installing other software. | |
210 | ||
211 | Non-US users should please not download any encryption software from | |
212 | the USA. This can get the maintainers of the sites from which the | |
213 | software is downloaded into severe legal difficulties. | |
214 | ||
215 | A non-US distribution of Kerberos is also being developed, and current | |
216 | versions can generally be obtained by anonymous ftp from braae.ru.ac.za. | |
217 | ||
218 | There is also a mailing list for the discussion of non-US encryption | |
7fa46f7a | 219 | software. For more information, send an email message with a single |
875be44f GR |
220 | line saying "help" in the body of your message to majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za. |
221 | ||
222 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
223 | 2 Hardware compatibility |
224 | ------------------------ | |
9be3e9fc | 225 | |
58b988d7 | 226 | 2.1: What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD run on? |
9be3e9fc | 227 | |
28d2f186 GW |
228 | FreeBSD supports ST-506 (sometimes called ``MFM''), RLL, and ESDI |
229 | drives, which are usually connected to WD-1002, WD-1003, or WD-1006 | |
875be44f GR |
230 | controllers (although clones should also work). FreeBSD also supports |
231 | IDE and SCSI hard drives. | |
9be3e9fc | 232 | |
58b988d7 | 233 | 2.2: What SCSI controllers are supported? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
234 | |
235 | FreeBSD supports the following SCSI controllers: | |
236 | ||
28d2f186 | 237 | Adaptec AH-1542 Series <ISA> |
9be3e9fc | 238 | AH-1742 Series <EISA> |
58b988d7 | 239 | Buslogic BT-445 Series <VLB> (but see section 1.5) |
9be3e9fc GCI |
240 | BT-545 Series <ISA> |
241 | BT-742 Series <EISA> | |
242 | UltraStor UH-14f Series <ISA> | |
4a219cbb | 243 | UH-34f Series <EISA/VLB> |
9be3e9fc GCI |
244 | |
245 | There is supposed to be a UltraStor 24f driver floating around, but we're | |
246 | not sure where (could someone please point us at it?). Note that we do | |
247 | NOT support `Future Domain' or `IN2000' SCSI controllers, typically | |
248 | the little $50 specials you get with some CDROM drives. You will have to | |
28d2f186 GW |
249 | buy a more mainstream (and capable) SCSI controller. The Buslogic |
250 | controllers are currently the easiest to get. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
251 | |
252 | ||
58b988d7 | 253 | 2.3: What CD-ROM drives are supported by FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
254 | |
255 | Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller. | |
256 | Mitsumi LU002(8bit), LU005(16bit) and FX001D(16bit 2x Speed). | |
257 | ||
28d2f186 GW |
258 | FreeBSD does NOT support drives connected to a Sound Blaster or |
259 | non-SCSI SONY or Panasonic drives. A general rule of thumb when | |
260 | selecting a CDROM drive for FreeBSD use is to buy a very standard SCSI | |
261 | model; they cost more, but deliver very solid performance in return. | |
262 | Do not be fooled by very cheap drives that, in turn, deliver VERY LOW | |
263 | performance! As always, you get what you pay for. | |
264 | ||
265 | The Mitsumi driver is known to be extremely slow compared to SCSI | |
266 | drives. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
267 | |
268 | ||
58b988d7 | 269 | 2.4: What multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
270 | |
271 | AST/4 and BOCA 4/8 port cards. Some unnamed clone cards have also been | |
272 | known to work, especially those that claim to be AST compatible. Check | |
273 | the man page for `sio' to get more information on configuring such cards. | |
274 | ||
275 | ||
58b988d7 | 276 | 2.5: Does FreeBSD support the AHA-2742 SCSI adapter from Adaptec? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
277 | |
278 | No, FreeBSD does not. This is due to Adaptec's unwillingness to supply | |
279 | programing information under other than non-disclosure. This is unfortunate. | |
280 | ||
281 | ||
58b988d7 | 282 | 2.6: I have a XXXX bus mouse. Is it supported and if so, how do I set |
9be3e9fc GCI |
283 | it up for XFree86? |
284 | ||
28d2f186 GW |
285 | FreeBSD supports the Logitech and ATI Inport bus mice. You need to |
286 | add the following line to the kernel config file and recompile for the | |
287 | Logitech and ATI mice: | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
288 | |
289 | device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq6 vector mseintr | |
290 | ||
291 | ||
