| 1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1985 Regents of the University of California. |
| 2 | .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement |
| 3 | .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. |
| 4 | .\" |
| 5 | .\" @(#)systat.1 6.6 (Berkeley) %G% |
| 6 | .\" |
| 7 | .TH SYSTAT 1 "" |
| 8 | .UC 6 |
| 9 | .SH NAME |
| 10 | systat \- display system statistics on a crt |
| 11 | .SH SYNOPSIS |
| 12 | .B systat |
| 13 | [ |
| 14 | .RI \- display |
| 15 | ] [ |
| 16 | refresh-interval |
| 17 | ] |
| 18 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
| 19 | .B Systat |
| 20 | displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion |
| 21 | using the curses screen display library, |
| 22 | .IR curses (3X). |
| 23 | .PP |
| 24 | While |
| 25 | .I systat |
| 26 | is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception |
| 27 | is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The |
| 28 | upper window depicts the current system load average. The |
| 29 | information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on |
| 30 | user commands. The last line on the screen is reserved for user |
| 31 | input and error messages. |
| 32 | .PP |
| 33 | By default |
| 34 | .I systat |
| 35 | displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor |
| 36 | in the lower window. Other displays show swap space usage, disk i/o |
| 37 | statistics (a la |
| 38 | .IR iostat (1)), |
| 39 | virtual memory statistics (a la |
| 40 | .IR vmstat (1)), |
| 41 | network ``mbuf'' utilization, and network connections (a la |
| 42 | .IR netstat (1)). |
| 43 | .PP |
| 44 | Input is interpreted at two different levels. |
| 45 | A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input. |
| 46 | If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the |
| 47 | input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This |
| 48 | allows each display to have certain display-specific commands. |
| 49 | .PP |
| 50 | Certain characters cause immediate action by |
| 51 | .IR systat . |
| 52 | These are |
| 53 | .IP ^L |
| 54 | Refresh the screen. |
| 55 | .IP ^G |
| 56 | Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in |
| 57 | the lower window and the refresh interval. |
| 58 | .IP ^Z |
| 59 | Stop |
| 60 | .IR systat . |
| 61 | .IP : |
| 62 | Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input |
| 63 | line typed as a command. While entering a command the |
| 64 | current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters |
| 65 | may be used. |
| 66 | .PP |
| 67 | The following commands are interpreted by the ``global'' |
| 68 | command interpreter. |
| 69 | .IP help |
| 70 | .br |
| 71 | Print the names of the available displays on the command line. |
| 72 | .IP load |
| 73 | .br |
| 74 | Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes |
| 75 | on the command line. |
| 76 | .IP stop |
| 77 | .br |
| 78 | Stop refreshing the screen. |
| 79 | .IP "[ start ] [ number ]" |
| 80 | .br |
| 81 | Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric, |
| 82 | argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval |
| 83 | (in seconds). |
| 84 | Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this |
| 85 | value. |
| 86 | .IP "quit" |
| 87 | .br |
| 88 | Exit |
| 89 | .IR systat . |
| 90 | (This may be abbreviated to |
| 91 | .IR q .) |
| 92 | .PP |
| 93 | The available displays are: |
| 94 | .IP pigs |
| 95 | .br |
| 96 | Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main |
| 97 | memory and getting the |
| 98 | largest portion of the processor (the default display). |
| 99 | When less than 100% of the |
| 100 | processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time |
| 101 | is accounted to the ``idle'' process. |
| 102 | .IP iostat |
| 103 | .br |
| 104 | Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use |
| 105 | and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as |
| 106 | bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''), |
| 107 | in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in |
| 108 | system mode (``system''), and idle (``idle''). Statistics |
| 109 | on disk throughput show, for each drive, kilobytes of data transferred, |
| 110 | number of disk transactions performed, and average seek time |
| 111 | (in milliseconds). This information may be displayed as |
| 112 | bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar |
| 113 | graphs are shown by default; commands specific to this display |
| 114 | are discussed below. |
| 115 | .IP swap |
| 116 | .br |
| 117 | Display, in the lower window, swap space in use on each swap |
| 118 | device configured. Two sets of bar graphs are shown. The |
| 119 | upper graph displays swap space allocated to pure text segments |
| 120 | (code), the lower graph displays space allocated to stack and |
| 121 | data segments. Allocated space is sorted by its size into buckets |
| 122 | of size dmmin, dmmin*2, dmmin*4, up to dmmax (to reflect allocation |
| 123 | policies imposed by the system). The disk segment size, in sectors, |
| 124 | is displayed along the left hand side of the text, |
| 125 | and data and stack graphs. |
| 126 | Space allocated to the user structure and page |
| 127 | tables is not currently accounted for. |
| 128 | .IP mbufs |
| 129 | .br |
| 130 | Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated |
| 131 | for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc. |
| 132 | .IP vmstat |
| 133 | .br |
| 134 | Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium |
| 135 | of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling, |
| 136 | device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk i/o, etc. |
