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[unix-history] / .ref-BSD-3 / usr / doc / ex / vi.chars
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6.SH
7Appendix: character functions
8.PP
9This appendix gives the uses the editor makes of each character. The
10characters are presented in their order in the \s-2ASCII\s0 character
11set: Control characters come first, then most special characters, then
12the digits, upper and then lower case characters.
13.PP
14For each character we tell a meaning it has as a command and any meaning it
15has during an insert.
16If it has only meaning as a command, then only this is discussed.
17Section numbers in parentheses indicate where the character is discussed;
18a `f' after the section number means that the character is mentioned
19in a footnote.
20.iP "^@" 15
21Not a command character.
22If typed as the first character of an insertion it is replaced with the
23last text inserted, and the insert terminates. Only 128 characters are
24saved from the last insert; if more characters were inserted the mechanism
25is not available.
26A \fB^@\fR cannot be part of the file due to the editor implementation
27(7.5f).
28.iP "^A" 15
29Unused.
30.iP "^B" 15
31Backward window.
32A count specifies a new window size.
33Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2).
34.iP "^C" 15
35Unused.
36.iP "^D" 15
37As a command, scrolls down a half-window of text.
38A count gives the number of (logical) lines to scroll, and is remembered
39for future \fB^D\fR and \fB^U\fR commands (2.1, 7.2).
40During an insert, backtabs over \fIautoindent\fR white space at the beginning
41of a line (6.6, 7.5); this white space cannot be backspaced over.
42.iP "^E" 15
43Exposes one more line below the current screen in the file, leaving
44the cursor where it is if possible.
45.iP "^F" 15
46Forward window. A count specifies a new window size.
47Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2).
48.iP "^G" 15
49Equivalent to \fB:f\fR\s-2ESC\s0, printing the current file, whether
50it has been modified, the current line number and the number of lines
51in the file, and the percentage of the way through the file that you
52are.
53A count specifies a new default window size (2.2).
54.iP "^H (\fR\s-2BS\s0\fP)" 15
55Backspaces one character on the current line. With a count backs up
56that many characters. The character \fBh\fR is a synonym for \fB^H\fR
57which is convenient on terminals without backspace keys (3.2).
58During an insert, eliminates the last input character, backing over it
59but not erasing it; it remains so you can see what you typed if you
60wish to type something only slightly different (3.1, 7.5).
61.iP "^I\ (\fR\s-2TAB\s0\fP)" 15
62Not a command character.
63When inserted it prints as some
64number of spaces.
65When the cursor is at a tab character it rests at the last of the spaces
66which represent the tab.
67The spacing of tabstops is controlled by the \fItabstop\fR option (4.1, 6.6).
68.iP "^J\ (\fR\s-2LF\s0\fP)" 15
69A linefeed advances to the next line, in the same column or as near this
70column as possible. A sequence of linefeeds will attempt to move vertically
71and stay in the original position horizontally. A count causes an advance
72over several lines (2.3).
73.iP "^K" 15
74Unused.
75.iP "^L" 15
76The \s-2ASCII\s0 formfeed character, this causes the screen to be cleared
77and redrawn. This is useful after a transmission error, if characters
78typed by a program other than the editor scramble the screen,
79or after output is stopped by an interrupt (5.4, 7.2f).
80.iP "^M\ (\fR\s-2RETURN\s0\fP)" 15
81A carriage return advances to the next line, at the first non-white position
82in the line. Given a count, it advances that many lines (2.3).
83During an insert, a \s-2RETURN\s0 causes the insert to continue onto
84another line (3.1).
85.iP "^N" 15
86Advances to the next line, in the same column (see \fB^J\fR for more
87details on how this works). A count advances that many lines (2.3).
88.iP "^O" 15
89Unused.
90.iP "^P" 15
91Retreats to the previous line, in the same column (see \fB^J\fR for more
92details). A count retreats that many lines (2.3).
93.iP "^Q" 15
94Not a command character.
95During an insert, quotes the next character so that it is possible to
96insert non-printing and special characters into the file (4.2, 7.5).
97.iP "^R" 15
98Redraws the current screen, eliminating logical lines not corresponding
99to physical lines (lines with only a single @ character on them).
100On hardcopy terminals in \fIopen\fR mode, retypes the current line
101(5.4, 7.2, 7.8).
102.iP "^S" 15
103Suspends output temporarily; another \fB^S\fR restarts it. This works
104at all times (7.5f).
