| 1 | |
| 2 | |
| 3 | |
| 4 | NEWFS(8) 1990 NEWFS(8) |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 | N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE |
| 9 | newfs, mfs - construct a new file system |
| 10 | |
| 11 | S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS |
| 12 | n\bne\bew\bwf\bfs\bs [ -\b-N\bN ] [ n\bne\bew\bwf\bfs\bs-\b-o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs ] s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl |
| 13 | m\bmf\bfs\bs [ -\b-F\bF mount_flags ] [ n\bne\bew\bwf\bfs\bs-\b-o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs ] s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl n\bno\bod\bde\be |
| 14 | |
| 15 | D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN |
| 16 | _\bN_\be_\bw_\bf_\bs replaces the more obtuse _\bm_\bk_\bf_\bs(8) program. Before run- |
| 17 | ning _\bn_\be_\bw_\bf_\bs or _\bm_\bf_\bs, the disk must be labeled using _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bk_\bl_\ba_\b- |
| 18 | _\bb_\be_\bl(8). _\bN_\be_\bw_\bf_\bs builds a file system on the specified special |
| 19 | device basing its defaults on the information in the disk |
| 20 | label. Typically the defaults are reasonable, however _\bn_\be_\bw_\bf_\bs |
| 21 | has numerous options to allow the defaults to be selectively |
| 22 | overridden. The -\b-N\bN option causes the file system parameters |
| 23 | to be printed out without really creating the file system. |
| 24 | |
| 25 | _\bM_\bf_\bs is used to build a file system in virtual memory and |
| 26 | then mount it on a specified node. _\bM_\bf_\bs exits and the con- |
| 27 | tents of the file system are lost when the file system is |
| 28 | unmounted. If _\bm_\bf_\bs is sent a signal while running, for exam- |
| 29 | ple during system shutdown, it will attempt to unmount its |
| 30 | corresponding file system. The parameters to _\bm_\bf_\bs are the |
| 31 | same as those to _\bn_\be_\bw_\bf_\bs. The special file is only used to |
| 32 | read the disk label which provides a set of configuration |
| 33 | parameters for the memory based file system. The special |
| 34 | file is typically that of the primary swap area, since that |
| 35 | is where the file system will be backed up when free memory |
| 36 | gets low and the memory supporting the file system has to be |
| 37 | paged. |
| 38 | |
| 39 | The following options define the general layout policies. |
| 40 | |
| 41 | -\b-b\bb b\bbl\blo\boc\bck\bk-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be |
| 42 | The block size of the file system in bytes. |
| 43 | |
| 44 | -\b-f\bf f\bfr\bra\bag\bg-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be |
| 45 | The fragment size of the file system in bytes. |
| 46 | |
| 47 | -\b-m\bm f\bfr\bre\bee\be s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be %\b% |
| 48 | The percentage of space reserved from normal |
| 49 | users; the minimum free space threshold. The |
| 50 | default value used is 10%. See _\bt_\bu_\bn_\be_\bf_\bs(8) for more |
| 51 | details on how to set this option. |
| 52 | |
| 53 | -\b-o\bo o\bop\bpt\bti\bim\bmi\biz\bza\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn p\bpr\bre\bef\bfe\ber\bre\ben\bnc\bce\be (\b(`\b``\b`s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be'\b''\b' o\bor\br `\b``\b`t\bti\bim\bme\be'\b''\b')\b) |
| 54 | The file system can either be instructed to try to |
| 55 | minimize the time spent allocating blocks, or to |
| 56 | try to minimize the space fragmentation on the |
| 57 | disk. If the value of minfree (see above) is less |
| 58 | than 10%, the default is to optimize for space; if |
