| 1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1988 Regents of the University of California. |
| 2 | .\" All rights reserved. |
| 3 | .\" |
| 4 | .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by |
| 5 | .\" Computer Consoles Inc. |
| 6 | .\" |
| 7 | .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted |
| 8 | .\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are |
| 9 | .\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, |
| 10 | .\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such |
| 11 | .\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed |
| 12 | .\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the |
| 13 | .\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived |
| 14 | .\" from this software without specific prior written permission. |
| 15 | .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR |
| 16 | .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED |
| 17 | .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. |
| 18 | .\" |
| 19 | .\" @(#)fsdb.8 6.2 (Berkeley) %G% |
| 20 | .\" |
| 21 | .TH FSDB 8 "" |
| 22 | .UC 7 |
| 23 | .SH NAME |
| 24 | fsdb \- file system debugger |
| 25 | .SH SYNOPSIS |
| 26 | .B /etc/fsdb |
| 27 | .RB [ options ] |
| 28 | special |
| 29 | .SH OPTIONS |
| 30 | The options available to |
| 31 | .I fsdb\^ |
| 32 | are: |
| 33 | .RS |
| 34 | .PD 0 |
| 35 | .TP 13 |
| 36 | .B -? |
| 37 | display usage |
| 38 | .TP 13 |
| 39 | .B -o |
| 40 | override some error conditions |
| 41 | .TP 13 |
| 42 | .B "-p'string'\^" |
| 43 | set prompt to string |
| 44 | .TP 13 |
| 45 | .B -w |
| 46 | open for write |
| 47 | .PD |
| 48 | .RE |
| 49 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
| 50 | Since |
| 51 | .I fsdb |
| 52 | reads the disk raw, |
| 53 | it is able to circumvent normal |
| 54 | file system security. |
| 55 | Extreme caution is advised |
| 56 | in determining its availability |
| 57 | on the system. |
| 58 | Suggested permissions are 600 |
| 59 | and owned by bin. |
| 60 | .PP |
| 61 | .I Fsdb\^ |
| 62 | can be used |
| 63 | to patch up |
| 64 | a damaged file system |
| 65 | after a crash. |
| 66 | It has conversions |
| 67 | to translate block and i-numbers |
| 68 | into their corresponding disk addresses. |
| 69 | Also included are mnemonic offsets |
| 70 | to access different parts |
| 71 | of an inode. |
| 72 | These greatly simplify the process |
| 73 | of correcting control block entries |
| 74 | or descending the file system tree. |
| 75 | .PP |
| 76 | .I Fsdb\^ |
| 77 | contains several error-checking routines |
| 78 | to verify inode and block addresses. |
| 79 | These can be disabled if necessary |
| 80 | by invoking |
| 81 | .I fsdb\^ |
| 82 | with the |
| 83 | .IR \-o |
| 84 | option |
| 85 | or by the use of the |
| 86 | .IR o |
| 87 | command. |
| 88 | .PP |
| 89 | .I Fsdb\^ |
| 90 | reads a block at a time |
| 91 | and will therefore work with raw as well as block |
| 92 | I/O. |
| 93 | A buffer management routine |
| 94 | is used to retain commonly used |
| 95 | blocks of data |
| 96 | in order to reduce the number of read system calls. |
| 97 | All assignment operations result |
| 98 | in an immediate write-through |
| 99 | of the corresponding block. |