58b988d7 | 292 | 2.7: I have a PS/2 mouse (`keyboard' mouse) [Alternatively: I have a |
9be3e9fc GCI |
293 | laptop with a trackball mouse]. How do I use it? |
294 | ||
32e6aeb0 | 295 | For the PS/2 mouse you need to look in /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/programs/psm, |
9be3e9fc GCI |
296 | which is John Solhed's port of the Linux PS/2 mouse driver. |
297 | ||
298 | Follow the directions in the package. You will also need to change your | |
299 | Xconfig file to point to the mouse. | |
300 | ||
301 | ||
58b988d7 | 302 | 2.8: What types of tape drives are supported under FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
303 | |
304 | FreeBSD supports SCSI, QIC-02 and QIC-40/80 (Floppy based) tape drives. | |
305 | This includes Exabyte and DAT drives. | |
306 | ||
307 | ||
58b988d7 | 308 | 2.9: What sound cards are supported by FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
309 | |
310 | FreeBSD supports the SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, Pro Audio Spectrum 16, | |
311 | AdLib and Gravis UltraSound sound cards. There is also limited support | |
312 | for MPU-401 and compatible midi cards. The SoundBlaster 16 and | |
313 | SoundBlaster 16 ASP cards are not yet supported. | |
314 | NOTE: This is only for sound! This driver does not support CD-ROMs, SCSI | |
315 | or joysticks on these cards. | |
316 | ||
317 | ||
58b988d7 | 318 | 2.10: What network cards does FreeBSD support? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
319 | |
320 | There is support for the following cards: | |
9be3e9fc | 321 | |
28d2f186 GW |
322 | `ed' driver: |
323 | NE2000 and 1000 | |
324 | WD/SMC 8003,8013 and Elite Ultra (8216) | |
325 | 3Com 3c503 | |
326 | And clones of the above | |
327 | ||
328 | `ie' driver: | |
329 | AT&T EN100/StarLAN 10 | |
330 | ||
331 | `il' driver: | |
332 | Isolan AT 4141-0 | |
333 | Isolink 4110 | |
334 | ||
335 | `ep' driver: | |
336 | 3com 3c509 (*) | |
337 | ||
338 | ||
339 | (*)The `ep' driver is known to have some problems; see the | |
340 | /usr/src/KNOWNBUGS file for more details. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
341 | |
342 | ||
58b988d7 | 343 | 2.11: I have a 386/486sx/486SLC machine without a math co-processor. |
d73430f6 JH |
344 | Will this cause me any problems? |
345 | ||
346 | Generally no, but there are circumstances where you will take a hit, | |
347 | either in performance or accuracy of the math emulation code (see | |
58b988d7 | 348 | section 4.1). In particular, drawing arcs in X will be VERY slow. |
d73430f6 JH |
349 | It is highly recommended that you lay out the $50 or so for a math |
350 | co-processor; it's well worth it. NOTE: Some math co-processors | |
351 | are better than others. It pains us to say it, but nobody ever got | |
352 | fired for buying Intel. Unless you're sure it works with FreeBSD, | |
353 | beware of clones. | |
354 | ||
355 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
356 | 3 Commercial Applications |
357 | ------------------------- | |
9be3e9fc | 358 | |
28d2f186 GW |
359 | Note: This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of |
360 | course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no | |
361 | financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply | |
362 | lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest in | |
363 | FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term | |
364 | viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their | |
365 | entries here for inclusion. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
366 | |
367 | ||
58b988d7 | 368 | 3.1 Where can I get Motif for FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc | 369 | |
32e6aeb0 JH |
370 | Sequoia International provides commercial quality Motif 1.2.3 |
371 | development kits for FreeBSD 1.1 (with full shared library support) under | |
372 | the product name of `SWiM'. Due to licensing restrictions from the OSF, and | |
373 | the fact that Sequoia needs to make a living, these are NOT FREE, but | |
374 | nonetheless quite reasonably priced in comparison to many other commercial | |
375 | Motif distributions. Send electronic mail to `info@seq.com' for further | |
376 | information. | |
9be3e9fc | 377 | |
58b988d7 | 378 | 3.2 What about other commercial quality development systems for FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc | 379 | |
38b6cb21 JH |
380 | ParcPlace Systems, Inc., who currently provides their excellent |
381 | `Object Interface & Object Builder' GUI development environment | |
