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1 | .if \n(xx .bp |
2 | .if !\n(xx \{\ | |
3 | .so tmac.p \} | |
4 | .if n 'ND | |
5 | 'nr H1 0 | |
6 | .NH | |
7 | Sources of information | |
8 | .PP | |
9 | This section lists the resources available on the UC Berkeley | |
10 | campus for information about | |
11 | general features of | |
12 | .UX , | |
13 | text editing, | |
14 | the Pascal language, | |
15 | and the | |
16 | .UP | |
17 | implementation, | |
18 | concluding with a list of references. | |
19 | The available documents include both so-called standard documents \- | |
20 | those distributed with all | |
21 | .UX | |
22 | system \- | |
23 | and documents (such as this one) written at Berkeley. | |
24 | .NH 2 | |
25 | Where to get documentation | |
26 | .PP | |
27 | On the UC Berkeley campus, documentation is available at the Computer | |
28 | Center Library, room 218B Evans Hall. | |
29 | The library is open from 8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Monday through Friday. | |
30 | Current documentation for most of the | |
31 | .UX | |
32 | system is also available ``on line'' at your terminal. | |
33 | Details on getting such documentation interactively are given | |
34 | in section 1.3. | |
35 | .NH 2 | |
36 | Computer Center short courses | |
37 | .PP | |
38 | For those not enrolled in Computer Science Division courses, and | |
39 | who have no prior experience using | |
40 | .UX , | |
41 | the short-courses offered by the staff of the Computer Center | |
42 | are highly recommended. | |
43 | These courses are offered free of charge, and are usually held | |
44 | at the beginning of each quarter. | |
45 | The two most valuable short courses for the | |
46 | Berkeley | |
47 | Pascal user are the ones dealing with basic use of | |
48 | .UX , | |
49 | and with | |
50 | text editing. | |
51 | If you are unable to attend the short courses, documents | |
52 | for these courses are available at the Computer Center Library, | |
53 | and are recommended. | |
54 | The documents are in a tutorial format, so it is possible to use them on your | |
55 | own. | |
56 | .NH 2 | |
57 | Documentation describing UNIX | |
58 | .PP | |
59 | The following documents are those recommended as tutorial and | |
60 | reference material about the | |
61 | .UX | |
62 | system. | |
63 | We give the documents with the introductory and tutorial materials | |
64 | first, the reference materials last. | |
65 | .SH | |
66 | UNIX For Beginners \- Second Edition | |
67 | .PP | |
68 | This document is the basic tutorial for | |
69 | .UX | |
70 | available with the standard system. | |
71 | .SH | |
72 | Communicating with UNIX | |
73 | .PP | |
74 | This is also a basic tutorial on the system and assumes | |
75 | no previous familiarity | |
76 | with computers; it was written at Berkeley and is used in the short courses. | |
77 | .SH | |
78 | An introduction to the C shell | |
79 | .PP | |
80 | This document introduces | |
81 | .I csh, | |
82 | the shell in common use at Berkeley, and provides a good deal of general | |
83 | description about the way in which the system functions. | |
84 | It provides a useful glossary of terms used in discussing the system. | |
85 | .SH | |
86 | UNIX Programmer's Manual | |
87 | .PP | |
88 | This manual is the major source of details on the components of the | |
89 | .UX | |
90 | system. | |
91 | It consists of an Introduction, | |
92 | a permuted index, | |
93 | and eight command sections. | |
94 | Section 1 consists of descriptions of most of the ``commands'' | |
95 | of | |
96 | .UX . | |
97 | Most of the other sections have limited relevance to the user | |
98 | of | |
99 | Berkeley | |
100 | Pascal, being of interest mainly to system programmers. | |
101 | The manual is available from the Computer Center Library. | |
102 | .PP | |
103 | U\s-2NIX\s0 | |