| 100 | Note that in order to modify |
| 101 | any portion of the disk, |
| 102 | .IR fsdb |
| 103 | must be invoked with the |
| 104 | .IR -w |
| 105 | option. |
| 106 | .PP |
| 107 | Wherever possible, |
| 108 | .IR adb- like |
| 109 | syntax was adopted |
| 110 | to promote the use |
| 111 | of |
| 112 | .IR fsdb |
| 113 | through familiarity. |
| 114 | .PP |
| 115 | Numbers are considered hexadecimal by default. |
| 116 | However, the user has control over how data is |
| 117 | to be displayed |
| 118 | or accepted. |
| 119 | The |
| 120 | .IR base |
| 121 | command will display |
| 122 | or set the input/output base. |
| 123 | Once set, |
| 124 | all input will default to this base |
| 125 | and all output will be shown in this base. |
| 126 | The base can be overriden temporarily for input by |
| 127 | preceding hexadecimal numbers with '0x', preceding |
| 128 | decimal numbers with '0t', or |
| 129 | octal numbers with '0'. |
| 130 | Hexadecimal numbers beginning with a-f or A-F must |
| 131 | be preceded with '0x' |
| 132 | to distinguish them from commands. |
| 133 | .PP |
| 134 | Disk addressing by |
| 135 | .IR fsdb |
| 136 | is at the byte level. |
| 137 | However, |
| 138 | .IR fsdb |
| 139 | offers many commands to convert |
| 140 | a desired inode, directory entry, |
| 141 | block, superblock etc. to a |
| 142 | byte address. |
| 143 | Once the address has been calculated, |
| 144 | .IR fsdb |
| 145 | will record the result in |
| 146 | .IR dot |
| 147 | (see next paragraph). |
| 148 | .PP |
| 149 | Several global values are maintained by |
| 150 | .IR fsdb : |
| 151 | the current base (referred to as |
| 152 | .IR base ), |
| 153 | the current address (referred to as |
| 154 | .IR dot ), |
| 155 | the current inode (referred to as |
| 156 | .IR inode ), |
| 157 | the current count (referred to as |
| 158 | .IR count ), |
| 159 | and the current type (referred to as |
| 160 | .IR type ). |
| 161 | Most commands use the preset value of |
| 162 | .IR dot |
| 163 | in |
| 164 | their execution. |
| 165 | For example, |
| 166 | .RS |
| 167 | .PD 0 |
| 168 | .TP 7.2n |
| 169 | > 2:inode |
| 170 | .PD |
| 171 | .RE |
| 172 | will first set the value of |
| 173 | .IR dot |
| 174 | to 2, ':' will alert the start of a command, |
| 175 | and the |
| 176 | .IR inode |
| 177 | command will set |
| 178 | .IR inode |
| 179 | to 2. |
| 180 | A count is specified after a ','. |
| 181 | Once set, |
| 182 | .IR count |
| 183 | will remain at this value |
| 184 | until a new command is encountered |
| 185 | which will then reset the value back to 1 (the default). |
| 186 | So, if |
| 187 | .RS |
| 188 | .PD 0 |
| 189 | .TP 7.2n |
| 190 | > 2000,400/X |
| 191 | .PD |
| 192 | .RE |
| 193 | is typed, |
| 194 | 400 hex longs are listed |
| 195 | from 2000, |
| 196 | and when completed, |
| 197 | the value of |
| 198 | .IR dot |
| 199 | will be 2000 + 400 * sizeof (long). |
| 200 | If a carriage-return is then typed, |
| 201 | the output routine will use the |
| 202 | current values of |
| 203 | .IR dot , |
| 204 | .IR count , |
| 205 | and |
| 206 | .IR type |
| 207 | and display 400 more hex longs. |
| 208 | A '*' will cause the entire block to |
| 209 | be displayed. |
| 210 | .PP |