| 59 | the value of minfree greater than or equal to 10%, |
| 60 | |
| 61 | |
| 62 | |
| 63 | Printed 7/27/90 June 1 |
| 64 | |
| 65 | |
| 66 | |
| 67 | |
| 68 | |
| 69 | |
| 70 | NEWFS(8) 1990 NEWFS(8) |
| 71 | |
| 72 | |
| 73 | |
| 74 | the default is to optimize for time. See |
| 75 | _\bt_\bu_\bn_\be_\bf_\bs(8) for more details on how to set this |
| 76 | option. |
| 77 | |
| 78 | -\b-a\ba m\bma\bax\bxc\bco\bon\bnt\bti\big\bg |
| 79 | This specifies the maximum number of contiguous |
| 80 | blocks that will be laid out before forcing a |
| 81 | rotational delay (see -d below). The default |
| 82 | value is one. See _\bt_\bu_\bn_\be_\bf_\bs(8) for more details on |
| 83 | how to set this option. |
| 84 | |
| 85 | -\b-d\bd r\bro\bot\btd\bde\bel\bla\bay\by |
| 86 | This specifies the expected time (in milliseconds) |
| 87 | to service a transfer completion interrupt and |
| 88 | initiate a new transfer on the same disk. The |
| 89 | default is 4 milliseconds. See _\bt_\bu_\bn_\be_\bf_\bs(8) for more |
| 90 | details on how to set this option. |
| 91 | |
| 92 | -\b-e\be m\bma\bax\bxb\bbp\bpg\bg This indicates the maximum number of blocks any |
| 93 | single file can allocate out of a cylinder group |
| 94 | before it is forced to begin allocating blocks |
| 95 | from another cylinder group. The default is about |
| 96 | one quarter of the total blocks in a cylinder |
| 97 | group. See _\bt_\bu_\bn_\be_\bf_\bs(8) for more details on how to |
| 98 | set this option. |
| 99 | |
| 100 | -\b-i\bi n\bnu\bum\bmb\bbe\ber\br o\bof\bf b\bby\byt\bte\bes\bs p\bpe\ber\br i\bin\bno\bod\bde\be |
| 101 | This specifies the density of inodes in the file |
| 102 | system. The default is to create an inode for |
| 103 | each 2048 bytes of data space. If fewer inodes |
| 104 | are desired, a larger number should be used; to |
| 105 | create more inodes a smaller number should be |
| 106 | given. |
| 107 | |
| 108 | -\b-c\bc #\b#c\bcy\byl\bli\bin\bnd\bde\ber\brs\bs/\b/g\bgr\bro\bou\bup\bp |
| 109 | The number of cylinders per cylinder group in a |
| 110 | file system. The default value used is 16. |
| 111 | |
| 112 | -\b-s\bs s\bsi\biz\bze\be The size of the file system in sectors. |
| 113 | |
| 114 | The following options override the standard sizes for the |
| 115 | disk geometry. Their default values are taken from the disk |
| 116 | label. Changing these defaults is useful only when using |
| 117 | _\bn_\be_\bw_\bf_\bs to build a file system whose raw image will eventually |
| 118 | be used on a different type of disk than the one on which it |
| 119 | is initially created (for example on a write-once disk). |
| 120 | Note that changing any of these values from their defaults |
| 121 | will make it impossible for _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk to find the alternate |
| 122 | superblocks if the standard super block is lost. |
| 123 | |
| 124 | -\b-r\br r\bre\bev\bvo\bol\blu\but\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs/\b/m\bmi\bin\bnu\but\bte\be |
| 125 | The speed of the disk in revolutions per minute. |
| 126 | |
| 127 | |
| 128 | |
| 129 | Printed 7/27/90 June 2 |
| 130 | |
| 131 | |
| 132 | |
| 133 | |
| 134 | |
| 135 | |
| 136 | NEWFS(8) 1990 NEWFS(8) |
| 137 | |
| 138 | |
| 139 | |
| 140 | -\b-S\bS s\bse\bec\bct\bto\bor\br-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be |
| 141 | The size of a sector in bytes (almost never any- |
| 142 | thing but 512). |
| 143 | |
| 144 | -\b-u\bu s\bse\bec\bct\bto\bor\brs\bs/\b/t\btr\bra\bac\bck\bk |
| 145 | The number of sectors/track available for data |
