| 1 | # |
| 2 | |
| 3 | /* |
| 4 | * ls - list file or directory |
| 5 | * |
| 6 | * Modified by Bill Joy UCB May/August 1977 |
| 7 | * |
| 8 | * This version of ls is designed for graphic terminals and to |
| 9 | * list directories with lots of files in them compactly. |
| 10 | * It supports three variants for listings: |
| 11 | * |
| 12 | * 1) Columnar output. |
| 13 | * 2) Stream output. |
| 14 | * 3) Old one per line format. |
| 15 | * |
| 16 | * Columnar output is the default. |
| 17 | * If, however, the standard output is not a teletype, the default |
| 18 | * is one-per-line. |
| 19 | * |
| 20 | * With columnar output, the items are sorted down the columns. |
| 21 | * We use columns only for a directory we are interpreting. |
| 22 | * Thus, in particular, we do not use columns for |
| 23 | * |
| 24 | * ls /usr/bin/p* |
| 25 | * |
| 26 | * This version of ls also prints non-printing characters as '?' if |
| 27 | * the standard output is a teletype. |
| 28 | * |
| 29 | * Flags relating to these and other new features are: |
| 30 | * |
| 31 | * -m force stream output. |
| 32 | * |
| 33 | * -1 force one entry per line, e.g. to a teletype |
| 34 | * |
| 35 | * -q force non-printings to be '?'s, e.g. to a file |
| 36 | * |
| 37 | * -c force columnar output, e.g. into a file |
| 38 | * |
| 39 | * -n like -l, but user/group id's in decimal rather than |
| 40 | * looking in /etc/passwd to save time |
| 41 | */ |
| 42 | |
| 43 | struct { |
| 44 | int fdes; |
| 45 | int nleft; |
| 46 | char *nextc; |
| 47 | char buff[512]; |
| 48 | } inf, obuf; |
| 49 | |
| 50 | struct ibuf { |
| 51 | int idev; |
| 52 | int inum; |
| 53 | int iflags; |
| 54 | char inl; |
| 55 | char iuid; |
| 56 | char igid; |
| 57 | char isize0; |
| 58 | int isize; |
| 59 | int iaddr[8]; |
| 60 | char *iatime[2]; |
| 61 | char *imtime[2]; |
| 62 | }; |
| 63 | |
| 64 | struct lbuf { |
| 65 | char lname[15]; |
| 66 | int lnum; |
| 67 | int lflags; |
| 68 | char lnl; |
| 69 | char luid; |
| 70 | char lgid; |
| 71 | char lsize0; |
| 72 | int lsize; |
| 73 | char *lmtime[2]; |
| 74 | unsigned int lquot[2]; |
| 75 | }; |
| 76 | |
| 77 | struct lbufx { |
| 78 | char *namep; |
| 79 | }; |
| 80 | |
| 81 | int aflg, dflg, lflg, sflg, tflg, uflg, iflg, fflg, nflg, Aflg; |
| 82 | int cflg, qflg, across; |
| 83 | int nopad; |
| 84 | int rflg 1; |
| 85 | char *year; |
| 86 | int flags; |
| 87 | int uidfil -1; |
| 88 | int lastuid -1; |
| 89 | char tbuf[16]; |
| 90 | int tblocks; |
| 91 | int statreq; |
| 92 | extern end; |
| 93 | struct lbuf *lastp &end; |
| 94 | struct lbuf *rlastp &end; |
| 95 | char *dotp "."; |
| 96 | |
| 97 | #define IFMT 060000 |
| 98 | #define DIR 0100000 |
| 99 | #define CHR 020000 |
| 100 | #define BLK 040000 |
| 101 | #define ISARG 01000 |
| 102 | #define LARGE 010000 |
| 103 | #define STXT 010000 |
| 104 | #define SUID 04000 |
| 105 | #define SGID 02000 |
| 106 | #define ROWN 0400 |
| 107 | #define WOWN 0200 |
