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1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. |
2 | .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement | |
3 | .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. | |
4 | .\" | |
0f34550a | 5 | .\" @(#)puman1.n 6.1 (Berkeley) %G% |
dd4cceb0 | 6 | .\" |
dd4cceb0 KM |
7 | .if !\n(xx \{\ |
8 | .so tmac.p \} | |
9 | .if n 'ND | |
10 | 'nr H1 0 | |
11 | .NH | |
12 | Sources of information | |
13 | .PP | |
14 | This section lists the resources available | |
15 | for information about | |
16 | general features of | |
17 | .UX , | |
18 | text editing, | |
19 | the Pascal language, | |
20 | and the | |
21 | .UP | |
22 | implementation, | |
23 | concluding with a list of references. | |
24 | The available documents include both so-called standard documents \- | |
25 | those distributed with all | |
26 | .UX | |
27 | system \- | |
28 | and documents (such as this one) written at Berkeley. | |
29 | .NH 2 | |
30 | Where to get documentation | |
31 | .PP | |
32 | Current documentation for most of the | |
33 | .UX | |
34 | system is available ``on line'' at your terminal. | |
35 | Details on getting such documentation interactively are given | |
36 | in section 1.3. | |
37 | .NH 2 | |
38 | Documentation describing UNIX | |
39 | .PP | |
40 | The following documents are those recommended as tutorial and | |
41 | reference material about the | |
42 | .UX | |
43 | system. | |
44 | We give the documents with the introductory and tutorial materials | |
45 | first, the reference materials last. | |
46 | .SH | |
47 | UNIX For Beginners \- Second Edition | |
48 | .PP | |
49 | This document is the basic tutorial for | |
50 | .UX | |
51 | available with the standard system. | |
52 | .SH | |
53 | Communicating with UNIX | |
54 | .PP | |
55 | This is also a basic tutorial on the system and assumes | |
56 | no previous familiarity | |
57 | with computers; it was written at Berkeley. | |
58 | .SH | |
59 | An introduction to the C shell | |
60 | .PP | |
61 | This document introduces | |
62 | .I csh, | |
63 | the shell in common use at Berkeley, and provides a good deal of general | |
64 | description about the way in which the system functions. | |
65 | It provides a useful glossary of terms used in discussing the system. | |
66 | .SH | |
67 | UNIX Programmer's Manual | |
68 | .PP | |
69 | This manual is the major source of details on the components of the | |
70 | .UX | |
71 | system. | |
72 | It consists of an Introduction, | |
73 | a permuted index, | |
74 | and eight command sections. | |
75 | Section 1 consists of descriptions of most of the ``commands'' | |
76 | of | |
77 | .UX . | |
78 | Most of the other sections have limited relevance to the user | |
79 | of | |
80 | Berkeley | |
81 | Pascal, being of interest mainly to system programmers. | |
82 | .PP | |
83 | U\s-2NIX\s0 | |
84 | documentation often refers the reader to sections of the manual. | |
85 | Such a reference consists of a command name and a section number or name. | |
86 | An example of such a reference would be: | |
87 | .I ed | |
88 | (1). | |
89 | Here | |
90 | .I ed | |
91 | is a command name \- the standard | |
92 | .UX | |
93 | text editor, and `(1)' indicates that its documentation is in section 1 of the | |
94 | manual. | |
95 | .PP | |
96 | The pieces of the | |
97 | Berkeley | |
98 | Pascal system are | |
99 | .I pi | |
100 | (1), | |
101 | .X | |
102 | (1), | |
103 | the combined Pascal translator and interpretive executor | |
104 | .IX | |
105 | (1), | |
106 | the Pascal compiler | |
107 | .PC | |
108 | (1), | |
109 | the Pascal execution profiler | |
110 | .XP | |
111 | (1), | |
112 | and | |
113 | the Pascal cross-reference generator | |
114 | .I pxref | |
115 | (1). | |
116 | .PP | |
117 | It is possible to obtain a copy of a manual section | |
118 | by using the | |
119 | .I man | |
120 | (1) command. | |
121 | To get the Pascal documentation just described one could issue the | |
122 | command: | |
123 | .LS | |
124 | % \*bman pi\fP | |
125 | .LE | |
126 | to the shell. | |
127 | The user input here is shown in | |
128 | .B "bold face" ; | |
129 | the `% ', | |
130 | which was printed by the shell as a prompt, | |
131 | is not. | |
132 | Similarly the command: | |
133 | .LS | |
134 | % \*bman man\fP | |
135 | .LE | |
136 | asks the | |
137 | .I man | |
138 | command to describe itself. | |
139 | .NH 2 | |
140 | Text editing documents | |
141 | .PP | |
142 | The following documents introduce the various | |
143 | .UX | |
144 | text editors. | |
145 | Most Berkeley users use a version of the text editor | |
146 | .I ex; | |
147 | either | |
148 | .I edit, | |
149 | which is a version of | |
150 | .I ex | |
151 | for new and casual users, | |
152 | .I ex | |
153 | itself, | |
154 | or | |
155 | .I vi | |