382 | free of charge to Linux users, is considering the the FreeBSD | |
383 | platform and will make their intentions known fairly shortly. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
384 | |
385 | ||
386 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
387 | 4 User Applications |
388 | ------------------- | |
9be3e9fc | 389 | |
58b988d7 | 390 | 4.1: I want to run X, how do I go about it? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
391 | |
392 | First, get the XFree86 distribution of X11R5 from XFree86.cdrom.com. The | |
393 | version you want for FreeBSD 1.1 and later is XFree86 2.1. Follow the | |
394 | instructions for installation carefully. You may then wish to read the | |
395 | documentation for the ConfigXF86 tool, which assists you in configuring | |
396 | XFree86 for your particular graphics card/mouse/etc. | |
397 | ||
398 | ||
58b988d7 | 399 | 4.1: I've been trying to run ghostscript on a 386 (or 486sx) with no |
80df965c | 400 | math co-processor and I keep getting errors. Whats up? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
401 | |
402 | The problem here is due to the current FreeBSD math-emulator. You need to | |
80df965c JH |
403 | pick up the sources to an alternate emulation package, which you may find in: |
404 | ||
28d7fa3d | 405 | /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/programs/fpu-emu |
9be3e9fc | 406 | |
80df965c JH |
407 | Follow the instructions supplied. |
408 | ||
9be3e9fc | 409 | This is a port of an older Linux math-emulator. At some point, FreeBSD's |
80df965c | 410 | default math emulator will be good enough that you can forget about |
9be3e9fc GCI |
411 | having to do this. |
412 | ||
413 | ||
58b988d7 | 414 | 4.2: If I want something like seyon, term, kermit, emacs or any one of |
9be3e9fc GCI |
415 | hundreds of popular freeware utilities, is there a good place to |
416 | search through first? | |
417 | ||
418 | Yes, the FreeBSD `ports collection' was put together for just that purpose. | |
419 | It contains some of the most often requested languages, editors, mail and | |
420 | news reading programs, network software and many many megabytes of other | |
421 | types of useful goodies. CDROM people will probably have the ports collection | |
422 | already in /usr/ports, other folks can get at the latest snapshot of the | |
423 | entire collection in: | |
424 | ||
425 | freebsd.cdrom.com:~ftp/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/ports | |
426 | ||
427 | Note that freebsd's ftp server permits getting entire directories as one | |
428 | (optionally gzip'd or compressed) tar file. Read the ftp welcome banner | |
429 | carefully for details. | |
430 | ||
431 | ||
58b988d7 | 432 | 4.3: I want all this neat software, but I haven't got the space or |
9be3e9fc GCI |
433 | CPU power to compile it all myself. Is there any way of getting |
434 | binaries? | |
435 | ||
28d2f186 GW |
436 | Yes. We support the concept of a `package', which is essentially a |
437 | gzip'd binary distribution with a little extra intelligence imbeded in | |
438 | it for doing any custom installation work required. Packages can also | |
439 | be installed or deinstalled again easily without having to know the | |
440 | gory details. CDROM people will have a packages/ directory on their | |
441 | CD, others can get the currently available packages from: | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
442 | |
443 | freebsd.cdrom.com:~ftp/pub/FreeBSD/packages-1.1 | |
444 | ||
445 | Note that all ports may not be available as packages, and that new | |
446 | packages are constantly being added. It is always a good idea to | |
447 | check periodically to see which packages are available. A README | |
448 | file in the packages directory provides more details on the care | |
449 | and feeding of the package software, so no explicit details will | |
450 | be given here. | |
451 | ||
7fa46f7a | 452 | |
58b988d7 GW |
453 | 5 Misc Questions |
454 | ---------------- | |
9be3e9fc | 455 | |
58b988d7 | 456 | 5.1: I've heard of something called FreeBSD-current. How do I run it, and |
9be3e9fc GCI |
457 | where can I get more information? |
458 | ||
459 | Read the file /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/OTHER-FAQS/FreeBSD.current.policy, it | |
460 | will tell you all you need to know. | |
461 | ||
462 | ||
58b988d7 | 463 | 5.2: What is this thing called `sup', and how do I use it? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