| 108 | #define XOWN 0100 |
| 109 | #define RGRP 040 |
| 110 | #define WGRP 020 |
| 111 | #define XGRP 010 |
| 112 | #define ROTH 04 |
| 113 | #define WOTH 02 |
| 114 | #define XOTH 01 |
| 115 | #define RSTXT 01000 |
| 116 | |
| 117 | int colwidth 16; |
| 118 | int outcol; |
| 119 | |
| 120 | main(argc, argv) |
| 121 | int argc; |
| 122 | char **argv; |
| 123 | { |
| 124 | char *cp; |
| 125 | int i, j; |
| 126 | register struct lbuf *ep; |
| 127 | register struct lbuf *slastp; |
| 128 | struct lbuf lb; |
| 129 | int t; |
| 130 | int compar(); |
| 131 | |
| 132 | obuf.fdes = 1; |
| 133 | qflg = gtty(1, &obuf.buff) == 0; |
| 134 | /* |
| 135 | * If the standard output is not a teletype, |
| 136 | * then we default to one-per-line format |
| 137 | * otherwise decide between stream and |
| 138 | * columnar based on our name. |
| 139 | */ |
| 140 | if (qflg) { |
| 141 | cflg = 1; |
| 142 | for (cp = argv[0]; cp[0] && cp[1]; cp++) |
| 143 | continue; |
| 144 | /* |
| 145 | * Name ends in l => stream |
| 146 | */ |
| 147 | if (cp[0] == 'l') |
| 148 | nopad = 1, cflg = 0; |
| 149 | /* |
| 150 | * ... if doesn't end in l or s ==> columns sorted across |
| 151 | */ |
| 152 | else if (cp[0] != 's') |
| 153 | across = 1; |
| 154 | } |
| 155 | time(lb.lmtime); |
| 156 | year = lb.lmtime[0] - 245; /* 6 months ago */ |
| 157 | while (--argc > 0 && *argv[1] == '-') { |
| 158 | argv++; |
| 159 | while (*++*argv) switch (**argv) { |
| 160 | /* |
| 161 | * c - force columnar output |
| 162 | */ |
| 163 | case 'c': |
| 164 | cflg = 1; |
| 165 | nopad = 0; |
| 166 | continue; |
| 167 | /* |
| 168 | * m - force stream output |
| 169 | */ |
| 170 | case 'm': |
| 171 | cflg = 0; |
| 172 | nopad = 1; |
| 173 | continue; |
| 174 | /* |
| 175 | * x - force sort across |
| 176 | */ |
| 177 | case 'x': |
| 178 | across = 1; |
| 179 | nopad = 0; |
| 180 | cflg = 1; |
| 181 | continue; |
| 182 | /* |
| 183 | * q - force ?'s in output |
| 184 | */ |
| 185 | case 'q': |
| 186 | qflg = 1; |
| 187 | continue; |
| 188 | /* |
| 189 | * 1 - force 1/line in output |
| 190 | */ |
| 191 | case '1': |
| 192 | cflg = 0; |
| 193 | nopad = 0; |
| 194 | continue; |
| 195 | /* STANDARD FLAGS */ |
| 196 | case 'a': |
| 197 | aflg++; |
| 198 | continue; |
| 199 | case 'A': |
| 200 | Aflg++; |
| 201 | continue; |
| 202 | |
| 203 | case 's': |
| 204 | colwidth = 24; |
| 205 | sflg++; |
| 206 | statreq++; |
| 207 | continue; |
| 208 | |
| 209 | case 'd': |
| 210 | dflg++; |
| 211 | continue; |
| 212 | |
| 213 | /* |
| 214 | * n - don't look in password file |
| 215 | */ |
| 216 | case 'n': |
| 217 | nflg++; |
| 218 | case 'l': |
| 219 | lflg++; |
| 220 | statreq++; |
| 221 | continue; |
| 222 | |
| 223 | case 'r': |
| 224 | rflg = -1; |
| 225 | continue; |
| 226 | |
| 227 | case 't': |
| 228 | tflg++; |
| 229 | statreq++; |
| 230 | continue; |
| 231 | |
| 232 | case 'u': |
| 233 | uflg++; |
| 234 | continue; |
| 235 | |
| 236 | case 'i': |
