[unix-history] / .ref-BSD-3 / usr / man / man8 / bproc.8

.TH BPROC 8 VAX-11
.UC
.tr |
.SH NAME
boot procedures \- UNIX startup
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I "How to start UNIX.||"
UNIX is started by placing it in memory
at location zero and transferring to zero.
Since the system is not reenterable,
it is necessary to read it in from disk or tape.
.PP
To boot from disk: type the console command ``BOOT''
(which may be abbreviated ``B'')
when the console is in LSI-11 mode.
It may be necessary to type control-P
to gain the attention of the LSI-11.
This loads and executes a standalone boot program
.I boot
off the floppy.
The boot program relocates itself into high memory, and types a `:'
as a prompt on the console.
It then reads from the console a device specification (see below) followed
immediately by a pathname.
.I Boot
finds the corresponding file on the given device, loads that file
into memory location zero, and starts the program at the entry address
specified in the program header (after clearing off the high bit
of the specified entry address.)
Normal line editing character can be used in specifying the pathname.
.PP
If you have an rp06 or rm03 disk and wish to boot off of a file
system which starts at cylinder 0 of unit 0, you can type ``hp(0,0)vmunix''
to the boot prompt.  On Ernie Co-vax, ``up(0,0)vmunix'' would specify
a UNIBUS ampex 9300 drive.
.PP
.B "Device specifications."
A device specificaion has the following form:
.IP
device(unit, minor)
.PP
where
.I device
is the type of the device to be searched,
.I unit
is the unit number of the device,
and
.I minor
is the minor device index.
The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to
installation:
.ta 5 10
.nf
	rp	RP06 or RM03 on MASSBUS
	up	AMPEX 9300 on UNIBUS
	ht	TE16
.fi
.PP
For tapes, the minor device number gives a file offset.
.PP
.B "Emergency bootstraps."
If the console BOOT command does not work, here is a position-independent
program which will read the boot block (block 0) from a RP06 or RM03 disk,
on the MASSBUSS; the boot block will then boot in the file
.B /boot
off the file system at cylinder 0 of the RP, in the same way that the
console floppy would bring the program in.
.PP
.nf
.if n .ta 3 14 21 41 49
.if t .ta .3i 1i 1.6i 3.5i
RP06 disk (MBA 0, drive 0)
	00009fde	moval	*$0x20010000,r1	# MBA 0
	\0\0512001
	d0      	movl	$1,4(r1)	# initialize MBA
	\0\004a101
	d0      	movl	$0x13,0x400(r1)	# volume valid
	0400c113
	10008f32	cvtwl	$0x1000,0x424(r1)	# 16-bit format
	\0\00424c1
	d4      	clrl	12(r1)	# map reg. 0, offset 0
	\0\0\0\00ca1
	8fd0    	movl	$0x80000000,0x800(r1)	# valid, page 0/0
	80000000
	\0\00800c1
	32      	cvtwl	$-512,16(r1)	# byte count
	a1fe008f
	\0\0\0\0\0\010
	28c1d4  	clrl	0x428(r1)	# cylinder
	\0\0\0\0\0\004
	14c1d4  	clrl	0x414(r1)	# sector, track
	\0\0\0\0\0\004
	c139d0  	movl	$0x39,0x400(r1)	# read 1 block
	\0\0\0\00400
	\0\000    	halt
.fi
.PP
To boot from magnetic tape:  The
.IR tp (1)
command places the bootstrap program
.I mboot
on block 0 of the tape.  When read into memory at location 0 and executed,
.I mboot
prompts with an equal sign `=', reads a file name from the console,
then loads and executes that file from the
.I tp
tape.  Unfortunately DEC does not provide a console command to read
a block from tape to memory.  Here is a position-independent program
which does:
.PP
.nf
TM03 magtape (MBA 1, drive 0) from load point:
.if n .ta 3 14 21 41 49
.if t .ta .3i 1i 1.6i 3.5i
	20009fde	moval	*$0x20012000,r1	# MBA 1
	\0\0512001
	d0      	movl	$1,4(r1)	# initialize
	\0\004a101
	32      	cvtwl	$0x14c0,0x424(r1)	# drive characteristics
	c114c08f
	\0\0\0\00424
	a1d4    	clrl	12(r1)	# map reg. 0, offset 0
	\0\0\0\0\0\00c
	008fd0  	movl	$0x80000000,0x800(r1)	# valid, page 0/0
	c1800000
	\0\0\0\00800
	8f32    	cvtwl	$-512,16(r1)	# byte count
	10a1fe00
	00c139d0	movl	$0x39,0x400(r1)	# read 1 block
	\0\0\0\0\0\004
	\0\0\0\000  	halt
Then give the console command ``START 0\er''.
.fi
.PP
.I mboot
does not perform character erase and line kill editing.  Instead,
it starts over with the prompt for file name whenever the requested
file cannot be found.
.PP
Be sure that
.I mboot
exists whenever a
.I tp
tape is made.  Remember to put an appropriate block 0 boot and a
.IR /boot
in file systems when running
.IR mkfs .
.SH FILES
.ta \w'/usr/mdec/mboot   'u
/vmunix	UNIX code
.br
/usr/mdec/uboot	rp disk bootstrap
.br
/boot	backup system bootstrap
.br
/usr/mdec/mboot	
.IR tp ""
magtape bootstrap
.SH "SEE ALSO"
tp(1), init.vm(8)
Commit	Line	Data
7ce1c4b5 BJ	1	.TH BPROC 8 VAX-11
	2	.UC
	3	.tr \|
	4	.SH NAME
	5	boot procedures \- UNIX startup
	6	.SH DESCRIPTION
	7	.I "How to start UNIX.\|\|"
	8	UNIX is started by placing it in memory
	9	at location zero and transferring to zero.
