date and time created 83/02/18 00:41:42 by mckusick
[unix-history] / usr / src / sbin / newfs / mkfs.c
index a948927..782411d 100644 (file)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-static char *sccsid = "@(#)mkfs.c      1.19 (Berkeley) %G%";
+static char *sccsid = "@(#)mkfs.c      2.8 (Berkeley) %G%";
 
 /*
  * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
 
 /*
  * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
@@ -6,15 +6,92 @@ static        char *sccsid = "@(#)mkfs.c      1.19 (Berkeley) %G%";
  * usage: mkfs special size [ nsect ntrak bsize fsize cpg ]
  */
 
  * usage: mkfs special size [ nsect ntrak bsize fsize cpg ]
  */
 
+/*
+ * The following constants set the defaults used for the number
+ * of sectors (fs_nsect), and number of tracks (fs_ntrak).
+ */
+#define DFLNSECT       32
+#define DFLNTRAK       16
+
+/*
+ * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
+ * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
+ *     MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
+ *     DEV_BSIZE <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
+ *     DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
+ */
+#define DESBLKSIZE     8192
+#define DESFRAGSIZE    1024
+
+/*
+ * Cylinder groups may have up to MAXCPG cylinders. The actual
+ * number used depends upon how much information can be stored
+ * on a single cylinder. The default is to used 16 cylinders
+ * per group.
+ */
+#define        DESCPG          16      /* desired fs_cpg */
+
+/*
+ * MINFREE gives the minimum acceptable percentage of file system
+ * blocks which may be free. If the freelist drops below this level
+ * only the superuser may continue to allocate blocks. This may
+ * be set to 0 if no reserve of free blocks is deemed necessary,
+ * however throughput drops by fifty percent if the file system
+ * is run at between 90% and 100% full; thus the default value of
+ * fs_minfree is 10%.
+ */
+#define MINFREE                10
+
+/*
+ * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate
+ * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in
+ * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks
+ * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 2ms.
+ */
+#define ROTDELAY       2
+
+/*
+ * MAXCONTIG sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
+ * that may be allocated sequentially. Since UNIX drivers are
+ * not capable of scheduling multi-block transfers, this defaults
+ * to 1 (ie no contiguous blocks are allocated).
+ */
+#define MAXCONTIG      1
+
+/*
+ * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
+ * placed in a single cylinder group. This is currently a function
+ * of the block and fragment size of the file system.
+ */
+#define MAXBLKPG(fs)   ((fs)->fs_fsize / sizeof(daddr_t))
+
+/*
+ * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
+ * We allocate one inode slot per NBPI bytes, expecting this
+ * to be far more than we will ever need.
+ */
+#define        NBPI            2048
+
+/*
+ * Disks are assumed to rotate at 60HZ, unless otherwise specified.
+ */
+#define        DEFHZ           60
+
 #ifndef STANDALONE
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <a.out.h>
 #endif
 
 #ifndef STANDALONE
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <a.out.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifndef SIMFS
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/inode.h>
+#include <sys/fs.h>
+#else
 #include "../h/param.h"
 #include "../h/inode.h"
 #include "../h/fs.h"
 #include "../h/param.h"
 #include "../h/inode.h"
 #include "../h/fs.h"
-#include <ndir.h>
+#endif
+#include <dir.h>
 
 #define UMASK          0755
 #define MAXINOPB       (MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode))
 
 #define UMASK          0755
 #define MAXINOPB       (MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode))
@@ -45,13 +122,13 @@ main(argc, argv)
        int argc;
        char *argv[];
 {
        int argc;
        char *argv[];
 {
-       long cylno, rpos, blk, i, inos, fssize;
+       long cylno, rpos, blk, i, j, inos, fssize, warn = 0;
 
 #ifndef STANDALONE
        argc--, argv++;
        time(&utime);
        if (argc < 2) {
 