| 211 | End of fragment, block and file are maintained by |
| 212 | .IR fsdb. |
| 213 | When displaying data as fragments or blocks, |
| 214 | an error message will be displayed when the end of fragment |
| 215 | or block is reached. |
| 216 | When displaying data using the |
| 217 | .IR db, |
| 218 | .IR ib, |
| 219 | .IR directory, |
| 220 | or |
| 221 | .IR file |
| 222 | commands an error message is displayed if the |
| 223 | end of file is reached. |
| 224 | This is mainly needed |
| 225 | to avoid passing the |
| 226 | end of a directory or file |
| 227 | and getting unknown and unwanted results. |
| 228 | .PP |
| 229 | An example showing several commands and |
| 230 | the use of carriage-return would be: |
| 231 | .RS |
| 232 | .PD 0 |
| 233 | .TP 7.2n |
| 234 | > 2:ino; 0:dir?d |
| 235 | .br |
| 236 | or |
| 237 | .PD |
| 238 | .RE |
| 239 | .RS |
| 240 | .PD 0 |
| 241 | .TP 7.2n |
| 242 | > 2:ino; 0:db:block?d |
| 243 | .PD |
| 244 | .RE |
| 245 | The two examples are synonymous for getting to the first |
| 246 | directory entry of the root of the file system. |
| 247 | Once there, |
| 248 | subsequent carriage-returns (or +, -) will advance to subsequent |
| 249 | entries. |
| 250 | Note that |
| 251 | .RS |
| 252 | .PD 0 |
| 253 | .TP 7.2n |
| 254 | > 2:inode; :ls |
| 255 | .br |
| 256 | or |
| 257 | .PD |
| 258 | .RE |
| 259 | .RS |
| 260 | .PD 0 |
| 261 | .TP 7.2n |
| 262 | > :ls / |
| 263 | .PD |
| 264 | .RE |
| 265 | is again synonymous. |
| 266 | .SH EXPRESSIONS |
| 267 | .PP |
| 268 | The symbols recognized by |
| 269 | .I fsdb\^ |
| 270 | are: |
| 271 | .TP 7.2n |
| 272 | .B carriage-return |
| 273 | update the value of |
| 274 | .IR dot |
| 275 | by the current value of |
| 276 | .IR type |
| 277 | and display using the current value of |
| 278 | .IR count . |
| 279 | .TP 7.2n |
| 280 | .B # |
| 281 | numeric expressions may be composed of +, -, *, and % operators |
| 282 | (evaluated left to right) and may use parentheses. Once evaluated, |
| 283 | the value of |
| 284 | .IR dot |
| 285 | is updated. |
| 286 | .TP 7.2n |
| 287 | .BI , " count"\^ |
| 288 | count indicator. The global value of |
| 289 | .IR count |
| 290 | will be updated to |
| 291 | .IR count . |
| 292 | The value of |
| 293 | .IR count |
| 294 | will remain until a new command is run. |
| 295 | A count specifier of '*' will attempt to show a |
| 296 | .IR blocks's |
| 297 | worth of information. |
| 298 | The default for |
| 299 | .IR count |
| 300 | is 1. |
| 301 | .TP 7.2n |
| 302 | .BI ? " f\^" |
| 303 | display in structured style with format |
| 304 | specifier |
| 305 | .IR f |
| 306 | (see FORMATTED OUTPUT section). |
| 307 | .TP 7.2n |
| 308 | .BI / " f\^" |
| 309 | display in unstructured style with format |
| 310 | specifier |
| 311 | .IR f |
| 312 | (see FORMATTED OUTPUT section). |
| 313 | .TP 7.2n |
| 314 | .B . |
| 315 | the value of |
| 316 | .IR dot . |
| 317 | .TP 7.2n |
| 318 | .BI + "e\^" |
| 319 | increment the value of |
| 320 | .IR dot |
| 321 | by the expression |
| 322 | .IR e. |
| 323 | The amount actually incremented is dependent |
| 324 | on the size of |
| 325 | .IR type : |
| 326 | .br |
| 327 | .nf |
| 328 | dot = dot + e * sizeof (type) |
| 329 | .fi |