| 237 | colwidth = 24; |
| 238 | iflg++; |
| 239 | continue; |
| 240 | |
| 241 | case 'f': |
| 242 | fflg++; |
| 243 | continue; |
| 244 | |
| 245 | default: |
| 246 | continue; |
| 247 | } |
| 248 | } |
| 249 | if (fflg) { |
| 250 | aflg++; |
| 251 | lflg = 0; |
| 252 | sflg = 0; |
| 253 | tflg = 0; |
| 254 | statreq = 0; |
| 255 | } |
| 256 | if(lflg) { |
| 257 | cflg = 0; |
| 258 | t = "/etc/passwd"; |
| 259 | nopad = 0; |
| 260 | colwidth = 70; |
| 261 | uidfil = open(t, 0); |
| 262 | } |
| 263 | if (argc==0) { |
| 264 | argc++; |
| 265 | argv = &dotp - 1; |
| 266 | } |
| 267 | for (i=0; i < argc; i++) { |
| 268 | if ((ep = gstat(*++argv, 1))==0) |
| 269 | continue; |
| 270 | ep->namep = *argv; |
| 271 | ep->lflags =| ISARG; |
| 272 | } |
| 273 | qsort(&end, lastp - &end, sizeof *lastp, compar); |
| 274 | slastp = lastp; |
| 275 | for (ep = &end; ep<slastp; ep++) { |
| 276 | if (ep->lflags&DIR && dflg==0 || fflg) { |
| 277 | if (argc>1) { |
| 278 | printf("\n%s:\n", ep->namep); |
| 279 | } |
| 280 | lastp = slastp; |
| 281 | readdir(ep->namep); |
| 282 | if (fflg==0) |
| 283 | qsort(slastp,lastp - slastp,sizeof *lastp,compar); |
| 284 | if (statreq) { |
| 285 | printf("total %s", locv(0, tblocks)); |
| 286 | } |
| 287 | pem(slastp, lastp); |
| 288 | newline(); |
| 289 | } else |
| 290 | pentry(ep); |
| 291 | } |
| 292 | if (outcol) |
| 293 | putc('\n', &obuf); |
| 294 | fflush(&obuf); |
| 295 | exit(0); |
| 296 | } |
| 297 | |
| 298 | pem(slp, lp) |
| 299 | register struct lbuf *slp, *lp; |
| 300 | { |
| 301 | int ncols, nrows, row, col; |
| 302 | register struct lbuf *ep; |
| 303 | |
| 304 | ncols = 80 / colwidth; |
| 305 | if (ncols == 1 || cflg == 0) { |
| 306 | for (ep = slp; ep < lp; ep++) |
| 307 | pentry(ep); |
| 308 | return; |
| 309 | } |
| 310 | if (across) { |
| 311 | for (ep = slp; ep < lp; ep++) |
| 312 | pentry(ep); |
| 313 | return; |
| 314 | } |
| 315 | if (statreq) |
| 316 | slp--; |
| 317 | nrows = (lp - slp - 1) / ncols + 1; |
| 318 | for (row = 0; row < nrows; row++) { |
| 319 | col = row == 0 && statreq; |
| 320 | for (; col < ncols; col++) { |
| 321 | ep = slp + (nrows * col) + row; |
| 322 | if (ep < lp) |
| 323 | pentry(ep); |
| 324 | } |
| 325 | if (outcol) |
| 326 | printf("\n"); |
| 327 | } |
| 328 | } |
| 329 | |
| 330 | putchar(c) |
| 331 | char c; |
| 332 | { |
| 333 | |
| 334 | switch (c) { |
| 335 | case '\t': |
| 336 | outcol = (outcol + 8) &~ 7; |
| 337 | break; |
| 338 | case '\n': |
| 339 | outcol = 0; |
| 340 | break; |
| 341 | default: |
| 342 | if (qflg && (c < ' ' || c >= 0177)) |
| 343 | c = '?'; |
| 344 | outcol++; |
| 345 | break; |
| 346 | } |
| 347 | putc(c, &obuf); |
| 348 | } |
| 349 | |
| 350 | newline() |
| 351 | { |
| 352 | if (outcol) |
| 353 | putc('\n', &obuf); |
| 354 | outcol = 0; |
| 355 | } |
| 356 | |
| 357 | column() |
| 358 | { |
| 359 | register int i, j; |
| 360 | |
| 361 | if (outcol == 0) |
| 362 | return; |
| 363 | if (nopad) { |
