+a minus sign `\-' which specifies
+.I "left adjustment"
+of the converted value in the indicated field;
+.TP
+.B \(bu
+a `+' character specifying that there should always be
+a sign placed before the number when using signed conversions.
+.TP
+.B \(bu
+a space specifying that a blank should be left before a positive number
+during a signed conversion. A `+' overrides a space if both are used.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \(bu
+an optional digit string specifying a
+.I "field width;"
+if the converted value has fewer characters than the field width
+it will be blank-padded on the left (or right,
+if the left-adjustment indicator has been given) to make up the field width;
+if the field width begins with a zero,
+zero-padding will be done instead of blank-padding;
+.TP
+.B \(bu
+an optional period
+.RB ` . '
+which serves to separate the field width from the next digit string;
+.TP
+.B \(bu
+an optional digit string specifying a
+.I precision
+which specifies the number of digits to appear after the
+decimal point, for e- and f-conversion, or the maximum number of characters
+to be printed from a string;
+.TP
+.B \(bu