104 | documentation often refers the reader to sections of the manual. | |
105 | Such a reference consists of a command name and a section number or name. | |
106 | An example of such a reference would be: | |
107 | .I ed | |
108 | (1).\(dg | |
109 | .FS | |
110 | \(dg Older systems may refer to the manual sections using roman numerals, | |
111 | e.g. \fIpi\fR (6). | |
112 | .FE | |
113 | Here | |
114 | .I ed | |
115 | is a command name \- the standard | |
116 | .UX | |
117 | text editor, and `(1)' indicates that its documentation is in section 1 of the | |
118 | manual. | |
119 | .PP | |
120 | The pieces of the | |
121 | Berkeley | |
122 | Pascal system are | |
123 | .I pi | |
124 | (6), | |
125 | .X | |
126 | (6), | |
127 | the combined Pascal translator and interpretive executor | |
128 | .IX | |
129 | (6), | |
130 | the Pascal execution profiler | |
131 | .XP | |
132 | (6), | |
133 | the Pascal cross-reference generator | |
134 | .I pxref | |
135 | (6), | |
136 | and the filter which interprets carriage control | |
137 | .I pcc | |
138 | (6). | |
139 | .PP | |
140 | It is possible to obtain a copy of a manual section | |
141 | by using the | |
142 | .I man | |
143 | (1) command. | |
144 | To get the Pascal documentation just described one could issue the | |
145 | command: | |
146 | .LS | |
147 | % \*bman new pi\fP | |
148 | .LE | |
149 | to the shell. | |
150 | The user input here is shown in | |
151 | .B "bold face" ; | |
152 | the `% ', | |
153 | which was printed by the shell as a prompt, | |
154 | is not. | |
155 | Similarly the command: | |
156 | .LS | |
157 | % \*bman man\fP | |
158 | .LE | |
159 | asks the | |
160 | .I man | |
161 | command to describe itself. | |
162 | .NH 2 | |
163 | Text editing documents | |
164 | .PP | |
165 | The following documents introduce the various | |
166 | .UX | |
167 | text editors. | |
168 | Most Berkeley users will use a version of the text editor | |
169 | .I ex; | |
170 | either | |
171 | .I edit, | |
172 | which is a version of | |
173 | .I ex | |
174 | for new and casual users, | |
175 | .I ex | |
176 | itself, | |
177 | or | |
178 | .I vi | |
179 | (visual) which focuses on the display editing portion of | |
180 | .I ex.* | |
181 | .FS | |
182 | * Several other editors are available also. The standard | |
183 | .UX | |
184 | editor | |
185 | .I ed, | |
186 | the \s-2RAND\s0 editor | |
187 | .I re, | |
188 | and an (undocumented) version of | |
189 | .I teco. | |
190 | .FE | |
191 | .SH | |
192 | A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor | |
193 | .PP | |
194 | This document, written by Brian Kernighan of Bell Laboratories, | |
195 | is a tutorial for the standard | |
196 | .UX | |
197 | text editor | |
198 | .I ed. | |
199 | It introduces you to the basics of text editing, | |
200 | and provides enough information to meet day-to-day editing needs, | |
201 | for | |
202 | .I ed | |
203 | users. | |
204 | .SH | |
205 | Edit: A tutorial | |
206 | .PP | |
207 | This introduces the use of | |
208 | .I edit, | |
209 | an editor similar to | |
210 | .I ed | |
211 | which provides a more hospitable environment for beginning users. | |
212 | The short courses on editing taught by the Computer Center use this | |
213 | document. | |
214 | .SH | |
215 | Ex/edit Command Summary | |
216 | .PP | |
217 | This summarizes the features of the editors | |
218 | .I ex | |
219 | and | |
220 | .I edit | |
221 | in a concise form. If you have used a line oriented editor before | |
222 | this summary alone may be enough to get you started. | |
223 | .SH | |
224 | Ex Reference Manual \- Version 2.0 | |
225 | .PP | |
226 | A complete reference on the features of | |
227 | .I ex | |
228 | and | |
229 | .I edit. | |
230 | .SH | |
231 | An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi | |
232 | .PP | |
233 | .I Vi | |
234 | is a display oriented text editor. It can be used on most any \s-2CRT\s0 | |