156 | (visual) which focuses on the display editing portion of | |
157 | .I ex. | |
158 | .SH | |
159 | A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor | |
160 | .PP | |
161 | This document, written by Brian Kernighan of Bell Laboratories, | |
162 | is a tutorial for the standard | |
163 | .UX | |
164 | text editor | |
165 | .I ed. | |
166 | It introduces you to the basics of text editing, | |
167 | and provides enough information to meet day-to-day editing needs, | |
168 | for | |
169 | .I ed | |
170 | users. | |
171 | .SH | |
172 | Edit: A tutorial | |
173 | .PP | |
174 | This introduces the use of | |
175 | .I edit, | |
176 | an editor similar to | |
177 | .I ed | |
178 | which provides a more hospitable environment for beginning users. | |
179 | .SH | |
180 | Ex/edit Command Summary | |
181 | .PP | |
182 | This summarizes the features of the editors | |
183 | .I ex | |
184 | and | |
185 | .I edit | |
186 | in a concise form. If you have used a line oriented editor before | |
187 | this summary alone may be enough to get you started. | |
188 | .SH | |
0f34550a | 189 | Ex Reference Manual \- Version 3.7 |
dd4cceb0 KM |
190 | .PP |
191 | A complete reference on the features of | |
192 | .I ex | |
193 | and | |
194 | .I edit. | |
195 | .SH | |
196 | An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi | |
197 | .PP | |
198 | .I Vi | |
199 | is a display oriented text editor. It can be used on most any \s-2CRT\s0 | |
200 | terminal, | |
201 | and uses the screen as a window into the file you are editing. Changes | |
202 | you make to the file are reflected in what you see. This manual serves | |
203 | both as an introduction to editing with | |
204 | .I vi | |
205 | and a reference manual. | |
206 | .SH | |
207 | Vi Quick Reference | |
208 | .PP | |
209 | This reference card is a handy quick guide to | |
210 | .I vi; | |
211 | you should get one when you get the introduction to | |
212 | .I vi. | |
213 | .NH 2 | |
214 | Pascal documents \- The language | |
215 | .PP | |
216 | This section describes the documents on the Pascal language | |
217 | which are likely to be most useful to the | |
218 | Berkeley | |
219 | Pascal user. | |
220 | Complete references for these documents are given in section 1.7. | |
221 | .SH | |
222 | Pascal User Manual | |
223 | .PP | |
224 | By Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth, the | |
225 | .I "User Manual" | |
226 | provides a tutorial introduction to the features | |
227 | of the language Pascal, | |
228 | and serves as an excellent quick-reference to the language. | |
229 | The reader with no familiarity with Algol-like languages | |
230 | may prefer one of the Pascal text books listed below, | |
231 | as they provide more examples and explanation. | |
232 | Particularly important here are pages 116-118 which define the syntax | |
233 | of the language. | |
234 | Sections 13 and 14 and Appendix F pertain only to the | |
235 | 6000-3.4 implementation of Pascal. | |
236 | .SH | |
237 | Pascal Report | |
238 | .PP | |
239 | By Niklaus Wirth, this document is bound with the | |
240 | .I "User Manual." | |
241 | It is the guiding reference for implementors and the fundamental | |
242 | definition of the language. | |
243 | Some programmers find this report too concise to be of practical use, | |
244 | preferring the | |
245 | .I "User Manual" | |
246 | as a reference. | |
247 | .SH | |
248 | Books on Pascal | |
249 | .PP | |
250 | Several good books which teach Pascal or use it as a medium are | |
251 | available. | |
252 | The books by Wirth | |
253 | .I "Systematic Programming" | |
254 | and | |
255 | .I "Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs" | |
256 | use Pascal as a vehicle for teaching programming and data structure | |
257 | concepts respectively. | |
258 | They are both recommended. | |
259 | Other books on Pascal are listed in the references below. | |
260 | .NH 2 | |
261 | Pascal documents \- The Berkeley Implementation | |
262 | .PP | |
263 | This section describes the documentation which is available | |
264 | describing the | |
265 | Berkeley | |
266 | implementation of Pascal. | |
267 | .SH | |
268 | User's Manual | |
269 | .PP | |
270 | The document you are reading is the | |
271 | .I "User's Manual" | |
272 | for | |
273 | .UP . | |
274 | We often refer the reader to the | |
275 | Jensen-Wirth | |
276 | .I "User Manual" | |
277 | mentioned above, | |
278 | a different document with a similar name. | |
279 | .SH | |
280 | Manual sections | |
281 | .PP | |
282 | The sections relating to Pascal in the | |
283 | .I "UNIX Programmer's Manual" | |
284 | are | |
285 | .IX | |
286 | (1), | |
287 | .PI | |
288 | (1), | |
289 | .PC | |
290 | (1), | |
291 | .X | |
292 | (1), | |
293 | .I pxp | |
294 | (1), | |
295 | and | |
296 | .I pxref | |
297 | (1). | |
298 | These sections give a description of each program, | |