| 364 | putc(',', &obuf); |
| 365 | outcol++; |
| 366 | if (outcol + colwidth + 2 > 80) { |
| 367 | putc('\n', &obuf); |
| 368 | outcol = 0; |
| 369 | return; |
| 370 | } |
| 371 | putc(' ', &obuf); |
| 372 | outcol++; |
| 373 | return; |
| 374 | } |
| 375 | if (cflg == 0) { |
| 376 | putc('\n', &obuf); |
| 377 | return; |
| 378 | } |
| 379 | if ((outcol / colwidth + 2) * colwidth > 80) { |
| 380 | putc('\n', &obuf); |
| 381 | outcol = 0; |
| 382 | return; |
| 383 | } |
| 384 | do { |
| 385 | i = colwidth - outcol % colwidth; |
| 386 | j = (outcol + 8) &~ 7; |
| 387 | if (j - outcol > i) |
| 388 | break; |
| 389 | putc('\t', &obuf); |
| 390 | outcol = j; |
| 391 | } while (outcol % colwidth); |
| 392 | while (outcol % colwidth) { |
| 393 | outcol++; |
| 394 | putc(' ', &obuf); |
| 395 | } |
| 396 | } |
| 397 | |
| 398 | pentry(ap) |
| 399 | struct lbuf *ap; |
| 400 | { |
| 401 | struct { char dminor, dmajor;}; |
| 402 | register t; |
| 403 | register struct lbuf *p; |
| 404 | register char *cp; |
| 405 | |
| 406 | p = ap; |
| 407 | if (p->lnum == -1) |
| 408 | return; |
| 409 | column(); |
| 410 | if (iflg) |
| 411 | if (nopad && !lflg) |
| 412 | printf("%d ", p->lnum); |
| 413 | else |
| 414 | printf("%4d ", p->lnum); |
| 415 | if (lflg) { |
| 416 | pmode(p); |
| 417 | printf("%3d ", p->lnl&0377); |
| 418 | t = /* p->lgid<<8 | */ (p->luid&0377); |
| 419 | if (nflg == 0 && getpw(t, tbuf)==0) { |
| 420 | char *cp = tbuf; |
| 421 | while (*cp && *cp != ':') cp++; *cp = 0; |
| 422 | printf("%-8.8s", tbuf); |
| 423 | } else |
| 424 | printf("%8d", t); |
| 425 | if (p->lflags & (BLK|CHR)) { |
| 426 | if (p->lflags&CHR && p->lsize == -1) |
| 427 | if (p->lquot[0] < 10000 && p->lquot[1] < 10000) |
| 428 | printf("%4d/%4d", |
| 429 | p->lquot[0], p->lquot[1]); |
| 430 | else |
| 431 | printf("%u/%u", |
| 432 | p->lquot[0], p->lquot[1]); |
| 433 | else |
| 434 | printf("%4d,%4d", p->lsize.dmajor&0477, |
| 435 | p->lsize.dminor&0377); |
| 436 | } else |
| 437 | printf("%9s", locv(p->lsize0&0377, p->lsize)); |
| 438 | |
| 439 | } |
| 440 | if (sflg) { |
| 441 | t = nblock(p->lsize0&0377, p->lsize); |
| 442 | if (nopad && !lflg) |
| 443 | printf("%s ", locv(0, t)); |
| 444 | else |
| 445 | printf("%4s ", locv(0, t)); |
| 446 | } |
| 447 | if (lflg) { |
| 448 | if (!sflg) |
| 449 | putchar(' '); |
| 450 | cp = ctime(p->lmtime); |
| 451 | if(p->lmtime[0] < year) |
| 452 | printf("%-7.7s %-4.4s ", cp+4, cp+20); else |
| 453 | printf("%-12.12s ", cp+4); |
| 454 | } |
| 455 | if (p->lflags&ISARG) |
| 456 | printf("%s", p->namep); |
| 457 | else |
| 458 | printf("%.14s", p->lname); |
| 459 | } |
| 460 | |
| 461 | nblock(size0, size) |
| 462 | int size0, size; |
| 463 | { |
| 464 | register int n; |
| 465 | |
| 466 | n = ldiv(size0&0377, size, 512); |
| 467 | if (size&0777) |
| 468 | n++; |
| 469 | if (n>8) |
| 470 | n =+ (n+255)/256; |
| 471 | return(n); |
| 472 | } |
| 473 | |
| 474 | int m0[] { 3, DIR, 'd', BLK, 'b', CHR, 'c', '-'}; |