| 330 | The default for |
| 331 | .IR e |
| 332 | is 1. |
| 333 | .TP 7.2n |
| 334 | .BI - "e\^" |
| 335 | decrement the value of |
| 336 | .IR dot |
| 337 | by the expression |
| 338 | .IR e |
| 339 | (see +). |
| 340 | .TP 7.2n |
| 341 | .BI * "e\^" |
| 342 | multiply the value of |
| 343 | .IR dot |
| 344 | by the expression |
| 345 | .IR e. |
| 346 | Multiplication and division don't |
| 347 | use |
| 348 | .IR type. |
| 349 | In the above calculation of |
| 350 | .IR dot , |
| 351 | consider the |
| 352 | sizeof ( |
| 353 | .IR type ) |
| 354 | to be 1. |
| 355 | .TP 7.2n |
| 356 | .BI % "e\^" |
| 357 | divide the value of |
| 358 | .IR dot |
| 359 | by the expression |
| 360 | .IR e |
| 361 | (see *). |
| 362 | .TP 7.2n |
| 363 | .BI < " name\^" |
| 364 | restore an address saved in register |
| 365 | .IR name . |
| 366 | .IR name |
| 367 | must be a single letter or digit. |
| 368 | .TP 7.2n |
| 369 | .BI > " name\^" |
| 370 | save an address in register |
| 371 | .IR name . |
| 372 | .IR name |
| 373 | must be a single letter or digit. |
| 374 | .TP 7.2n |
| 375 | .BI = " f" |
| 376 | display indicator. |
| 377 | If |
| 378 | .IR f |
| 379 | is a legitimate format specifier |
| 380 | (see FORMATTED OUTPUT |
| 381 | section), |
| 382 | then the value of |
| 383 | .IR dot |
| 384 | is displayed using |
| 385 | format specifier |
| 386 | .IR f . |
| 387 | Otherwise, |
| 388 | assignment is assumed |
| 389 | (see next item). |
| 390 | .TP 7.2n |
| 391 | .BI = " [s] [e]\^" |
| 392 | assignment indicator. |
| 393 | The address pointed to by |
| 394 | .IR dot |
| 395 | has its contents changed to the value of the |
| 396 | expression |
| 397 | .IR e |
| 398 | or to the |
| 399 | .IR ASCII |
| 400 | representation of the |
| 401 | quoted (") string |
| 402 | .IR s. |
| 403 | This may be useful for changing |
| 404 | directory names or |
| 405 | .IR ASCII |
| 406 | file information. |
| 407 | .TP 7.2n |
| 408 | .BI =+ " e\^" |
| 409 | incremental assignment. |
| 410 | The address pointed to by |
| 411 | .IR dot |
| 412 | has its contents incremented by expression |
| 413 | .IR e . |
| 414 | .TP 7.2n |
| 415 | .BI =- " e\^" |
| 416 | decremental assignment. |
| 417 | The address pointed to by |
| 418 | .IR dot |
| 419 | has its contents decremented by expression |
| 420 | .IR e . |
| 421 | .SH COMMANDS |
| 422 | .PP |
| 423 | A command must be prefixed by a ':' character. |
| 424 | Only enough letters of the command |
| 425 | to uniquely |
| 426 | distinguish it are needed. |
| 427 | Multiple commands may be entered |
| 428 | on one line by separating |
| 429 | them by a space, tab or ';'. |
| 430 | .PP |
| 431 | In order to view a potentially |
| 432 | unmounted disk in a reasonable |
| 433 | manner, |
| 434 | .I fsdb\^ |
| 435 | offers the |
| 436 | .IR cd , |
| 437 | .IR pwd , |
| 438 | .IR ls |
| 439 | and |
| 440 | .IR find |
| 441 | commands. |
| 442 | The functionality of these |
| 443 | commands substantially matches those of |
| 444 | its |
| 445 | .IR UNIX |
| 446 | counterparts |
| 447 | (see individual command for details). |
| 448 | The '*', '?', and '[-]' wild card |
| 449 | characters are available. |
| 450 | .TP 7.2n |
| 451 | .BI base=b |
| 452 | display or set base. As stated above, |