 #ifndef STANDALONE
        argc--, argv++;
        time(&utime);
        if (argc < 2) {
-               printf("usage: mkfs special size [ nsect ntrak bsize fsize cpg ]\n");
+               printf("usage: mkfs special size [ nsect ntrak bsize fsize cpg minfree rps ]\n");
                exit(1);
        }
        fsys = argv[0];
                exit(1);
        }
        fsys = argv[0];
@@ -107,11 +184,11 @@ main(argc, argv)
        if (argc > 4)
                sblock.fs_bsize = atoi(argv[4]);
        else
        if (argc > 4)
                sblock.fs_bsize = atoi(argv[4]);
        else
-               sblock.fs_bsize = MAXBSIZE;
+               sblock.fs_bsize = DESBLKSIZE;
        if (argc > 5)
                sblock.fs_fsize = atoi(argv[5]);
        else
        if (argc > 5)
                sblock.fs_fsize = atoi(argv[5]);
        else
-               sblock.fs_fsize = MAX(sblock.fs_bsize / DESFRAG, DEV_BSIZE);
+               sblock.fs_fsize = DESFRAGSIZE;
        if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
                printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
                    sblock.fs_bsize);
        if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
                printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
                    sblock.fs_bsize);
@@ -144,17 +221,31 @@ main(argc, argv)
        for (sblock.fs_fshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_fsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
                sblock.fs_fshift++;
        sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
        for (sblock.fs_fshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_fsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
                sblock.fs_fshift++;
        sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
+       for (sblock.fs_fragshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_frag; i > 1; i >>= 1)
+               sblock.fs_fragshift++;
        if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
                printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
                    sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
                    sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
                exit(1);
        }
        if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
                printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
                    sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
                    sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
                exit(1);
        }
-       sblock.fs_bblkno = BBLOCK;
-       sblock.fs_sblkno = SBLOCK;
-       sblock.fs_cblkno = (daddr_t)
+       sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(daddr_t);
+       sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct dinode);
+       sblock.fs_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / DEV_BSIZE;
+       for (sblock.fs_fsbtodb = 0, i = sblock.fs_nspf; i > 1; i >>= 1)
+               sblock.fs_fsbtodb++;
+       sblock.fs_sblkno =
            roundup(howmany(BBSIZE + SBSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag);
            roundup(howmany(BBSIZE + SBSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag);
+       sblock.fs_cblkno = (daddr_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
+           roundup(howmany(SBSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
        sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
        sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
+       sblock.fs_cgoffset = roundup(
+           howmany(sblock.fs_nsect, sblock.fs_fsize / DEV_BSIZE),
+           sblock.fs_frag);
+       for (sblock.fs_cgmask = 0xffffffff, i = sblock.fs_ntrak; i > 1; i >>= 1)
+               sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
+       if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_ntrak))
+               sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
        for (sblock.fs_cpc = NSPB(&sblock), i = sblock.fs_spc;
             sblock.fs_cpc > 1 && (i & 1) == 0;
             sblock.fs_cpc >>= 1, i >>= 1)
        for (sblock.fs_cpc = NSPB(&sblock), i = sblock.fs_spc;
             sblock.fs_cpc > 1 && (i & 1) == 0;
             sblock.fs_cpc >>= 1, i >>= 1)
@@ -201,10 +292,8 @@ main(argc, argv)
        sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
        sblock.fs_ncyl = fssize * NSPF(&sblock) / sblock.fs_spc;
        if (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) > sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc) {
        sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
        sblock.fs_ncyl = fssize * NSPF(&sblock) / sblock.fs_spc;
        if (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) > sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc) {
-               printf("Warning: %d sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated\n",
-                   sblock.fs_spc -
-                   (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) - sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc));
                sblock.fs_ncyl++;
                sblock.fs_ncyl++;
+               warn = 1;
        }
        if (sblock.fs_ncyl < 1) {
                printf("file systems must have at least one cylinder\n");
        }
        if (sblock.fs_ncyl < 1) {
                printf("file systems must have at least one cylinder\n");
@@ -302,24 +391,65 @@ next:
        if (sblock.fs_ipg > MAXIPG)
                sblock.fs_ipg = MAXIPG;
        sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
        if (sblock.fs_ipg > MAXIPG)
                sblock.fs_ipg = MAXIPG;
        sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
-       if (cgdmin(&sblock, 0) >= sblock.fs_fpg) {
+       i = MIN(~sblock.fs_cgmask, sblock.fs_ncg - 1);
+       if (cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) >= sblock.fs_fpg) {
                printf("inode blocks/cyl group (%d) >= data blocks (%d)\n",
                printf("inode blocks/cyl group (%d) >= data blocks (%d)\n",
-                   cgdmin(&sblock, 0) / sblock.fs_frag,
+                   cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) / sblock.fs_frag,
                    sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag);
                    sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag);
-               printf("number of cylinder per cylinder group must be increased\n");
+               printf("number of cylinders per cylinder group must be increased\n");