105.iP "^T" 15
106Not a command character.
107During an insert, with \fIautoindent\fR set and at the beginning of the
108line, inserts \fIshiftwidth\fR white space (6.6, 7.5).
109.iP "^U" 15
110Scrolls the screen up, inverting \fB^D\fR which scrolls down. Counts work as
111they do for \fB^D\fR, and the previous scroll amount is common to both.
112On a dumb terminal, \fB^U\fR will often necessitate clearing and redrawing
113the screen further back in the file (2.1, 7.2).
114.iP "^V" 15
115Not a command character. In input mode, a synonym for \fB^Q\fR.
116.iP "^W" 15
117Not a command character.
118During an insert, backs up as \fBb\fR would in command mode; the deleted
119characters remain on the display (see \fB^H\fR) (7.5).
120.iP "^X" 15
121Unused.
122.iP "^Y" 15
123Exposes one more line above the current screen, leaving the cursor where
124it is if possible. (No mnemonic value for this key; however, it is next
125to \fB^U\fR which scrolls up a bunch.)
126.iP "^Z" 15
127Unused.
128.iP "^[\ (\fR\s-2ESC\s0\fP)" 15
129Cancels a partially formed command, such as a \fBz\fR when no following
130character has yet been given; terminates inputs on the last line (read
131by commands such as \fB: /\fR and \fB?\fR); ends insertions of new text
132into the buffer.
133If an \s-2ESC\s0 is given when quiescent in command state, the editor
134rings the bell or flashes the screen. You can thus hit \s-2ESC\s0 if
135you don't know what is happening till the editor rings the bell.
136If you don't know if you are in insert mode you can type \s-2ESC\s0\fBa\fR,
137and then material to be input; the material will be inserted correctly
138whether or not you were in insert mode when you started (1.5, 3.1, 7.5).
139.iP "^\e" 15
140Unused.
141.iP "^]" 15
142Searches for the word which is after the cursor as a tag. Equivalent
143to typing \fB:ta\fR, this word, and then an \s-2ESC\s0.
144Mnemonically, this command is ``go right to'' (7.3).
145.iP "^\(ua" 15
146Equivalent to \fB:e #\fR\s-2ESC\s0, returning to the previous position
147in the last edited file, or editing a file which you specified if you
148got a `No write since last change diagnostic' and do not want to have
149to type the file name again (7.3).
150(You have to do a \fB:w\fR before \fB^\(ua\fR
151will work in this case. If you do not wish to write the file you should
152do \fB:e!\ #\fR\s-2ESC\s0 instead.)
153.iP "^_" 15
154Unused.
155.iP "\fR\s-2SPACE\s0\fP" 15
156Advances to the next character in the current line. With a count, advances
157that many characters.
158.iP "!" 15
159An operator, which processes lines from the buffer with reformatting commands.
160Follow \fB!\fR with the object to be processed, and then the command name
161terminated by \s-2ESC\s0. Doubling \fB!\fR and preceding it by a count
162causes count lines to be filtered; otherwise the count
163is passed on to the object after the \fB!\fR. Thus \fB2!}\fR\fIfmt\fR\s-2ESC\s0
164reformats the next two paragraphs by running them through the program
165\fIfmt\fR. If you are working on \s-2LISP\s0,
166the command \fB!%\fR\fIgrind\fR\s-2ESC\s0, given at the beginning of a
167function, will run the text of the function through the \s-2LISP\s0 grinder
168(6.7, 7.3).
169To read a file or the output of a command into the buffer use \fB:r\fR (7.3).
170To simply execute a command use \fB:!\fR (7.3).
171.tr \a"
172.iP \a 15
173Precedes a named buffer specification. There are named buffers \fB1\-9\fR
174used for saving deleted text and named buffers \fBa\-z\fR into which you can
175place text (4.3, 6.3)
176.tr \a\a
177.iP "#" 15
178The macro character which, when followed by a number, will substitute
179for a function key on terminals without function keys (6.9).
180In input mode,
181if this is your erase character, it will delete the last character
182you typed in input mode, and must be preceded with a \fB\e\fR to insert
183it, since it normally backs over the last input character you gave.
184.iP "$" 15
185Moves to the end of the current line. If you \fB:se list\fR\s-2ESC\s0,
186then the end of each line will be shown by printing a \fB$\fR after the
187end of the displayed text in the line. Given a count, advances to the
188count'th following end of line; thus \fB2$\fR advances to the end of the
189following line.