	10	Since the system is not reenterable,
	11	it is necessary to read it in from disk or tape.
	12	.PP
	13	To boot from disk: type the console command ``BOOT''
	14	(which may be abbreviated ``B'')
	15	when the console is in LSI-11 mode.
	16	It may be necessary to type control-P
	17	to gain the attention of the LSI-11.
	18	This loads and executes a standalone boot program
	19	.I boot
	20	off the floppy.
	21	The boot program relocates itself into high memory, and types a `:'
	22	as a prompt on the console.
	23	It then reads from the console a device specification (see below) followed
	24	immediately by a pathname.
	25	.I Boot
	26	finds the corresponding file on the given device, loads that file
	27	into memory location zero, and starts the program at the entry address
	28	specified in the program header (after clearing off the high bit
	29	of the specified entry address.)
	30	Normal line editing character can be used in specifying the pathname.
	31	.PP
	32	If you have an rp06 or rm03 disk and wish to boot off of a file
	33	system which starts at cylinder 0 of unit 0, you can type ``hp(0,0)vmunix''
	34	to the boot prompt. On Ernie Co-vax, ``up(0,0)vmunix'' would specify
	35	a UNIBUS ampex 9300 drive.
	36	.PP
	37	.B "Device specifications."
	38	A device specificaion has the following form:
	39	.IP
	40	device(unit, minor)
	41	.PP
	42	where
	43	.I device
	44	is the type of the device to be searched,
	45	.I unit
	46	is the unit number of the device,
	47	and
	48	.I minor
	49	is the minor device index.
	50	The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to
	51	installation:
	52	.ta 5 10
	53	.nf
	54	rp RP06 or RM03 on MASSBUS
	55	up AMPEX 9300 on UNIBUS
	56	ht TE16
	57	.fi
	58	.PP
	59	For tapes, the minor device number gives a file offset.
	60	.PP
	61	.B "Emergency bootstraps."
	62	If the console BOOT command does not work, here is a position-independent
	63	program which will read the boot block (block 0) from a RP06 or RM03 disk,
	64	on the MASSBUSS; the boot block will then boot in the file
65	.B /boot
66	off the file system at cylinder 0 of the RP, in the same way that the
67	console floppy would bring the program in.
68	.PP
69	.nf
70	.if n .ta 3 14 21 41 49
71	.if t .ta .3i 1i 1.6i 3.5i
72	RP06 disk (MBA 0, drive 0)
73	00009fde moval *$0x20010000,r1 # MBA 0
74	\0\0512001
75	d0 movl $1,4(r1) # initialize MBA
76	\0\004a101
77	d0 movl $0x13,0x400(r1) # volume valid
78	0400c113
79	10008f32 cvtwl $0x1000,0x424(r1) # 16-bit format
80	\0\00424c1
81	d4 clrl 12(r1) # map reg. 0, offset 0
82	\0\0\0\00ca1
83	8fd0 movl $0x80000000,0x800(r1) # valid, page 0/0
84	80000000
85	\0\00800c1
86	32 cvtwl $-512,16(r1) # byte count
87	a1fe008f
88	\0\0\0\0\0\010
89	28c1d4 clrl 0x428(r1) # cylinder
90	\0\0\0\0\0\004
91	14c1d4 clrl 0x414(r1) # sector, track
92	\0\0\0\0\0\004
93	c139d0 movl $0x39,0x400(r1) # read 1 block
94	\0\0\0\00400
95	\0\000 halt
96	.fi
97	.PP
98	To boot from magnetic tape: The
99	.IR tp (1)
100	command places the bootstrap program
101	.I mboot
102	on block 0 of the tape. When read into memory at location 0 and executed,
103	.I mboot
104	prompts with an equal sign `=', reads a file name from the console,
105	then loads and executes that file from the
106	.I tp
107	tape. Unfortunately DEC does not provide a console command to read
108	a block from tape to memory. Here is a position-independent program
109	which does:
110	.PP
111	.nf
112	TM03 magtape (MBA 1, drive 0) from load point:
113	.if n .ta 3 14 21 41 49
114	.if t .ta .3i 1i 1.6i 3.5i
115	20009fde moval *$0x20012000,r1 # MBA 1
116	\0\0512001
117	d0 movl $1,4(r1) # initialize
118	\0\004a101
119	32 cvtwl $0x14c0,0x424(r1) # drive characteristics
120	c114c08f
121	\0\0\0\00424
122	a1d4 clrl 12(r1) # map reg. 0, offset 0
123	\0\0\0\0\0\00c
124	008fd0 movl $0x80000000,0x800(r1) # valid, page 0/0
125	c1800000
126	\0\0\0\00800
127	8f32 cvtwl $-512,16(r1) # byte count
128	10a1fe00
129	00c139d0 movl $0x39,0x400(r1) # read 1 block
130	\0\0\0\0\0\004
131	\0\0\0\000 halt
132	Then give the console command ``START 0\er''.
133	.fi
134	.PP
135	.I mboot
136	does not perform character erase and line kill editing. Instead,
137	it starts over with the prompt for file name whenever the requested
138	file cannot be found.
139	.PP
140	Be sure that
141	.I mboot
142	exists whenever a
143	.I tp
144	tape is made. Remember to put an appropriate block 0 boot and a
145	.IR /boot
146	in file systems when running
147	.IR mkfs .
148	.SH FILES
149	.ta \w'/usr/mdec/mboot 'u
150	/vmunix UNIX code
151	.br
152	/usr/mdec/uboot rp disk bootstrap
153	.br
154	/boot backup system bootstrap
155	.br
156	/usr/mdec/mboot
157	.IR tp ""
158	magtape bootstrap
159	.SH "SEE ALSO"
160	tp(1), init.vm(8)