| 453 | all input and output is governed by |
| 454 | the current |
| 455 | .IR base . |
| 456 | If the '=b' is left off, |
| 457 | the current |
| 458 | .IR base |
| 459 | is displayed. |
| 460 | Otherwise, the current |
| 461 | .IR base |
| 462 | is set |
| 463 | to |
| 464 | .IR b. |
| 465 | Note that this is interpreted |
| 466 | using the old value of |
| 467 | .IR base , |
| 468 | so to ensure correctness use the '0', '0t', or '0x' |
| 469 | prefix when changing the |
| 470 | .IR base. |
| 471 | The default for |
| 472 | .IR base |
| 473 | is hexadecimal. |
| 474 | .TP 7.2n |
| 475 | .B block |
| 476 | convert the value of |
| 477 | .IR dot |
| 478 | to a block address. |
| 479 | .TP 7.2n |
| 480 | .B cd dir |
| 481 | change the current directory |
| 482 | to directory |
| 483 | .IR dir. |
| 484 | The current values of |
| 485 | .IR inode |
| 486 | and |
| 487 | .IR dot |
| 488 | are also updated. |
| 489 | If no |
| 490 | .IR dir |
| 491 | is specified, |
| 492 | then change directories to |
| 493 | inode 2 ("/"). |
| 494 | .TP 7.2n |
| 495 | .B cg |
| 496 | convert the value of |
| 497 | .IR dot |
| 498 | to a cylinder group. |
| 499 | .TP 7.2n |
| 500 | .B directory |
| 501 | If the current |
| 502 | .IR inode |
| 503 | is a directory, |
| 504 | then the value of |
| 505 | .IR dot |
| 506 | is converted to a directory |
| 507 | slot offset in that directory |
| 508 | and |
| 509 | .IR dot |
| 510 | now points to |
| 511 | this entry. |
| 512 | .TP 7.2n |
| 513 | .B file |
| 514 | the value of |
| 515 | .IR dot |
| 516 | is taken as |
| 517 | a relative block count from the |
| 518 | beginning of the file. |
| 519 | The value of |
| 520 | .IR dot |
| 521 | is updated to the first byte |
| 522 | of this block. |
| 523 | .IR |
| 524 | .TP 7.2n |
| 525 | .BI find " dir [-name n] [-inum i]\^" |
| 526 | find files by name or i-number. |
| 527 | .IR find |
| 528 | recursively searches |
| 529 | directory |
| 530 | .IR dir |
| 531 | and below for filenames whose |
| 532 | i-number matches |
| 533 | .IR i |
| 534 | or whose name |
| 535 | matches pattern |
| 536 | .IR n . |
| 537 | Note that only one of the two options |
| 538 | (-name or -inum) |
| 539 | may be used at one time. |
| 540 | Also, the -print is not needed or |
| 541 | accepted. |
| 542 | .TP 7.2n |
| 543 | .BI fill "=p\^" |
| 544 | fill an area of disk with pattern |
| 545 | .IR p. |
| 546 | The area of disk |
| 547 | is delimited by |
| 548 | .IR dot |
| 549 | and |
| 550 | .IR count . |
| 551 | .TP 7.2n |
| 552 | .B fragment |
| 553 | convert the value of |
| 554 | .IR dot |
| 555 | to |
| 556 | a fragment address. |
| 557 | The only difference between the |
| 558 | .IR fragment |
| 559 | command and the |
| 560 | .IR block |
| 561 | command is the amount that |
| 562 | is able to be displayed. |
| 563 | .TP 7.2n |
| 564 | .B inode |
| 565 | convert the value of |
| 566 | .IR dot |
| 567 | to an inode address. |
| 568 | If successful, |
| 569 | the current value of |
| 570 | .IR inode |
| 571 | will be updated as well as |
| 572 | the value of |
| 573 | .IR dot. |
| 574 | As a convenient shorthand, |
| 575 | if ':inode' appears at the |
| 576 | beginning of the line, |
| 577 | the value of |