190.iP "%" 15
191Moves to the parenthesis or brace \fB{ }\fR which balances the parenthesis
192or brace at the current cursor position.
193.iP "&" 15
194A synonym for \fB:&\fR\s-2CR\s0, by analogy with the
195.I ex
196.B &
197command.
198.iP "\(aa" 15
199When followed by a \fB\(aa\fR returns to the previous context at the
200beginning of a line. The previous context is set whenever the current
201line is moved in a non-relative way.
202When followed by a letter \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR, returns to the line which
203was marked with this letter with a \fBm\fR command, at the first non-white
204character in the line. A count before a \fB\(aa\fR gives a new window
205size for the next screen redraw (2.2, 5.3).
206When used with an operator such as \fBd\fR, the operation takes place
207over complete lines; if you use \fB\(ga\fR, the operation takes place
208from the exact marked place to the current cursor position within the
209line.
210.iP "(" 15
211Retreats to the beginning of a
212sentence, or to the beginning of a \s-2LISP\s0 s-expression
213if the \fIlisp\fR option is set.
214A sentence ends at a \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR which is followed by either
215the end of a line or by two spaces. Any number of closing \fB) ] "\fR
216and \fB\(aa\fR characters may appear after the \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR,
217and before the spaces or end of line. Sentences also begin
218at paragraph and section boundaries
219(see \fB{\fR and \fB[[\fR below).
220A count advances that many sentences (4.2, 6.8).
221.iP ")" 15
222Advances to the beginning of a sentence.
223A count repeats the effect.
224See \fB(\fR above for the definition of a sentence (4.2, 6.8).
225.iP "*" 15
226Unused.
227.iP "+" 15
228Advances to the next line at the first non-white character.
229A count repeats the effect.
230A \s-2RETURN\s0 is equivalent to a \fB+\fR.
231If the line moved to is not on the screen, the screen is scrolled, or
232cleared and redrawn if a large amount of scrolling would be necessary
233(2.3).
234.iP "," 15
235Reverse of the last \fBf F t\fR or \fBT\fR command, looking the other way
236in the current line. Especially useful after hitting too many \fB;\fR
237characters. A count repeats the search.
238.iP "\-" 15
239Retreats to the previous line at the first non-white character.
240This is the inverse of \fB+\fR and \s-2RETURN\s0.
241If the line moved to is not on the screen, the screen is scrolled, or
242cleared and redrawn if this is not possible.
243If a large amount of scrolling would be required the screen is also cleared
244and redrawn, with the current line at the center (2.3).
245.iP "\&." 15
246Repeats the last command which changed the buffer. Especially useful
247when deleting words or lines; you can delete some words/lines and then
248hit \fB.\fR to delete more and more words/lines.
249Given a count, it passes it on to the command being repeated. Thus after
250a \fB2dw\fR, \fB3.\fR deletes three words (3.3, 6.3, 7.2, 7.4).
251.iP "/" 15
252Reads a string from the last line on the screen, and scans forward for
253the next occurrence of this string. The normal input editing sequences may
254be used during the input on the bottom line; an returns to command state
255without ever searching.
256The search begins when you hit \s-2ESC\s0 to terminate the pattern;
257the cursor moves to the beginning of the last line to indicate that the search
258is in progress; the search may then
259be terminated with a \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0, or by backspacing when
260at the beginning of the bottom line, returning the cursor to
261its initial position.
262Searches normally wrap end-around to find a string
263anywhere in the buffer.
264A count to the command specifies the a new window size.
265.IP
266When used with an operator the enclosed region is normally affected.
267By mentioning an
268offset from the line matched by the pattern you can force whole lines
269to be affected. To do this give a pattern with a closing
270a closing \fB/\fR and then an offset \fB+\fR\fIn\fR or \fB\-\fR\fIn\fR.
271.IP
272To include the character \fB/\fR in the search string, you must escape
273it with a preceding \fB\e\fR.
274A \fB\(ua\fR at the beginning of the pattern forces the match to occur
275at the beginning of a line only; this speeds the search. A \fB$\fR at
276the end of the pattern forces the match to occur at the end of a line
277only.
278More extended pattern matching is available, see section 7.4;
279unless you set \fBnomagic\fR in your \fI\&.exrc\fR file you will have
280to preceed the characters \fB. [ *\fR and \fB~\fR in the search pattern
281with a \fB\e\fR to get them to work as you would naively expect (1.5, 2,2,
2826.1, 7.2, 7.4).