| 137 | .IP |
| 138 | The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number |
| 139 | of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five, |
| 140 | and fifteen minute intervals. |
| 141 | Below this line are statistics on memory utilization. |
| 142 | The first row of the table reports memory usage only among |
| 143 | active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous |
| 144 | twenty seconds. |
| 145 | The second row reports on memory usage of all processes. |
| 146 | The first column reports on the number of physical pages |
| 147 | claimed by processes. |
| 148 | The second column reports the number of physical pages that |
| 149 | are devoted to read only text pages. |
| 150 | The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for |
| 151 | virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be |
| 152 | needed if all processes had all of their pages. |
| 153 | Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages |
| 154 | on the free list. |
| 155 | .IP |
| 156 | Below the memory display is the disk usage display. |
| 157 | It reports the number of seeks, transfers, and number |
| 158 | of kilobyte blocks transferred per second averaged over the |
| 159 | refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds). |
| 160 | For some disks it also reports the average milliseconds per seek. |
| 161 | Note that the system only keeps statistics on at most four disks. |
| 162 | .IP |
| 163 | Below the disk display is a list of the |
| 164 | average number of processes (over the last refresh interval) |
| 165 | that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'), |
| 166 | in disk wait other than paging (`d'), |
| 167 | sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w'). |
| 168 | Below the queue length listing is a numerical listing and |
| 169 | a bar graph showing the amount of |
| 170 | system (shown as `='), user (shown as `>'), |
| 171 | nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` '). |
| 172 | .IP |
| 173 | At the bottom left are statistics on name translations. |
| 174 | It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval, |
| 175 | the number and percentage of the translations that were |
| 176 | handled by the system wide name translation cache, and |
| 177 | the number and percentage of the translations that were |
| 178 | handled by the per process name translation cache. |
| 179 | .IP |
| 180 | Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics |
| 181 | on paging and swapping activity. |
| 182 | The first two columns report the average number of pages |
| 183 | brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval |
| 184 | due to page faults and the paging daemon. |
| 185 | The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages |
| 186 | brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval |
| 187 | due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler. |
| 188 | The first row of the display shows the average |
| 189 | number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval; |
| 190 | the second row of the display shows the average |
| 191 | number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval. |
| 192 | .IP |
| 193 | Below the paging statistics is a line listing the average number of |
| 194 | total reclaims ('Rec'), |
| 195 | intransit blocking page faults (`It'), |
| 196 | swap text pages found in free list (`F/S'), |
| 197 | file system text pages found in free list (`F/F'), |
| 198 | reclaims from free list (`RFL'), |
| 199 | pages freed by the clock daemon (`Fre'), |
| 200 | and sequential process pages freed (`SFr') |
| 201 | per second over the refresh interval. |
| 202 | .IP |
| 203 | Below this line are statistics on the average number of |
| 204 | zero filled pages (`zf') and demand filled text pages (`xf') |
| 205 | per second over the refresh period. |
| 206 | The first row indicates the number of requests that were |
| 207 | resolved, the second row shows the number that were set up, |
| 208 | and the last row shows the percentage of setup requests were |
| 209 | actually used. |
| 210 | Note that this percentage is usually less than 100%, |
| 211 | however it may exceed 100% if a large number of requests |
| 212 | are actually used long after they were set up during a |
| 213 | period when no new pages are being set up. |
| 214 | Thus this figure is most interesting when observed over |
| 215 | a long time period, such as from boot time |
| 216 | (see below on getting such a display). |
| 217 | .IP |
| 218 | Below the page fill statistics is a column that |
| 219 | lists the average number of context switches (`Csw'), |
| 220 | traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'), |
| 221 | characters output to DZ ports using pseudo-DMA (`Pdm'), |
| 222 | network software interrupts (`Sof'), |
| 223 | page faults (`Flt'), pages scanned by the page daemon (`Scn'), |
| 224 | and revolutions of the page daemon's hand (`Rev') |
| 225 | per second over the refresh interval. |
| 226 | .IP |
| 227 | Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown |
| 228 | of the interrupts being handled by the system. |
| 229 | At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second |
| 230 | over the time interval. |
| 231 | The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device |
| 232 | by device basis. |
| 233 | Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown. |
| 234 | .IP netstat |
| 235 | .br |
| 236 | Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default, |
| 237 | network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each address |