                exit(1);
        }
                exit(1);
        }
+       j = sblock.fs_ncg - 1;
+       if ((i = fssize - j * sblock.fs_fpg) < sblock.fs_fpg &&
+           cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j) > i) {
+               printf("Warning: inode blocks/cyl group (%d) >= data blocks (%d) in last\n",
+                   (cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j)) / sblock.fs_frag,
+                   i / sblock.fs_frag);
+               printf("    cylinder group. This implies %d sector(s) cannot be allocated.\n",
+                   i * NSPF(&sblock));
+               sblock.fs_ncg--;
+               sblock.fs_ncyl -= sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
+               sblock.fs_size = fssize = sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc /
+                   NSPF(&sblock);
+               warn = 0;
+       }
+       if (warn) {
+               printf("Warning: %d sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated\n",
+                   sblock.fs_spc -
+                   (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) - (sblock.fs_ncyl - 1)
+                   * sblock.fs_spc));
+       }
        /*
         * fill in remaining fields of the super block
         */
        sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
        /*
         * fill in remaining fields of the super block
         */
        sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
-       sblock.fs_cssize = sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum);
-       fscs = (struct csum *)
-           calloc(1, blkroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_cssize));
+       sblock.fs_cssize =
+           fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
+       i = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct csum);
+       sblock.fs_csmask = ~(i - 1);
+       for (sblock.fs_csshift = 0; i > 1; i >>= 1)
+               sblock.fs_csshift++;
+       i = sizeof(struct fs) +
+               howmany(sblock.fs_spc * sblock.fs_cpc, NSPB(&sblock));
+       sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, i);
+       fscs = (struct csum *)calloc(1, sblock.fs_cssize);
        sblock.fs_magic = FS_MAGIC;
        sblock.fs_rotdelay = ROTDELAY;
        sblock.fs_magic = FS_MAGIC;
        sblock.fs_rotdelay = ROTDELAY;
-       sblock.fs_minfree = MINFREE;
-       sblock.fs_rps = HZ;     /* assume disk speed == HZ */
+       if (argc > 7) {
+               sblock.fs_minfree = atoi(argv[7]);
+               if (sblock.fs_minfree < 0 || sblock.fs_minfree > 99) {
+                       printf("%s: bogus minfree reset to %d%%\n", argv[7],
+                               MINFREE);
+                       sblock.fs_minfree = MINFREE;
+               }
+       } else
+               sblock.fs_minfree = MINFREE;
+       sblock.fs_maxcontig = MAXCONTIG;
+       sblock.fs_maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(&sblock);
+       if (argc > 8)
+               sblock.fs_rps = atoi(argv[8]);
+       else
+               sblock.fs_rps = DEFHZ;
        sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
        sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
        sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
        sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
        sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
        sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
@@ -341,14 +471,16 @@ next:
         * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
         * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
         */
         * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
         * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
         */
-       for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++)
+       printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b#) at:");
+       for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
                initcg(cylno);
                initcg(cylno);
-       if (sblock.fs_ncg == 1)
-               printf("Warning: no super-block backups with only one cylinder group\n");
-       else
-               printf("\tsuper-block backups (for fsck -b#) at %d+k*%d (%d .. %d)\n",
-                   SBLOCK, cgsblock(&sblock, 1) - SBLOCK, cgsblock(&sblock, 1),
-                   cgsblock(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg - 1));
+               if (cylno % 10 == 0)
+                       printf("\n");
+               printf(" %d,", fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)));
+       }
+       printf("\n%s\n%s\n",
+           "WRITE THESE NUMBERS DOWN!!!",
+           "fsck depends on them to recover this file system.");
        /*
         * Now construct the initial file system,
         * then write out the super-block.
        /*
         * Now construct the initial file system,
         * then write out the super-block.
@@ -358,12 +490,15 @@ next:
        wtfs(SBLOCK, SBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
        for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
                wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)),
        wtfs(SBLOCK, SBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
        for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
                wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)),
-                       sblock.fs_bsize, ((char *)fscs) + i);
+                       sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
+                           sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize,
+                       ((char *)fscs) + i);
        /* 
         * Write out the duplicate super blocks
         */
        /* 
         * Write out the duplicate super blocks
         */
-       for (cylno = 1; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++)
-               wtfs(cgsblock(&sblock, cylno), SBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
+       for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++)
+               wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)),
+                   SBSIZE, (char *)&sblock);
 #ifndef STANDALONE
        exit(0);
 #endif
 #ifndef STANDALONE
        exit(0);
 #endif
@@ -375,7 +510,7 @@ next:
 initcg(cylno)
        int cylno;
 {
 initcg(cylno)
        int cylno;
 {
-       daddr_t cbase, d, dmin, dmax;
+       daddr_t cbase, d, dlower, dupper, dmax;
        long i, j, s;
        register struct csum *cs;
 