283.iP "0" 15
284Moves to the first character on the current line.
285Also used, in forming numbers, after an initial \fB1\fR\-\fB9\fR.
286.iP "1\-9" 15
287Used to form numeric arguments to commands (2.3, 7.2).
288.iP ":" 15
289A prefix to a set of commands for file and option manipulation and escapes
290to the system. Input is given on the bottom line and terminated with
291an \s-2ESC\s0, and the command then executed. You can return to where
292you were by hitting \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0 if you hit \fB:\fR accidentally
293(see primarily 6.2 and 7.3).
294.iP ";" 15
295Repeats the last single character find which used \fBf F t\fR or \fBT\fR.
296A count iterates the basic scan (4.1).
297.iP "<" 15
298An operator which shifts lines left one \fIshiftwidth\fR, normally 8
299spaces. Like all operators, affects lines when repeated, as in
300\fB<<\fR. Counts are passed through to the basic object, thus \fB3<<\fR
301shifts three lines (6.6, 7.2).
302.iP "=" 15
303Reindents line for \s-2LISP\s0, as though they were typed in with \fIlisp\fR
304and \fIautoindent\fR set (6.8).
305.iP ">" 15
306An operator which shifts lines right one \fIshiftwidth\fR, normally 8
307spaces. Affects lines when repeated as in \fB>>\fR. Counts repeat the
308basic object (6.6, 7.2).
309.iP "?" 15
310Scans backwards, the opposite of \fB/\fR. See the \fB/\fR description
311above for details on scanning (2.2, 6.1, 7.4).
312.iP "@" 15
313A macro character (6.9). If this is your kill character, you must escape it with a \e
314to type it in during input mode, as it normally backs over the input you
315have given on the current line (3.1, 3.4, 7.5).
316.iP "A" 15
317Appends at the end of line, a synonym for \fB$a\fR (7.2).
318.iP "B" 15
319Backs up a word, where words are composed of non-blank sequences, placing
320the cursor at the beginning of the word. A count repeats the effect
321(2.4).
322.iP "C" 15
323Changes the rest of the text on the current line; a synonym for \fBc$\fR.
324.iP "D" 15
325Deletes the rest of the text on the current line; a synonym for \fBd$\fR.
326.iP "E" 15
327Moves forward to the end of a word, defined as blanks and non-blanks,
328like \fBB\fR and \fBW\fR. A count repeats the effect.
329.iP "F" 15
330Finds a single following character, backwards in the current line.
331A count repeats this search that many times (4.1).
332.iP "G" 15
333Goes to the line number given as preceding argument, or the end of the
334file if no preceding count is given. The screen is redrawn with the
335new current line in the center if necessary (7.2).
336.iP "H" 15
337Homes the cursor to the top line on the screen. If a count is given,
338then the cursor is moved to the count'th line on the screen.
339In any case the cursor is moved to the first non-white character on the
340line. If used as the target of an operator, full lines are affected
341(2.3, 3.2).
342.iP "I" 15
343Inserts at the beginning of a line; a synonym for \fB\(uai\fR.
344.iP "J" 15
345Joins together lines, supplying appropriate white space: one space between
346words, two spaces after a \fB.\fR, and no spaces at all if the first
347character of the joined on line is \fB)\fR. A count causes that many
348lines to be joined rather than the default two (6.5, 7.1f).
349.iP "K" 15
350Unused.
351.iP "L" 15
352Moves the cursor to the first non-white character of the last line on
353the screen. With a count, to the first non-white of the count'th line
354from the bottom. Operators affect whole lines when used with \fBL\fR
355(2.3).
356.iP "M" 15
357Moves the cursor to the middle line on the screen, at the first non-white
358position on the line (2.3).
359.iP "N" 15
360Scans for the next match of the last pattern given to
361\fB/\fR or \fB?\fR, but in the reverse direction; this is the inverse
362of \fBn\fR.
363.iP "O" 15
364Opens a new line above the current line and inputs text there up to an
365\s-2ESC\s0. A count can be used on dumb terminals to specify a number
366of lines to be opened; this is generally obsolete, as the \fIslowopen\fR
367option works better (3.1).
368.iP "P" 15
369Puts the last deleted text back before/above the cursor. The text goes
370back as whole lines above the cursor if it was deleted as whole lines.