| 238 | is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically, |
| 239 | when possible. It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically, |
| 240 | limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols; see the |
| 241 | list of commands below. |
| 242 | .PP |
| 243 | Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the |
| 244 | minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''. |
| 245 | Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is |
| 246 | insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10 |
| 247 | drives the |
| 248 | .I iostat |
| 249 | bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When |
| 250 | a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is |
| 251 | truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar. |
| 252 | .PP |
| 253 | The following commands are specific to the |
| 254 | .I iostat |
| 255 | display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied. |
| 256 | .IP numbers |
| 257 | Show the disk i/o statistics in numeric form. Values are |
| 258 | displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward. |
| 259 | .IP bars |
| 260 | Show the disk i/o statistics in bar graph form (default). |
| 261 | .IP msps |
| 262 | Toggle the display of average seek time (the default is to |
| 263 | not display seek times). |
| 264 | .PP |
| 265 | The following commands are specific to the |
| 266 | .I vmstat |
| 267 | display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied. |
| 268 | .IP boot |
| 269 | Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted. |
| 270 | .IP run |
| 271 | Display statistics as a running total from the point this |
| 272 | command is given. |
| 273 | .IP time |
| 274 | Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default). |
| 275 | .IP zero |
| 276 | Reset running statistics to zero. |
| 277 | .PP |
| 278 | The following commands are common to each display which shows |
| 279 | information about disk drives. These commands are used to |
| 280 | select a set of drives to report on, should your system have |
| 281 | more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the |
| 282 | screen. |
| 283 | .IP "ignore [ drives ]" |
| 284 | Do not display information about the drives indicated. Multiple |
| 285 | drives may be specified, separated by spaces. |
| 286 | .IP "display [ drives ]" |
| 287 | Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple drives |
| 288 | may be specified, separated by spaces. |
| 289 | .PP |
| 290 | The following command is specific to the |
| 291 | .I netstat |
| 292 | display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied. |
| 293 | .IP all |
| 294 | Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this |
| 295 | is the equivalent of the |
| 296 | .B \-a |
| 297 | flag to |
| 298 | .IR netstat (1)). |
| 299 | .IP numbers |
| 300 | Display network addresses numerically. |
| 301 | .IP names |
| 302 | Display network addresses symbolically. |
| 303 | .PP |
| 304 | The remaining commands are common to displays which report |
| 305 | network connections (currently only the |
| 306 | .I netstat |
| 307 | display). These commands may be used to select a specific set |
| 308 | of connections for |
| 309 | .I systat |
| 310 | to report on. |
| 311 | .IP "\fIprotocol\fP" |
| 312 | Display only network connections using the indicated protocol |
| 313 | (currently either ``tcp'' or ``udp''). |
| 314 | .IP "ignore [items]" |
| 315 | Do not display information about connections associated with |
| 316 | the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may be specified |
| 317 | by name (``ucbmonet'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host addresses |
| 318 | use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items |
| 319 | may be specified with a single command by separating them with |
| 320 | spaces. |
| 321 | .IP "display [items]" |
| 322 | Display information about the connections associated with the |
| 323 | specified hosts or ports. As for |
| 324 | .IR ignore , |
| 325 | .I items |
| 326 | may be names or numbers. |
| 327 | .IP "show [ports|hosts]" |
| 328 | Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols, |
| 329 | hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are being ignored |
| 330 | are prefixed with a `!'. If |
| 331 | .I ports |
| 332 | or |
| 333 | .I hosts |
| 334 | is supplied as an argument to |
| 335 | .IR show , |
| 336 | then only the requested information will be displayed. |
| 337 | .IP "reset" |
| 338 | Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default |
| 339 | (any protocol, port, or host). |
| 340 | .SH FILES |
| 341 | .nf |
| 342 | .ta \w'/dev/services 'u |
| 343 | /vmunix for the namelist |
| 344 | /dev/kmem for information in main memory |
| 345 | /dev/drum for information about swapped out processes |
| 346 | /etc/hosts for host names |
| 347 | /etc/networks for network names |
| 348 | /etc/services for port names |
| 349 | .SH AUTHOR |
| 350 | The unknown hacker. The |
| 351 | .I pigs |
| 352 | display is derived from a program of the same name |
| 353 | written by Bill Reeves. |
| 354 | .SH BUGS |
| 355 | Takes 2-10 percent of the cpu. Certain displays presume |
| 356 | a 24 line by 80 character terminal. The swap space display |
| 357 | should account for space allocated to the user structure and |
| 358 | page tables. The |
| 359 | .I vmstat |
| 360 | display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as |
| 361 | a separate display rather than create a new program). |
| 362 | .PP |
| 363 | The whole |
| 364 | thing is pretty hokey and was included in the distribution under |
| 365 | serious duress. |