235 | terminal, | |
236 | and uses the screen as a window into the file you are editing. Changes | |
237 | you make to the file are reflected in what you see. This manual serves | |
238 | both as an introduction to editing with | |
239 | .I vi | |
240 | and a reference manual. | |
241 | .SH | |
242 | Vi Quick Reference | |
243 | .PP | |
244 | This reference card is a handy quick guide to | |
245 | .I vi; | |
246 | you should get one when you get the introduction to | |
247 | .I vi. | |
248 | .NH 2 | |
249 | Pascal documents \- The language | |
250 | .PP | |
251 | This section describes the documents on the Pascal language | |
252 | which are likely to be most useful to the | |
253 | Berkeley | |
254 | Pascal user. | |
255 | Complete references for these documents are given in section 1.7. | |
256 | .SH | |
257 | Pascal User Manual | |
258 | .PP | |
259 | By Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth, the | |
260 | .I "User Manual" | |
261 | provides a tutorial introduction to the features | |
262 | of the language Pascal, | |
263 | and serves as an excellent quick-reference to the language. | |
264 | The reader with no familiarity with Algol-like languages | |
265 | may prefer one of the Pascal text books listed below, | |
266 | as they provide more examples and explanation. | |
267 | Particularly important here are pages 116-118 which define the syntax | |
268 | of the language. | |
269 | Sections 13 and 14 and Appendix F pertain only to the | |
270 | 6000-3.4 implementation of Pascal. | |
271 | .SH | |
272 | Pascal Report | |
273 | .PP | |
274 | By Niklaus Wirth, this document is bound with the | |
275 | .I "User Manual." | |
276 | It is the guiding reference for implementors and the fundamental | |
277 | definition of the language. | |
278 | Some programmers find this report too concise to be of practical use, | |
279 | preferring the | |
280 | .I "User Manual" | |
281 | as a reference. | |
282 | .SH | |
283 | Books on Pascal | |
284 | .PP | |
285 | Several good books which teach Pascal or use it as a medium are | |
286 | available. | |
287 | The books by Wirth | |
288 | .I "Systematic Programming" | |
289 | and | |
290 | .I "Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs" | |
291 | use Pascal as a vehicle for teaching programming and data structure | |
292 | concepts respectively. | |
293 | They are both recommended. | |
294 | Other books on Pascal are listed in the references below. | |
295 | .NH 2 | |
296 | Pascal documents \- The Berkeley Implementation | |
297 | .PP | |
298 | This section describes the documentation which is available | |
299 | describing the | |
300 | Berkeley | |
301 | implementation of Pascal. | |
302 | .SH | |
303 | User's Manual | |
304 | .PP | |
305 | The document you are reading is the | |
306 | .I "User's Manual" | |
307 | for | |
308 | .UP . | |
309 | We often refer the reader to the | |
310 | Jensen-Wirth | |
311 | .I "User Manual" | |
312 | mentioned above, | |
313 | a different document with a similar name. | |
314 | .SH | |
315 | Manual sections | |
316 | .PP | |
317 | The sections relating to Pascal in the | |
318 | .I "UNIX Programmer's Manual" | |
319 | are | |
320 | .IX | |
321 | (6), | |
322 | .PI | |
323 | (6), | |
324 | .I pcc | |
325 | (6), | |
326 | .X | |
327 | (6), | |
328 | .I pxp | |
329 | (6), | |
330 | and | |
331 | .I pxref | |
332 | (6). | |
333 | These sections give a description of each program, | |
334 | summarize the available options, | |
335 | indicate files used by the program, | |
336 | give basic information on the diagnostics produced | |
337 | and include a list of known bugs. | |
338 | .SH | |
339 | Implementation notes | |
340 | .PP | |
341 | For those interested in the internal organization of the | |
342 | Berkeley | |
343 | Pascal system there are a series of | |
344 | .I "Implementation Notes" | |
345 | describing these details. | |