371Otherwise the text is inserted between the characters before and at the
372cursor. May be preceded by a named buffer specification \fB"\fR\fIx\fR
373to retrieve the contents of the buffer; buffers \fB1\fR\-\fB9\fR contain
374deleted material, buffers \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR are available for general
375use (6.3).
376.iP "Q" 15
377Quits from \fIvi\fR to \fIex\fR command mode. In this mode, whole lines
378form commands, ending with a \s-2RETURN\s0. You can give all the \fB:\fR
379commands; the editor supplies the \fB:\fR as a prompt (7.7).
380.iP "R" 15
381Replaces characters on the screen with characters you type (overlay fashion).
382Terminates with an \s-2ESC\s0.
383.iP "S" 15
384Changes whole lines, a synonym for \fBcc\fR. A count substitutes for
385that many lines. The lines are saved in the numeric buffers, and erased
386on the screen before the substitution begins.
387.iP "T" 15
388Takes a single following character, locates the character before the
389cursor in the current line, and places the cursor just after that character.
390A count repeats the effect. Most useful with operators such as \fBd\fR
391(4.1).
392.iP "U" 15
393Restores the current line to its state before you started changing it
394(3.5).
395.iP "V" 15
396Unused.
397.iP "W" 15
398Moves forward to the beginning of a word in the current line,
399where words are defined as sequences of blank/non-blank characters.
400A count repeats the effect (2.4).
401.iP "X" 15
402Deletes the character before the cursor. A count repeats the effect,
403but only characters on the current line are deleted.
404.iP "Y" 15
405Yanks a copy of the current line into the unnamed buffer, to be put back
406by a later \fBp\fR or \fBP\fR; a very useful synonym for \fByy\fR.
407A count yanks that many lines. May be preceded by a buffer name to put
408lines in that buffer (7.4).
409.iP "Z" 15
410Unused.
411.iP "[[" 15
412Backs up to the previous section boundary. A section begins at each
413macro in the \fIsections\fR option,
414normally a `.NH' or `.SH' and also at lines which which start
415with a formfeed \fB^L\fR. Lines beginning with \fB{\fR also stop \fB[[\fR;
416this makes it useful for looking backwards, a function at a time, in C
417programs. If the option \fIlisp\fR is set, stops at each \fB(\fR at the
418beginning of a line, and is thus useful for moving backwards at the top
419level \s-2LISP\s0 objects. A count gives a new window size for the next
420screen redraw (4.2, 6.1, 6.6, 7.2).
421.iP "\e" 15
422Unused.
423.iP "]]" 15
424Forward to a section boundary, see \fB[[\fR for a definition (4.2, 6.1,
4256.6, 7.2).
426.iP "\(ua" 15
427Moves to the first non-white position on the current line (4.4).
428.iP "_" 15
429Unused.
430.iP "\(ga" 15
431When followed by a \fB\(ga\fR returns to the previous context.
432The previous context is set whenever the current
433line is moved in a non-relative way.
434When followed by a letter \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR, returns to the position which
435was marked with this letter with a \fBm\fR command.
436A count before a \fB\(ga\fR gives a new window
437size for the next screen redraw.
438When used with an operator such as \fBd\fR, the operation takes place
439from the exact marked place to the current position within the line;
440if you use \fB\(aa\fR, the operation takes place over complete lines
441(2.2, 5.3).
442.iP "a" 15
443Appends arbitrary text after the current cursor position; the insert
444can continue onto multiple lines by using \s-2RETURN\s0 within the insert.
445A count causes the inserted text to be replicated, but only if the inserted
446text is all on one line.
447The insertion terminates with an \s-2ESC\s0 (3.1, 7.2).
448.iP "b" 15
449Backs up to the beginning of a word in the current line. A word is a
450sequence of alphanumerics, or a sequence of special characters.
451A count repeats the effect (2.4).
452.iP "c" 15
453An operator which changes the following object, replacing it with the
454following input text up to an \s-2ESC\s0. If more than part of a single
455line is affected, the text which is changed away is saved in the numeric named
456buffers. If only part of the current line is affected, then the last
457character to be changed away is marked with a \fB$\fR.
458A count causes that many objects to be affected, thus both
459\fB3c)\fR and \fBc3)\fR change the following three sentences (7.4).
460.iP "d" 15
461An operator which deletes the following object. If more than part of
462a line is affected, the text is saved in the numeric buffers.
463A count causes that many objects to be affected; thus \fB3dw\fR is the
464same as \fBd3w\fR (3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 7.4).
465.iP "e" 15
466Advances to the end of the next word, defined as for \fBb\fR and \fBw\fR.