| 578 | .IR dot |
| 579 | is set to the current |
| 580 | .IR inode |
| 581 | and that inode is displayed |
| 582 | in inode format. |
| 583 | .TP 7.2n |
| 584 | .BI ls " [-R] [-l] pat1 pat2 ...\^" |
| 585 | list directories or files. |
| 586 | If no file is specified, |
| 587 | the current directory is assumed. |
| 588 | Either or both of the |
| 589 | options may be used (but, if used, |
| 590 | .IR must |
| 591 | be specified before the |
| 592 | filename specifiers). |
| 593 | Also, as stated above, |
| 594 | wild card characters are |
| 595 | available and multiple |
| 596 | arguments may be given. |
| 597 | The long listing shows only |
| 598 | the i-number and the name; |
| 599 | use the |
| 600 | .IR inode |
| 601 | command with '?i' |
| 602 | to get more information. |
| 603 | .TP 7.2n |
| 604 | .B override |
| 605 | toggle the value of override. |
| 606 | Some error conditions may be |
| 607 | overriden |
| 608 | if override is toggled on. |
| 609 | .TP 7.2n |
| 610 | .BI prompt " p\^" |
| 611 | change the fsdb prompt to |
| 612 | .IR p. |
| 613 | .IR p |
| 614 | must be surrounded by (")s. |
| 615 | .TP 7.2n |
| 616 | .B pwd |
| 617 | display the current working directory. |
| 618 | .TP 7.2n |
| 619 | .B quit |
| 620 | quit |
| 621 | .IR fsdb . |
| 622 | .TP 7.2n |
| 623 | .B sb |
| 624 | the value of |
| 625 | .IR dot |
| 626 | is taken as a cylinder group |
| 627 | number and then converted to |
| 628 | the address of the superblock |
| 629 | in that cylinder group. |
| 630 | As a shorthand, ':sb' at |
| 631 | the beginning of a line |
| 632 | will set the value of |
| 633 | .IR dot |
| 634 | to |
| 635 | .IR the |
| 636 | superblock and display it |
| 637 | in superblock format. |
| 638 | .TP 7.2n |
| 639 | .B ! |
| 640 | escape to shell |
| 641 | .SH INODE COMMANDS |
| 642 | In addition to the above commands, |
| 643 | there are several commands that deal with inode |
| 644 | fields and operate directly on the current |
| 645 | .IR inode |
| 646 | (they still require the ':'). |
| 647 | They may be used to more easily display |
| 648 | or change the particular fields. |
| 649 | The value of |
| 650 | .IR dot |
| 651 | is only used by the ':db' |
| 652 | and ':ib' commands. |
| 653 | Upon completion of the command, |
| 654 | the value of |
| 655 | .IR dot |
| 656 | is changed to point to |
| 657 | that particular field. |
| 658 | For example, |
| 659 | .RS |
| 660 | .PD 0 |
| 661 | .TP 7.2n |
| 662 | > :ln=+1 |
| 663 | .PD |
| 664 | .RE |
| 665 | would |
| 666 | increment the link count of the current |
| 667 | .IR inode |
| 668 | and set the value of |
| 669 | .IR dot |
| 670 | to the address of the link |
| 671 | count field. |
| 672 | .TP 7.2n |
| 673 | .B at |
| 674 | access time. |
| 675 | .TP 7.2n |
| 676 | .B bs |
| 677 | block size. |
| 678 | .TP 7.2n |
| 679 | .B ct |
| 680 | creation time. |
| 681 | .TP 7.2n |
| 682 | .B db |
| 683 | use the current value of |
| 684 | .IR dot |
| 685 | as a direct block index, |
| 686 | where direct blocks number from |
| 687 | 0 - 11. |
| 688 | In order to display the block |
| 689 | itself, you need to 'pipe' this |
| 690 | result into the |
| 691 | .IR block |
| 692 | or |
| 693 | .IR fragment |
| 694 | command. |