| 475 | int m1[] { 1, ROWN, 'r', '-' }; |
| 476 | int m2[] { 1, WOWN, 'w', '-' }; |
| 477 | int m3[] { 2, SUID, 's', XOWN, 'x', '-' }; |
| 478 | int m1a[] { 1, RGRP, 'r', '-' }; |
| 479 | int m1b[] { 1, WGRP, 'w', '-' }; |
| 480 | int m1c[] { 2, SGID, 's', XGRP, 'x', '-' }; |
| 481 | int m4[] { 1, ROTH, 'r', '-' }; |
| 482 | int m5[] { 1, WOTH, 'w', '-' }; |
| 483 | int m6[] { 2, STXT, 't', XOTH, 'x', '-' }; |
| 484 | |
| 485 | int *m[] { m0, m1, m2, m3, m1a, m1b, m1c, m4, m5, m6}; |
| 486 | |
| 487 | pmode(ptr) |
| 488 | char *ptr; |
| 489 | { |
| 490 | register int **mp; |
| 491 | register struct lbuf *p; |
| 492 | |
| 493 | p = ptr; |
| 494 | flags = p->lflags; |
| 495 | if (flags&CHR && p->lsize == -1) |
| 496 | putchar('q'); |
| 497 | else |
| 498 | select(m[0]); |
| 499 | for (mp = &m[1]; mp < &m[10];) |
| 500 | select(*mp++); |
| 501 | } |
| 502 | |
| 503 | select(pairp) |
| 504 | int *pairp; |
| 505 | { |
| 506 | register int n, *ap; |
| 507 | |
| 508 | ap = pairp; |
| 509 | n = *ap++; |
| 510 | while (--n>=0 && (flags&*ap++)==0) |
| 511 | ap++; |
| 512 | putchar(*ap); |
| 513 | } |
| 514 | |
| 515 | makename(dir, file) |
| 516 | char *dir, *file; |
| 517 | { |
| 518 | static char dfile[100]; |
| 519 | register char *dp, *fp; |
| 520 | register int i; |
| 521 | |
| 522 | dp = dfile; |
| 523 | fp = dir; |
| 524 | while (*fp) |
| 525 | *dp++ = *fp++; |
| 526 | *dp++ = '/'; |
| 527 | fp = file; |
| 528 | for (i=0; i<14; i++) |
| 529 | *dp++ = *fp++; |
| 530 | *dp = 0; |
| 531 | return(dfile); |
| 532 | } |
| 533 | |
| 534 | readdir(dir) |
| 535 | char *dir; |
| 536 | { |
| 537 | static struct { |
| 538 | int dinode; |
| 539 | char dname[14]; |
| 540 | } dentry; |
| 541 | register char *p; |
| 542 | register int j; |
| 543 | register struct lbuf *ep; |
| 544 | |
| 545 | if (fopen(dir, &inf) < 0) { |
| 546 | newline(); |
| 547 | printf("%s unreadable\n", dir); |
| 548 | return; |
| 549 | } |
| 550 | tblocks = 0; |
| 551 | for(;;) { |
| 552 | p = &dentry; |
| 553 | for (j=0; j<16; j++) |
| 554 | *p++ = getc(&inf); |
| 555 | if (dentry.dinode==0 |
| 556 | || aflg==0 && dentry.dname[0]=='.' && ( |
| 557 | !Aflg || |
| 558 | dentry.dname[1] == 0 || (dentry.dname[1] == '.' |
| 559 | && dentry.dname[2] == 0))) |
| 560 | continue; |
| 561 | if (dentry.dinode == -1) |
| 562 | break; |
| 563 | ep = gstat(makename(dir, dentry.dname), 0); |
| 564 | if (ep->lnum != -1) |
| 565 | ep->lnum = dentry.dinode; |
| 566 | for (j=0; j<14; j++) |
| 567 | ep->lname[j] = dentry.dname[j]; |
| 568 | } |
| 569 | close(inf.fdes); |
| 570 | } |
| 571 | |
| 572 | gstat(file, argfl) |
| 573 | char *file; |
| 574 | { |
| 575 | struct ibuf statb; |
| 576 | register struct lbuf *rep; |
| 577 | |
| 578 | if (lastp+1 >= rlastp) { |
| 579 | sbrk(512); |
| 580 | rlastp.idev =+ 512; |
| 581 | } |
| 582 | rep = lastp; |
| 583 | lastp++; |
| 584 | rep->lflags = 0; |
| 585 | rep->lnum = 0; |
| 586 | if (argfl || statreq) { |