464 | |
465 | SUP stands for Software Update Protocol, and was developed by CMU for | |
466 | keeping their development trees in sync. We use it to keep remote sites | |
467 | in sync with our central development sources. | |
468 | ||
469 | To use it, you need to have direct internet connectivity (not just | |
470 | mail or news). First, pick up the sup_bin.tgz package from: | |
471 | ||
472 | freebsd.cdrom.com:/pub/FreeBSD/packages | |
473 | ||
474 | Second, read the file /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/OTHER-FAQS/FreeBSD.sup.faq. | |
475 | ||
476 | This file describes how to setup sup on your machine. You may also | |
28d2f186 | 477 | want to look at /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/OTHER-FAQS/FreeBSD.*.supfile, |
9be3e9fc GCI |
478 | which are a set of supfiles for supping from freefall.cdrom.com |
479 | ||
480 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
481 | 5.3: How do I create customized installation disks that I can give |
482 | out to other people at my site? | |
483 | ||
484 | The entire process of creating installation disks and source and | |
485 | binary archives is automated by various targets in | |
486 | /usr/src/etc/Makefile. The information there should be enough to get | |
487 | you started. | |
9be3e9fc | 488 | |
58b988d7 GW |
489 | 5.4: How do I re-build my system without clobbering the existing |
490 | installed binaries? | |
491 | ||
492 | If you define the environment variable DESTDIR while running `make | |
493 | world' or `make install', the newly-created binaries will be deposited | |
494 | in a directory tree identical to the installed one, rooted at | |
495 | ${DESTDIR}. Some random combination of shared libraries modifications | |
496 | and program rebuilds can cause this to fail in `make world', however. | |
497 | ||
498 | ||
499 | 6 Kernel Configuration | |
500 | ---------------------- | |
501 | ||
502 | 6.1: When I compile a kernel with multi-port serial code, it tells me | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
503 | that only the first port is probed and the rest skiped due to |
504 | interupt conflicts. How do I fix this? | |
505 | ||
506 | The problem here is that FreeBSD has code built-in to keep the kernel from | |
507 | getting trashed due to hardware or software conflicts. The way to fix this | |
508 | is to leave out the irq settings on other ports besides the first. Here is | |
509 | a example: | |
510 | ||
511 | # | |
512 | # Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS | |
513 | # | |
514 | device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr | |
515 | device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr | |
516 | device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr | |
517 | device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr | |
518 | ||
519 | You may also want to look at the multi-port serial FAQ in | |
520 | /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/OTHER-FAQS/multi-port.serial.FAQ. | |
521 | ||
522 | ||
58b988d7 | 523 | 6.2: FreeBSD is supposed to come with support for QIC-40/80 drives but |
7fa46f7a | 524 | when I look, I can't find it. |
9be3e9fc GCI |
525 | |
526 | You need to uncomment the following line in the generic config file (or add | |
527 | it to your config file) and recompile. | |
528 | ||
529 | controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr | |
530 | disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 | |
531 | disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 | |
532 | #tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2 | |
533 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
534 | ||
535 | ||
58b988d7 | 536 | 6.3: Does FreeBSD support IPC primitives like those in System V? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
537 | |
538 | Yes, FreeBSD supports SYSV IPC. This includes shared memory, messages and | |
539 | semaphores. You need to add the following lines to your kernel config to | |
540 | enable them. | |
541 | ||
542 | options SYSVSHM | |
543 | options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory | |
544 | options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores | |
545 | options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging | |
546 | ||
547 | Recompile and install. | |
548 | ||
549 | ||
58b988d7 | 550 | 6.4: Are there any utilities that make configuring a kernel easier? |
4a219cbb JH |
551 | |
552 | Well, yes and no. Look in /sys/i386/doc/options.doc (/sys/doc on post 1.1 | |