| 695 | For example, |
| 696 | .br |
| 697 | .nf |
| 698 | > 1:db:block,20/X |
| 699 | .fi |
| 700 | would get the contents of |
| 701 | data block field 1 from the inode and |
| 702 | convert it to a block address. |
| 703 | 20 longs are then displayed in hexadecimal |
| 704 | (see FORMATTED OUTPUT section). |
| 705 | .TP 7.2n |
| 706 | .B gid |
| 707 | group id. |
| 708 | .TP 7.2n |
| 709 | .B ib |
| 710 | use the current value of |
| 711 | .IR dot |
| 712 | as an indirect block index |
| 713 | where indirect blocks number from |
| 714 | 0 - 2. |
| 715 | This will only get the indirect block itself |
| 716 | (the block containing the pointers to the actual blocks). |
| 717 | Use the |
| 718 | .IR file |
| 719 | command and start at block 12 to get to the actual |
| 720 | blocks. |
| 721 | .TP 7.2n |
| 722 | .B ln |
| 723 | link count. |
| 724 | .TP 7.2n |
| 725 | .B mt |
| 726 | modification time. |
| 727 | .TP 7.2n |
| 728 | .B md |
| 729 | mode. |
| 730 | .TP 7.2n |
| 731 | .B maj |
| 732 | major device number. |
| 733 | .TP 7.2n |
| 734 | .B min |
| 735 | minor device number. |
| 736 | .TP 7.2n |
| 737 | .B nm |
| 738 | although listed here, |
| 739 | this command actually |
| 740 | operates on the directory |
| 741 | name field. |
| 742 | Once poised at the desired |
| 743 | directory entry (using the |
| 744 | .IR directory |
| 745 | command), |
| 746 | this command will allow |
| 747 | you to change or display |
| 748 | the directory name. |
| 749 | For example, |
| 750 | .br |
| 751 | .nf |
| 752 | > 7:dir:nm="foo" |
| 753 | .fi |
| 754 | will get the 7th directory |
| 755 | entry of the current |
| 756 | .IR inode |
| 757 | and change its name to foo. |
| 758 | Note that names |
| 759 | cannot be made larger than the |
| 760 | field is set up for. |
| 761 | If an attempt is made, |
| 762 | the string is truncated to fit |
| 763 | and a warning message to this |
| 764 | effect is displayed. |
| 765 | .TP 7.2n |
| 766 | .B sz |
| 767 | file size. |
| 768 | .TP 7.2n |
| 769 | .B uid |
| 770 | user id. |
| 771 | .SH FORMATTED OUTPUT |
| 772 | .PP |
| 773 | There are two styles |
| 774 | and many format types. |
| 775 | The two styles are structured and |
| 776 | unstructured. |
| 777 | Structured output is used to display |
| 778 | inodes, directories, superblocks and the |
| 779 | like. |
| 780 | Unstructured just displays |
| 781 | raw data. |
| 782 | The following table shows the |
| 783 | different ways of displaying: |
| 784 | .TP 7.2n |
| 785 | .B ? |
| 786 | .RS |
| 787 | .PD 0 |
| 788 | .TP 13 |
| 789 | .B c |
| 790 | display as cylinder groups |
| 791 | .TP 13 |
| 792 | .B i |
| 793 | display as inodes |
| 794 | .TP 13 |
| 795 | .B d |
| 796 | display as directories |
| 797 | .TP 13 |
| 798 | .B s |
| 799 | display as superblocks |
| 800 | .PD |
| 801 | .RE |
| 802 | .TP 7.2n |
| 803 | .B / |
| 804 | .RS |
| 805 | .PD 0 |
| 806 | .TP 13 |
| 807 | .B b |
| 808 | display as bytes |
| 809 | .TP 13 |
| 810 | .B c |
| 811 | display as characters |
| 812 | .TP 13 |
| 813 | .B o O |
| 814 | display as octal shorts or longs |
| 815 | .TP 13 |
| 816 | .B d D |
| 817 | display as decimal shorts or longs |
| 818 | .TP 13 |
| 819 | .B x X |
| 820 | display as hexadecimal shorts or longs |