467A count repeats the effect (2.4, 3.1).
468.iP "f" 15
469Finds the first instance of the next character following the cursor on
470the current line. A count repeats the find (4.1).
471.iP "g" 15
472Unused.
473.iP "h" 15
474Backspaces a single character in the current line; a synonym for \fB^H\fR.
475A count repeats the effect (3.1, 7.5).
476.iP "i" 15
477Inserts text before the cursor, otherwise like \fBa\fR (7.2).
478.iP "j" 15
479A synonym for \fB^N\fR (or \s-2LF\s0) moving to the next line in the same
480column (1.1, 2.3).
481.iP "k" 15
482A synonym for \fB^P\fR, moving to the previous line in the same column (1.1, 2.3).
483.iP "l" 15
484A synonym for \s-2SPACE\s0, moving the cursor one column to the right on the
485same line (1.1, 2.3).
486.iP "m" 15
487Marks the current position of the cursor in the mark register which is
488specified by the next character \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR. Return to this position
489or use with an operator using \fB\(ga\fR or \fB\(aa\fR (5.3).
490.iP "n" 15
491Repeats the last \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR scanning commands (2.2).
492.iP "o" 15
493Opens new lines below the current line; otherwise like \fBO\fR (3.1).
494.iP "p" 15
495Puts text after/below the cursor; otherwise like \fBP\fR (6.3).
496.iP "q" 15
497Unused. In a \fIvi\fR command executed from within \fIex\fR this returns
498to \fIex\fR command mode.
499.iP "r" 15
500Replaces the single character at the cursor with a single character you
501type. The new character may be a \s-2RETURN\s0; this is the easiest
502way to split lines. A count replaces each of the following count characters
503with the single character given; see \fBR\fR above which is the more
504usually useful iteration of \fBr\fR (3.2).
505.iP "s" 15
506Changes the single character under the cursor to the text which follows
507up to an \s-2ESC\s0; given a count, that many characters from the current
508line are changed. The last character to be changed is marked with \fB$\fR
509as in \fBc\fR (3.2).
510.iP "t" 15
511Advances the cursor upto the character before the next character typed.
512Most useful with operators such as \fBd\fR and \fBc\fR to delete the
513characters up to a following character. You can use \fB.\fR to delete
514more if this doesn't delete enough the first time (4.1).
515.iP "u" 15
516Undoes the last change made to the current buffer. If repeated, will
517alternate between these two states, thus is its own inverse. When used
518after an insert which inserted text on more than one line, the lines are
519saved in the numeric named buffers (3.5).
520.iP "v" 15
521Unused.
522.iP "w" 15
523Advances to the beginning of the next word, as defined by \fBb\fR (2.4).
524.iP "x" 15
525Deletes the single character under the cursor. With a count deletes
526deletes that many characters forward from the cursor position, but only
527on the current line (6.5).
528.iP "y" 15
529An operator, yanks the following object into the unnamed temporary buffer.
530If preceded by a named buffer specification, \fB"\fR\fIx\fR, the text
531is placed in that buffer also. Text can be recovered by a later \fBp\fR
532or \fBP\fR (7.4).
533.iP "z" 15
534Redraws the screen with the current line placed as specified by the following
535character: \s-2RETURN\s0 specifies the top of the screen, \fB.\fR the
536center of the screen, and \fB\-\fR at the bottom of the screen.
537A count may be given after the \fBz\fR and before the following character
538to specify the new screen size for the redraw.
539A count before the \fBz\fR gives the number of the line to place in the
540center of the screen instead of the default current line.
541.iP "{" 15
542Retreats to the beginning of the beginning of the preceding paragraph.
543A paragraph begins at each macro in the \fIparagraphs\fR option, normally
544`.IP', `.LP', `.PP', `.QP' and `.bp'.
545A paragraph also begins after a completely
546empty line, and at each section boundary (see \fB[[\fR above) (4.2, 6.8,
5477.6).
548.iP "|" 15
549Places the cursor on the character in the column specified
550by the count (7.1, 7.2).
551.iP "}" 15
552Advances to the beginning of the next paragraph. See \fB{\fR for the
553definition of paragraph (4.2, 6.8, 7.6).
554.iP "~" 15
555Unused.
556.iP "^?\ (\s-2\fRDEL\fP\s0)" 15
557Interrupts the editor, returning it to command accepting state (1.5,
5587.5)
559.bp
560\&.