553 | systems) for a list of kernel options you can set, and what they do. For | |
554 | a friendlier front-end to the process, see /usr/src/contrib/configit | |
555 | ||
556 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
557 | 6.5: Will FreeBSD ever support other architectures? |
558 | ||
559 | Several different groups have expressed interest in working on | |
560 | multi-architecture support for FreeBSD. If you are interested in | |
561 | doing so, please contact the developers at | |
562 | <FreeBSD-hackers@freefall.cdrom.com> for more information on our | |
563 | strategy for porting. | |
564 | ||
565 | 6.6: I just wrote a device driver for a Foobar Systems, Inc. | |
566 | Integrated Adaptive Gronkulator card. How do I get the | |
567 | appropriate major numbers assigned? | |
568 | ||
569 | This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver | |
570 | publically available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the | |
571 | driver source code, plus the appropriate modifications to files.i386, | |
572 | a sample configuration file entry, and the appropriate MAKEDEV code to | |
573 | create any special files your device uses. If you do not, or are | |
574 | unable to because of licensing restrictions, then character major | |
575 | number 32 and block major number 8 have been reserved specifically for | |
576 | this purpose; please use them. In any case, we'd appreciate hearing | |
577 | about your driver on <FreeBSD-hackers@freefall.cdrom.com>. | |
9be3e9fc | 578 | |
9be3e9fc | 579 | |
58b988d7 GW |
580 | 7 System Administration |
581 | ----------------------- | |
582 | ||
583 | 7.1: How do I add a user easily? I read the man page and am more confused | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
584 | than ever! [Alternatively: I didn't read the man page, I never read |
585 | man pages! :-) ] | |
586 | ||
587 | Look at Gary Clark's perl package "AddIt", which may be found in | |
73debfe2 JH |
588 | /usr/src/contrib/adduser. This is a first attempt at solving the problem |
589 | and may be replaced with a more complex but capable solution later. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
590 | |
591 | ||
58b988d7 | 592 | 7.2: I'm trying to use my printer and keep running into problems. I tried |
7fa46f7a | 593 | looking at /etc/printcap, but it's close to useless. Any ideas? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
594 | |
595 | Yes, you can pick up Andreas Klemm's apsfilter package from: | |
596 | ||
58b988d7 | 597 | ftp.germany.eu.net:pub/comp/i386/Linux/Local.EUnet/People/akl/apsfilter-1.11.gz |
9be3e9fc | 598 | |
4a219cbb JH |
599 | This is a complete package for printing text, PS and DVI files. It |
600 | requires ghostscript and dvips. | |
80df965c | 601 | |
58b988d7 GW |
602 | If you are looking for a simple printcap just for PS and text files, |
603 | try picking up the printcap01 sources in: | |
80df965c | 604 | |
28d7fa3d | 605 | /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/programs/printcap01 |
9be3e9fc GCI |
606 | |
607 | NOTE: We're looking for printcap entrys for all printers. If you have | |
608 | one, or a filter for one, please send it or mail us a pointer to | |
609 | FreeBSD-FAQ@freefall.cdrom.com. Thanks! | |
610 | ||
611 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
612 | 8 Networking |
613 | ------------ | |
9be3e9fc | 614 | |
58b988d7 | 615 | 8.1: Where can I get information booting FreeBSD `diskless', that is |
9be3e9fc GCI |
616 | booting and running a FreeBSD box from a server rather than having |
617 | a local disk? | |
618 | ||
80df965c | 619 | Please read /sys/i386/netboot/netboot.doc. |
9be3e9fc GCI |
620 | |
621 | ||
58b988d7 | 622 | 8.2: I've heard that you can use a FreeBSD box as a dedicated network |
9be3e9fc GCI |
623 | router - is there any easy support for this? |
624 | ||
28d2f186 GW |
625 | Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit us from |
626 | providing packet forwarding by default in FreeBSD. You can enable | |
627 | this support by adding `options GATEWAY' to your kernel configuration | |
628 | file and recompiling. In most cases, you will also need to run a | |
629 | routing process to tell other systems on your network about your | |
630 | router; FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon routed(8), | |
631 | or for more complex situations you may want to try GateD (available by | |
632 | FTP from gated.cornell.edu). | |
633 | ||