299 | summarize the available options, | |
300 | indicate files used by the program, | |
301 | give basic information on the diagnostics produced | |
302 | and include a list of known bugs. | |
303 | .SH | |
304 | Implementation notes | |
305 | .PP | |
306 | For those interested in the internal organization of the | |
307 | Berkeley | |
308 | Pascal system there are a series of | |
309 | .I "Implementation Notes" | |
310 | describing these details. | |
311 | The | |
312 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PXP Implementation Notes" | |
313 | describe the Pascal interpreter | |
314 | .X \|; | |
315 | and the | |
316 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PX Implementation Notes" | |
317 | describe the structure of the | |
318 | execution profiler | |
319 | .I pxp . | |
320 | .br | |
321 | .ne 8 | |
322 | .NH 2 | |
323 | References | |
324 | .de re | |
325 | .sp | |
326 | .IP | |
327 | 'nf | |
328 | .. | |
329 | .SH | |
330 | UNIX Documents | |
331 | .re | |
332 | .I "Communicating With UNIX" | |
333 | Computer Center | |
334 | University of California, Berkeley | |
335 | January, 1978. | |
336 | .re | |
dd4cceb0 | 337 | Ricki Blau and James Joyce |
0f34550a KM |
338 | .I "Edit: a tutorial" |
339 | UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 14 | |
340 | University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720 | |
341 | April, 1986. | |
dd4cceb0 KM |
342 | .re |
343 | .I "Ex/edit Command Summary" | |
344 | Computer Center | |
345 | University of California, Berkeley | |
346 | August, 1978. | |
347 | .re | |
dd4cceb0 | 348 | William Joy |
0f34550a KM |
349 | .I "Ex Reference Manual \- Version 3.7" |
350 | UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 16 | |
351 | University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720 | |
352 | April, 1986. | |
dd4cceb0 | 353 | .re |
dd4cceb0 | 354 | William Joy |
0f34550a KM |
355 | .I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi" |
356 | UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 15 | |
357 | University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720 | |
358 | April, 1986. | |
359 | .re | |
360 | William Joy | |
361 | .I "An Introduction to the C shell (Revised)" | |
362 | UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 4 | |
363 | University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720 | |
364 | April, 1986. | |
dd4cceb0 KM |
365 | .re |
366 | Brian W. Kernighan | |
367 | .I "UNIX for Beginners \- Second Edition" | |
0f34550a KM |
368 | UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 1 |
369 | University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720 | |
370 | April, 1986. | |
dd4cceb0 KM |
371 | .re |
372 | Brian W. Kernighan | |
373 | .I "A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor" | |
0f34550a KM |
374 | UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 12 |
375 | University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720 | |
376 | April, 1986. | |
dd4cceb0 KM |
377 | .re |
378 | Dennis M. Ritchie and Ken Thompson | |
379 | .I "The UNIX Time Sharing System" | |
0f34550a KM |
380 | Reprinted from Communications of the ACM July 1974 in |
381 | UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 (PS2), 1 | |
382 | University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720 | |
383 | April, 1986. | |
dd4cceb0 KM |
384 | .SH |
385 | Pascal Language Documents | |
386 | .re | |
0f34550a KM |
387 | Cooper and Clancy |
388 | .I "Oh! Pascal!, 2nd Edition" | |
389 | W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. | |
390 | 500 Fifth Ave., NY, NY. 10110 | |
391 | 1985, 475 pp. | |
392 | .re | |
393 | Cooper | |
394 | .I "Standard Pascal User Reference Manual" | |
395 | W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. | |
396 | 500 Fifth Ave., NY, NY. 10110 | |
397 | 1983, 176 pp. | |
dd4cceb0 KM |
398 | .re |
399 | Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth | |
400 | .I "Pascal \- User Manual and Report" | |
401 | Springer-Verlag, New York. | |
402 | 1975, 167 pp. | |
403 | .re | |
dd4cceb0 KM |
404 | Niklaus Wirth |
405 | .I "Algorithms + Data structures = Programs" | |
406 | Prentice-Hall, New York. | |
407 | 1976, 366 pp. | |
dd4cceb0 KM |
408 | .SH |
409 | Berkeley Pascal documents | |
410 | .PP | |
411 | The following documents are available from the Computer Center Library | |
412 | at the University of California, Berkeley. | |
413 | .nf | |
414 | .re | |
dd4cceb0 KM |
415 | William N. Joy |
416 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PX Implementation Notes" | |
417 | Version 1.1, April 1979. | |
418 | (Vax-11 Version 2.0 By Kirk McKusick, December, 1979) | |
419 | .re | |
420 | William N. Joy | |
421 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PXP Implementation Notes" | |
422 | Version 1.1, April 1979. |