| 821 | .PD |
| 822 | .RE |
| 823 | .PP |
| 824 | The format specifier immediately follows |
| 825 | the '/' or '?' character. |
| 826 | The values displayed by '/b' and all '?' |
| 827 | formats are displayed in the current |
| 828 | .IR base . |
| 829 | Also, |
| 830 | .IR type |
| 831 | is appropriately updated |
| 832 | upon completion. |
| 833 | .SH EXAMPLES |
| 834 | .TP 16 |
| 835 | > 2000+400%(20+20)=D |
| 836 | will display 2010 in decimal (use of |
| 837 | .IR fsdb |
| 838 | as a calculator |
| 839 | for complex arithmetic). |
| 840 | .TP 16 |
| 841 | > 386:ino?i |
| 842 | display i-number 386 in an inode format. |
| 843 | This now becomes the current |
| 844 | .IR inode . |
| 845 | .TP 16 |
| 846 | > :ln=4 |
| 847 | changes the link count for the |
| 848 | current |
| 849 | .IR inode |
| 850 | to 4. |
| 851 | .TP 16 |
| 852 | > :ln=+1 |
| 853 | increments the link count by 1. |
| 854 | .TP 16 |
| 855 | > :ct=X |
| 856 | display the creation time as a hexadecimal long. |
| 857 | .TP 16 |
| 858 | > :mt=t |
| 859 | display the modification time in time format. |
| 860 | .TP 16 |
| 861 | > 0:file/c |
| 862 | displays, in |
| 863 | .IR ASCII , |
| 864 | block zero of the file associated |
| 865 | with the |
| 866 | current |
| 867 | .IR inode . |
| 868 | .TP 16 |
| 869 | > 2:ino,*?d |
| 870 | displays the first blocks worth of directory entries for |
| 871 | the root inode of this file system. |
| 872 | It will stop prematurely if the eof is reached. |
| 873 | .TP 16 |
| 874 | > 5:dir:inode; 0:file,*/c |
| 875 | changes the current inode to that |
| 876 | associated with the 5th directory entry |
| 877 | (numbered from zero) |
| 878 | of the current |
| 879 | .IR inode. |
| 880 | The first logical block of the file |
| 881 | is then displayed in |
| 882 | .IR ASCII . |
| 883 | .TP 16 |
| 884 | > :sb |
| 885 | displays the superblock of this file system. |
| 886 | .TP 16 |
| 887 | > 1:cg?c |
| 888 | displays cylinder group information and summary |
| 889 | for cylinder group 1. |
| 890 | .TP 16 |
| 891 | > 2:inode; 7:dir=3 |
| 892 | changes the i-number for the |
| 893 | seventh directory slot in the root directory to 3. |
| 894 | .TP 16 |
| 895 | > 7:dir:nm="name" |
| 896 | changes the name field |
| 897 | in the directory slot to |
| 898 | .IR name . |
| 899 | .TP 16 |
| 900 | > 2:db:block,*?d |
| 901 | displays the third block of the current |
| 902 | .IR inode |
| 903 | as directory entries. |
| 904 | .TP 16 |
| 905 | > 3c3:fragment,20:fill=0x20 |
| 906 | get fragment 3c3 and fill 20 |
| 907 | .IR type |
| 908 | elements |
| 909 | with 0x20. |
| 910 | .TP 16 |
| 911 | > 2050=0xffff |
| 912 | set the contents of address 2050 to 0xffffffff. |
| 913 | 0xffffffff may be truncated depending on the current |
| 914 | .IR type. |
| 915 | .TP 16 |
| 916 | > 1c92434="this is some text" |
| 917 | will place the |
| 918 | .IR ASCII |
| 919 | for the string at |
| 920 | 1c92434. |
| 921 | .SH SEE ALSO |
| 922 | fsck(8), dir(4), fs(5). |
| 923 | .SH BUGS |
| 924 | .PP |
| 925 | Extreme caution is advised in |
| 926 | determining the availability |
| 927 | of |
| 928 | .IR fsdb |
| 929 | on the system. |
| 930 | Suggested permissions are 600 and |
| 931 | owned by bin. |