634 | It is our duty to warn you that, even when FreeBSD is configured in | |
635 | this way, it does not completely comply with the Internet standard | |
636 | requirements for routers; however, it comes close enough for ordinary | |
637 | usage. | |
638 | ||
639 | There is a standard `router floppy' that you can boot on a FreeBSD | |
80df965c JH |
640 | machine to configure it as a network router. Please look in: |
641 | ||
7fa46f7a | 642 | freefall.cdrom.com:~ftp/pub/incoming/freertr/ |
80df965c | 643 | |
58b988d7 | 644 | and follow the instructions. |
9be3e9fc GCI |
645 | |
646 | ||
58b988d7 | 647 | 8.3: Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
648 | |
649 | Yes. See the man pages for slattach and/or pppd if you're using FreeBSD | |
650 | to connect to another site. If you're using FreeBSD as a server for other | |
651 | machines, look at the man page for `sliplogin'. | |
652 | ||
58b988d7 | 653 | 8.4: How do I set up NTP? |
28d2f186 GW |
654 | |
655 | NTP configuration is so complex and widely variable from site to site | |
656 | that it would be impossible to make a blanket statement here. Your | |
657 | best bet is to ask whoever's in charge of NTP at your site or network | |
658 | provider; chances are that they are running a similar version of NTP | |
659 | to the one that we provide, and they can probably provide you with the | |
660 | right configuration files to get things going. | |
661 | ||
662 | If you can't find anyone in charge, you should examine the files in | |
663 | /usr/src/contrib/xntpd/doc and see if they help any. If not, you | |
664 | could ask on the comp.protocols.time.ntp newsgroup, or the | |
665 | `ntp@ni.umd.edu' mailing-list. | |
666 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
667 | 8.5: How do I get my network set up? I don't see how to make my |
668 | /dev/ed0 device! | |
28d2f186 | 669 | |
58b988d7 GW |
670 | In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only |
671 | accessible directly by kernel code. Please see the /etc/netstart file | |
672 | and the manual pages for the various network programs mentioned there | |
673 | for more information. If this leaves you totally confused, then you | |
674 | should pick up a book describing network administration on another | |
675 | BSD-related operating system; with few significant exceptions, | |
676 | administering networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS | |
677 | 4.0 or Ultrix. | |
678 | ||
679 | 8.6: How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port? | |
680 | ||
681 | Use `ifconfig ed0' to see whether the ALTPHYS flag is set, and then | |
682 | use either `ifconfig ed0 altphys' if it was off, or `ifconfig ed0 | |
683 | -altphys' if it was on. | |
684 | ||
685 | ||
686 | 9 Serial Communications | |
687 | ----------------------- | |
9be3e9fc | 688 | |
58b988d7 | 689 | 9.1: When I do a set line in kermit it locks up, whats the problem? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
690 | |
691 | The problem here is that FreeBSD thinks it's talking to a incoming | |
692 | modem connection, and is waiting for carrier to come up on it before | |
693 | completing the open. To disable modem control, do an: | |
694 | ||
695 | stty -f /dev/ttyXX clocal | |
696 | ||
697 | (Where `ttyXX' is the tty port you're using). If you use a given port | |
698 | only for outgoing connections, you may wish to put this command in | |
699 | your /etc/rc.local to avoid having to do it every time you reboot | |
700 | your system. | |
701 | ||
702 | ||
703 | NOTE: Anyone wishing to submit a FAQ entry on how to get tip and cu working | |
704 | would have it much appreciated! We all use kermit over here! :-) | |
705 | ||
706 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
707 | If you see a problem with this FAQ, or wish to submit an entry, please mail | |
708 | us at FreeBSD-FAQ@freefall.cdrom.com. We appreciate your feedback, and cannot | |
709 | make this a better FAQ without your help! | |
710 | ||
711 | ||
712 | FreeBSD Core Team | |
713 | ||
714 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
715 | ||
716 | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: | |
717 | ||
718 | Gary Clark II - Our head FreeBSD FAQ maintanance man | |
719 | Jordan Hubbard - Janitorial services (I don't do windows) | |
720 | Robert Oliver, Jr. - Invaluable feedback and contributions | |
721 | The FreeBSD Team - Kvetching, moaning, submitting data | |
722 | ||
723 | And to any others we've forgotten, apologies and heartfelt thanks! | |
724 |