| 1 | |
| 2 | |
| 3 | |
| 4 | BADSECT(8) 1990 BADSECT(8) |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 | N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE |
| 9 | badsect - create files to contain bad sectors |
| 10 | |
| 11 | S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS |
| 12 | /\b/e\bet\btc\bc/\b/b\bba\bad\bds\bse\bec\bct\bt bbdir sector ... |
| 13 | |
| 14 | D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN |
| 15 | _\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt makes a file to contain a bad sector. Normally, bad |
| 16 | sectors are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, |
| 17 | which provides a forwarding table for bad sectors to the |
| 18 | driver; see _\bb_\ba_\bd_\b1_\b4_\b4(8) for details. If a driver supports the |
| 19 | bad blocking standard it is much preferable to use that |
| 20 | method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding |
| 21 | makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be |
| 22 | copied with _\bd_\bd(1). The technique used by this program is |
| 23 | also less general than bad block forwarding, as _\bb_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt |
| 24 | can't make amends for bad blocks in the i-list of file sys- |
| 25 | tems or in swap areas. |
| 26 | |
| 27 | On some disks, adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the |
| 28 | bad sector table currently requires the running of the stan- |
| 29 | dard DEC formatter. Thus to deal with a newly bad block or |
| 30 | on disks where the drivers do not support the bad-blocking |
| 31 | standard _\bb_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt may be used to good effect. |
| 32 | |
| 33 | _\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt is used on a quiet file system in the following way: |
| 34 | First mount the file system, and change to its root direc- |
| 35 | tory. Make a directory BAD there. Run _\bb_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt giving as |
| 36 | argument the BAD directory followed by all the bad sectors |
| 37 | you wish to add. (The sector numbers must be relative to |
| 38 | the beginning of the file system, but this is not hard as |
| 39 | the system reports relative sector numbers in its console |
| 40 | error messages.) Then change back to the root directory, |
| 41 | unmount the file system and run _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk(8) on the file system. |
| 42 | The bad sectors should show up in two files or in the bad |
| 43 | sector files and the free list. Have _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk remove files con- |
| 44 | taining the offending bad sectors, but d\bdo\bo n\bno\bot\bt have it remove |
| 45 | the BAD/_\bn_\bn_\bn_\bn_\bn files. This will leave the bad sectors in |
| 46 | only the BAD files. |
| 47 | |
| 48 | _\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt works by giving the specified sector numbers in a |
| 49 | _\bm_\bk_\bn_\bo_\bd(2) system call, creating an illegal file whose first |
| 50 | block address is the block containing bad sector and whose |
| 51 | name is the bad sector number. When it is discovered by |
| 52 | _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk it will ask ``HOLD BAD BLOCK''? A positive response |
| 53 | will cause _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk to convert the inode to a regular file con- |
| 54 | taining the bad block. |
| 55 | |
| 56 | S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO |
| 57 | bad144(8), fsck(8), format(8V) |
| 58 | |
| 59 | |
| 60 | |
| 61 | |
| 62 | |
| 63 | Printed 7/27/90 June 1 |
| 64 | |
| 65 | |
| 66 | |
| 67 | |
| 68 | |
| 69 | |
| 70 | BADSECT(8) 1990 BADSECT(8) |
| 71 | |
| 72 | |
| 73 | |
| 74 | D\bDI\bIA\bAG\bGN\bNO\bOS\bST\bTI\bIC\bCS\bS |
| 75 | _\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt refuses to attach a block that resides in a critical |
| 76 | area or is out of range of the file system. A warning is |
| 77 | issued if the block is already in use. |
| 78 | |
| 79 | B\bBU\bUG\bGS\bS |
| 80 | If more than one sector which comprise a file system frag- |
| 81 | ment are bad, you should specify only one of them to _\bb_\ba_\bd_\b- |
| 82 | _\bs_\be_\bc_\bt, as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover |
| 83 | all the sectors in a file system fragment. |
| 84 | |
| 85 | |
| 86 | |
| 87 | |
| 88 | |
| 89 | |
| 90 | |
| 91 | |
| 92 | |
| 93 | |
| 94 | |
| 95 | |
| 96 | |
| 97 | |
| 98 | |
| 99 | |
| 100 | |
| 101 | |
| 102 | |
| 103 | |
| 104 | |
| 105 | |
| 106 | |
| 107 | |
| 108 | |
| 109 | |
| 110 | |
| 111 | |
| 112 | |
| 113 | |
| 114 | |
| 115 | |
| 116 | |
| 117 | |
| 118 | |
| 119 | |
| 120 | |
| 121 | |
| 122 | |
| 123 | |
| 124 | |
| 125 | |
| 126 | |
| 127 | |
| 128 | |
| 129 | Printed 7/27/90 June 2 |
| 130 | |
| 131 | |
| 132 | |