        long i, j, s;
        register struct csum *cs;
 
@@ -388,21 +523,24 @@ initcg(cylno)
        dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
        if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
                dmax = sblock.fs_size;
        dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
        if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
                dmax = sblock.fs_size;
-       dmin = sblock.fs_dblkno;
-       d = cbase;
+       dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
+       dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
        cs = fscs + cylno;
        acg.cg_time = utime;
        acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
        acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
        cs = fscs + cylno;
        acg.cg_time = utime;
        acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
        acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
-       acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg;
+       if (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1)
+               acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
+       else
+               acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg;
        acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
        acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
        acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir = 0;
        acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree = 0;
        acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree = 0;
        acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree = 0;
        acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
        acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
        acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir = 0;
        acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree = 0;
        acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree = 0;
        acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree = 0;
-       acg.cg_rotor = dmin;
-       acg.cg_frotor = dmin;
+       acg.cg_rotor = 0;
+       acg.cg_frotor = 0;
        acg.cg_irotor = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++) {
                acg.cg_frsum[i] = 0;
        acg.cg_irotor = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++) {
                acg.cg_frsum[i] = 0;
@@ -433,27 +571,49 @@ initcg(cylno)
                        acg.cg_b[i][j] = 0;
        }
        if (cylno == 0) {
                        acg.cg_b[i][j] = 0;
        }
        if (cylno == 0) {
-               dmin += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_bsize) *
-                       sblock.fs_frag;
+               /*
+                * reserve space for summary info and Boot block
+                */
+               dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
+               for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag)
+                       clrblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d/sblock.fs_frag);
+       } else {
+               for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag) {
+                       setblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d/sblock.fs_frag);
+                       acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
+                       acg.cg_btot[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
+                       acg.cg_b[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)][cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
+               }
+               sblock.fs_dsize += dlower;
        }
        }
-       for (d = 0; d < dmin; d += sblock.fs_frag)
+       sblock.fs_dsize += acg.cg_ndblk - dupper;
+       for (; d < dupper; d += sblock.fs_frag)
                clrblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d/sblock.fs_frag);
                clrblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d/sblock.fs_frag);
-       while ((d+sblock.fs_frag) <= dmax - cbase) {
+       if (d > dupper) {
+               acg.cg_frsum[d - dupper]++;
+               for (i = d - 1; i >= dupper; i--) {
+                       setbit(acg.cg_free, i);
+                       acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
+               }
+       }
+       while ((d + sblock.fs_frag) <= dmax - cbase) {
                setblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d/sblock.fs_frag);
                acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
                acg.cg_btot[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
                acg.cg_b[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)][cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
                d += sblock.fs_frag;
        }
                setblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d/sblock.fs_frag);
                acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
                acg.cg_btot[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
                acg.cg_b[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)][cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
                d += sblock.fs_frag;
        }
-       if (d < dmax - cbase)
+       if (d < dmax - cbase) {
                acg.cg_frsum[dmax - cbase - d]++;
                for (; d < dmax - cbase; d++) {
                        setbit(acg.cg_free, d);
                        acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
                }
                acg.cg_frsum[dmax - cbase - d]++;
                for (; d < dmax - cbase; d++) {
                        setbit(acg.cg_free, d);
                        acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
                }
-       for (; d < MAXBPG(&sblock); d++)
-               clrbit(acg.cg_free, d);
-       sblock.fs_dsize += acg.cg_ndblk - dmin;
+               for (; d % sblock.fs_frag != 0; d++)
+                       clrbit(acg.cg_free, d);
+       }
+       for (d /= sblock.fs_frag; d < MAXBPG(&sblock); d ++)
+               clrblock(&sblock, acg.cg_free, d);
        sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir += acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir;
        sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree;
        sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree;
        sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir += acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir;
        sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree;
        sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree;
@@ -552,6 +712,10 @@ alloc(size, mode)
 
        rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
            (char *)&acg);
 
        rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
            (char *)&acg);
+       if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
+               printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
+               return (0);
+       }
        if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
                printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
                return (0);
        if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
                printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
                return (0);
@@ -580,7 +744,7 @@ goth:
                acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
                acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
                for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
                acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
                acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
                for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
-                       setbit(acg.cg_free, d+i);
+                       setbit(acg.cg_free, d + i);
        }
        wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
            (char *)&acg);
        }
        wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
            (char *)&acg);
@@ -600,6 +764,10 @@ iput(ip)
        c = itog(&sblock, ip->i_number);
        rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
            (char *)&acg);
        c = itog(&sblock, ip->i_number);
        rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
            (char *)&acg);
+       if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
+               printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
+               exit(1);
+       }
        acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
        setbit(acg.cg_iused, ip->i_number);
        wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
        acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
        setbit(acg.cg_iused, ip->i_number);
        wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
@@ -664,16 +832,6 @@ wtfs(bno, size, bf)
        }
 }
 
        }
 }
 
-/*
- * copy a block
- */
-bcopy(from, to, size)
-       char *from, *to;
-       int size;
-{
-       asm("   movc3   12(ap),*4(ap),*8(ap)");
-}
-
 /*
  * check if a block is available
  */
 /*
  * check if a block is available
  */
@@ -697,7 +855,11 @@ isblock(fs, cp, h)
                mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
                return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
        default:
                mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
                return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
        default:
+#ifdef STANDALONE
+               printf("isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
+#else
                fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
                fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
+#endif
                return;
        }
 }
                return;
        }
 }
@@ -724,7 +886,11 @@ clrblock(fs, cp, h)
                cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
                return;
        default:
                cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
                return;
        default:
+#ifdef STANDALONE
+               printf("clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
+#else
                fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
                fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
+#endif
                return;
        }
 }
                return;
        }
 }
@@ -751,7 +917,11 @@ setblock(fs, cp, h)
                cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
                return;
        default:
                cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
                return;
        default:
+#ifdef STANDALONE
+               printf("setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
+#else
                fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
                fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
+#endif
                return;
        }
 }
                return;
        }
 }