| 146 | allocation by the file system. This does not |
| 147 | include sectors reserved at the end of each track |
| 148 | for bad block replacement (see -\b-p\bp below). |
| 149 | |
| 150 | -\b-t\bt #\b#t\btr\bra\bac\bck\bks\bs/\b/c\bcy\byl\bli\bin\bnd\bde\ber\br |
| 151 | The number of tracks/cylinder available for data |
| 152 | allocation by the file system. |
| 153 | |
| 154 | -\b-p\bp s\bsp\bpa\bar\bre\be s\bse\bec\bct\bto\bor\brs\bs p\bpe\ber\br t\btr\bra\bac\bck\bk |
| 155 | Spare sectors (bad sector replacements) are physi- |
| 156 | cal sectors that occupy space at the end of each |
| 157 | track. They are not counted as part of the |
| 158 | sectors/track (-\b-u\bu) since they are not available to |
| 159 | the file system for data allocation. |
| 160 | |
| 161 | -\b-x\bx s\bsp\bpa\bar\bre\be s\bse\bec\bct\bto\bor\brs\bs p\bpe\ber\br c\bcy\byl\bli\bin\bnd\bde\ber\br |
| 162 | Spare sectors (bad sector replacements) are physi- |
| 163 | cal sectors that occupy space at the end of the |
| 164 | last track in the cylinder. They are deducted |
| 165 | from the sectors/track (-\b-u\bu) of the last track of |
| 166 | each cylinder since they are not available to the |
| 167 | file system for data allocation. |
| 168 | |
| 169 | -\b-l\bl h\bha\bar\brd\bdw\bwa\bar\bre\be s\bse\bec\bct\bto\bor\br i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\brl\ble\bea\bav\bve\be |
| 170 | Used to describe perturbations in the media format |
| 171 | to compensate for a slow controller. Interleave |
| 172 | is physical sector interleave on each track, |
| 173 | specified as the denominator of the ratio: |
| 174 | sectors read / sectors passed over |
| 175 | Thus an interleave of 1/1 implies contiguous lay- |
| 176 | out, while 1/2 implies logical sector 0 is |
| 177 | separated by one sector from logical sector 1. |
| 178 | |
| 179 | -\b-k\bk s\bse\bec\bct\bto\bor\br 0\b0 s\bsk\bke\bew\bw,\b, p\bpe\ber\br t\btr\bra\bac\bck\bk |
| 180 | Used to describe perturbations in the media format |
| 181 | to compensate for a slow controller. Track skew |
| 182 | is the offset of sector 0 on track N relative to |
| 183 | sector 0 on track N-1 on the same cylinder. |
| 184 | |
| 185 | The following option applies only to _\bm_\bf_\bs. |
| 186 | |
| 187 | -\b-F\bF m\bmo\bou\bun\bnt\bt f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs |
| 188 | Used to pass in a decimal numeric value to be |
| 189 | passed as mount flags when running as a memory |
| 190 | based file system. This option is primarily |
| 191 | intended for use when _\bm_\bf_\bs is started by the |
| 192 | |
| 193 | |
| 194 | |
| 195 | Printed 7/27/90 June 3 |
| 196 | |
| 197 | |
| 198 | |
| 199 | |
| 200 | |
| 201 | |
| 202 | NEWFS(8) 1990 NEWFS(8) |
| 203 | |
| 204 | |
| 205 | |
| 206 | _\bm_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt(8) command. |
| 207 | |
| 208 | S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO |
| 209 | disktab(5), fs(5), disklabel(8), diskpart(8), fsck(8), for- |
| 210 | mat(8), tunefs(8) |
| 211 | |
| 212 | M. McKusick, W. Joy, S. Leffler, R. Fabry, ``A Fast File |
| 213 | System for UNIX'', _\bA_\bC_\bM _\bT_\br_\ba_\bn_\bs_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs _\bo_\bn _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bu_\bt_\be_\br _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm_\bs _\b2, |
| 214 | 3. pp 181-197, August 1984. (reprinted in the System |
| 215 | Manager's Manual, SMM:14) |
| 216 | |
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| 260 | |
| 261 | Printed 7/27/90 June 4 |
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| 264 | |