| 587 | if (stat(file, &statb)<0) { |
| 588 | newline(); |
| 589 | printf("%s not found\n", file); |
| 590 | statb.inum = -1; |
| 591 | statb.isize0 = 0; |
| 592 | statb.isize = 0; |
| 593 | statb.iflags = 0; |
| 594 | if (argfl) { |
| 595 | lastp--; |
| 596 | return(0); |
| 597 | } |
| 598 | } |
| 599 | rep->lnum = statb.inum; |
| 600 | statb.iflags =& ~DIR; |
| 601 | if ((statb.iflags&IFMT) == 060000) { |
| 602 | statb.iflags =& ~020000; |
| 603 | } else if ((statb.iflags&IFMT)==040000) { |
| 604 | statb.iflags =& ~IFMT; |
| 605 | statb.iflags =| DIR; |
| 606 | } |
| 607 | statb.iflags =& ~ LARGE; |
| 608 | if (statb.iflags & RSTXT) |
| 609 | statb.iflags =| STXT; |
| 610 | statb.iflags =& ~ RSTXT; |
| 611 | rep->lflags = statb.iflags; |
| 612 | rep->luid = statb.iuid; |
| 613 | rep->lgid = statb.igid; |
| 614 | rep->lnl = statb.inl; |
| 615 | rep->lsize0 = statb.isize0; |
| 616 | rep->lsize = statb.isize; |
| 617 | if (rep->lflags & (BLK|CHR) && lflg) { |
| 618 | rep->lsize = statb.iaddr[0]; |
| 619 | rep->lquot[0] = statb.iaddr[1]; |
| 620 | rep->lquot[1] = statb.iaddr[2]; |
| 621 | } |
| 622 | rep->lmtime[0] = statb.imtime[0]; |
| 623 | rep->lmtime[1] = statb.imtime[1]; |
| 624 | if(uflg) { |
| 625 | rep->lmtime[0] = statb.iatime[0]; |
| 626 | rep->lmtime[1] = statb.iatime[1]; |
| 627 | } |
| 628 | tblocks =+ nblock(statb.isize0, statb.isize); |
| 629 | } |
| 630 | return(rep); |
| 631 | } |
| 632 | |
| 633 | compar(ap1, ap2) |
| 634 | struct lbuf *ap1, *ap2; |
| 635 | { |
| 636 | register struct lbuf *p1, *p2; |
| 637 | register int i; |
| 638 | int j; |
| 639 | struct { char *charp;}; |
| 640 | |
| 641 | p1 = ap1; |
| 642 | p2 = ap2; |
| 643 | if (dflg==0) { |
| 644 | if ((p1->lflags&(DIR|ISARG)) == (DIR|ISARG)) { |
| 645 | if ((p2->lflags&(DIR|ISARG)) != (DIR|ISARG)) |
| 646 | return(1); |
| 647 | } else { |
| 648 | if ((p2->lflags&(DIR|ISARG)) == (DIR|ISARG)) |
| 649 | return(-1); |
| 650 | } |
| 651 | } |
| 652 | if (tflg) { |
| 653 | i = 0; |
| 654 | if (p2->lmtime[0] > p1->lmtime[0]) |
| 655 | i++; |
| 656 | else if (p2->lmtime[0] < p1->lmtime[0]) |
| 657 | i--; |
| 658 | else if (p2->lmtime[1] > p1->lmtime[1]) |
| 659 | i++; |
| 660 | else if (p2->lmtime[1] < p1->lmtime[1]) |
| 661 | i--; |
| 662 | return(i*rflg); |
| 663 | } |
| 664 | if (p1->lflags&ISARG) |
| 665 | p1 = p1->namep; |
| 666 | else |
| 667 | p1 = p1->lname; |
| 668 | if (p2->lflags&ISARG) |
| 669 | p2 = p2->namep; |
| 670 | else |
| 671 | p2 = p2->lname; |
| 672 | for (;;) |
| 673 | if ((j = *p1.charp++ - *p2.charp++) || p1.charp[-1]==0) |
| 674 | return(rflg*j); |
| 675 | return(0); |
| 676 | } |
| 677 | |
| 678 | strcpy(to, from) |
| 679 | char *to, *from; |
| 680 | { |
| 681 | |
| 682 | while (*to++ = *from++) |
| 683 | continue; |
| 684 | } |
| 685 | |
| 686 | strcat(to, from) |
| 687 | char *to, *from; |
| 688 | { |
| 689 | |
| 690 | while (*to) |
| 691 | to++; |
| 692 | strcpy(to, from); |
| 693 | } |