346 | The | |
347 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PXP Implementation Notes" | |
348 | describe the Pascal interpreter | |
349 | .X \|; | |
350 | and the | |
351 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PX Implementation Notes" | |
352 | describe the structure of the | |
353 | execution profiler | |
354 | .I pxp . | |
355 | .br | |
356 | .ne 8 | |
357 | .NH 2 | |
358 | References | |
359 | .de re | |
360 | .sp | |
361 | .IP | |
362 | 'nf | |
363 | .. | |
364 | .SH | |
365 | UNIX Documents | |
366 | .re | |
367 | .I "Communicating With UNIX" | |
368 | Computer Center | |
369 | University of California, Berkeley | |
370 | January, 1978. | |
371 | .re | |
372 | .I "Edit: a tutorial" | |
373 | Ricki Blau and James Joyce | |
374 | Computing Services Division, Computing Affairs | |
375 | University of California, Berkeley | |
376 | January, 1978. | |
377 | .re | |
378 | .I "Ex/edit Command Summary" | |
379 | Computer Center | |
380 | University of California, Berkeley | |
381 | August, 1978. | |
382 | .re | |
383 | .I "Ex Reference Manual \- Version 2.0" | |
384 | .I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi" | |
385 | .I "Vi Quick Reference" | |
386 | William Joy | |
387 | Computer Science Division | |
388 | Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science | |
389 | University of California, Berkeley | |
390 | April, 1979. | |
391 | .re | |
392 | .I "An Introduction to the C shell" | |
393 | William Joy | |
394 | Computer Science Division | |
395 | Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science | |
396 | University of California, Berkeley | |
397 | January, 1979. | |
398 | .re | |
399 | Brian W. Kernighan | |
400 | .I "UNIX for Beginners \- Second Edition" | |
401 | Bell Laboratories | |
402 | Murray Hill, New Jersey. | |
403 | .re | |
404 | Brian W. Kernighan | |
405 | .I "A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor" | |
406 | Bell Laboratories | |
407 | Murray Hill, New Jersey. | |
408 | .re | |
409 | Dennis M. Ritchie and Ken Thompson | |
410 | .I "The UNIX Time Sharing System" | |
411 | Communications of the ACM | |
412 | July 1974 | |
413 | 365-378. | |
414 | .re | |
415 | B. W. Kernighan and M. D. McIlroy | |
416 | .I "UNIX Programmer's Manual \- Seventh Edition" | |
417 | Bell Laboratories | |
418 | Murray Hill, New Jersey | |
419 | December, 1978. | |
420 | .ne 12 | |
421 | .SH | |
422 | Pascal Language Documents | |
423 | .re | |
424 | Conway, Gries and Zimmerman | |
425 | .I "A Primer on PASCAL" | |
426 | Winthrop, Cambridge Mass. | |
427 | 1976, 433 pp. | |
428 | .re | |
429 | Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth | |
430 | .I "Pascal \- User Manual and Report" | |
431 | Springer-Verlag, New York. | |
432 | 1975, 167 pp. | |
433 | .re | |
434 | C. A. G. Webster | |
435 | .I "Introduction to Pascal" | |
436 | Heyden and Son, New York | |
437 | 1976, 129pp. | |
438 | .re | |
439 | Niklaus Wirth | |
440 | .I "Algorithms + Data structures = Programs" | |
441 | Prentice-Hall, New York. | |
442 | 1976, 366 pp. | |
443 | .re | |
444 | Niklaus Wirth | |
445 | .I "Systematic Programming" | |
446 | Prentice-Hall, New York. | |
447 | 1973, 169 pp. | |
448 | .SH | |
449 | Berkeley Pascal documents | |
450 | .PP | |
451 | The following documents are available from the Computer Center Library | |
452 | at the University of California, Berkeley. | |
453 | .nf | |
454 | .re | |
455 | William N. Joy, Susan L. Graham, and Charles B. Haley | |
456 | .I "Berkeley Pascal User's Manual \- Version 1.1" | |
457 | April, 1979. | |
458 | .re | |
459 | William N. Joy | |
460 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PX Implementation Notes" | |
461 | Version 1.1, April 1979. | |
462 | .re | |
463 | William N. Joy | |
464 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PXP Implemetation Notex" | |
465 | Version 1.1, April 1979. |