BSD 4_3_Net_2 release

[unix-history] / usr / src / usr.bin / find / find.1

diff --git a/usr/src/usr.bin/find/find.1 b/usr/src/usr.bin/find/find.1
index 6ed2cb3..f28f7e7 100644 (file)
--- a/usr/src/usr.bin/find/find.1
+++ b/usr/src/usr.bin/find/find.1
@@ -1,13 +1,40 @@
 .\" Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
 .\" All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
 .\" All rights reserved.
 .\"

-.\" %sccs.include.redist.man%
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

 .\"
 .\"

-.\"     @(#)find.1     6.19 (Berkeley) %G%
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"    This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"    California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.

 .\"
 .\"

-.Vx
-.Vx
-.Dd 
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"    @(#)find.1      6.29 (Berkeley) 7/29/91
+.\"
+.Dd July 29, 1991

 .Dt FIND 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Dt FIND 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME


@@ -15,26 +42,28 @@
 .Nd walk a file hierarchy
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm find
 .Nd walk a file hierarchy
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm find

-.Op Fl drsx
-.Op Ar path
-.Ar expression
-.Nm find
-.Op Fl drsx
-.Op Fl f Ar path
+.Op Fl dsXx
+.Op Fl f Ar file
+.Op Ar file ...

 .Ar expression
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 .Nm Find
 recursively descends the directory tree for each
 .Ar expression
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 .Nm Find
 recursively descends the directory tree for each

-.Ar path
+.Ar file

 listed, evaluating an
 .Ar expression
 (composed of the ``primaries'' and ``operands'' listed below) in terms
 of each file in the tree.
 .Pp
 listed, evaluating an
 .Ar expression
 (composed of the ``primaries'' and ``operands'' listed below) in terms
 of each file in the tree.
 .Pp

+If
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link referencing an existing file, the directory tree
+referenced by the link is descended instead of the link itself.
+.Pp

 The options are as follows:
 .Pp
 The options are as follows:
 .Pp

-.Tw Ds
-.Tp Fl d
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl d

 The
 .Fl d
 option causes
 The
 .Fl d
 option causes


@@ -48,36 +77,15 @@ visits directories in pre\-order, i.e. before their contents.
 Note, the default is
 .Ar not
 a breadth\-first traversal.
 Note, the default is
 .Ar not
 a breadth\-first traversal.

-.Tp Fl f
+.It Fl f

 The
 .Fl f
 option specifies a file hierarchy for
 .Nm find
 to traverse.
 The
 .Fl f
 option specifies a file hierarchy for
 .Nm find
 to traverse.

-If no
-.Fl f
-option is specified, the first operand after the options is
-expected to be the file hierarchy to be traversed.
-.Tp Fl r
-The
-.Fl r
-option permits
-.Nm find
-to execute the utility specified for the
-.Ic exec
-and
-.Ic ok
-primaries from other than the directory where
-.Nm find
-was executed.
-.Nm Find
-may then change directories during the file hierarchy walk, meaning
-that
-.Nm find
-can traverse hierarchies with path names longer than those directly
-resolvable by the kernel.
-This usually results in a performance improvement as well.
-.Tp Fl s
+File hierarchies may also be specified as the operands immediately
+following the options.
+.It Fl s

 The
 .Fl s
 option causes the file information and file type (see
 The
 .Fl s
 option causes the file information and file type (see


@@ -86,41 +94,43 @@ returned for each symbolic link to be those of the file referenced by the
 link, not the link itself.
 If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
 be for the link itself.
 link, not the link itself.
 If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
 be for the link itself.

-.Tp Fl x
+.It Fl X
+The
+.Fl X
+option is a modification to permit
+.Nm
+to be safely used in conjunction with
+.Xr xargs 1 .
+If a file name contains any of the delimiting characters used by
+.Xr xargs ,
+a diagnostic message is displayed on standard error, and the file
+is skipped.
+The delimiting characters include single (`` ' '') and double (`` " '')
+quotes, backslash (``\e''), space, tab and newline characters.
+.It Fl x

 The
 .Fl x
 option prevents
 .Nm find
 from descending into directories that have a device number different
 than that of the file from which the descent began.
 The
 .Fl x
 option prevents
 .Nm find
 from descending into directories that have a device number different
 than that of the file from which the descent began.

-.Tp
+.El

 .Sh PRIMARIES
 .Sh PRIMARIES

-.Tw Ds
-.Tp Cx Ic atime
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar n
-.Cx
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic -atime Ar n 

 True if the difference between the file last access time and the time
 .Nm find
 was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
 .Ar n
 24\-hour periods.
 True if the difference between the file last access time and the time
 .Nm find
 was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
 .Ar n
 24\-hour periods.

-.Tp Cx Ic ctime
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar n
-.Cx
+.It Ic -ctime Ar n 

 True if the difference between the time of last change of file status
 information and the time
 .Nm find
 was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
 .Ar n
 24\-hour periods.
 True if the difference between the time of last change of file status
 information and the time
 .Nm find
 was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
 .Ar n
 24\-hour periods.

-.Tp Cx Ic exec
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar utility
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Op argument ... ;
-.Cx
+.It Ic -exec Ar utility Op argument ... ; 

 True if the program named
 .Ar utility
 returns a zero value as its exit status.
 True if the program named
 .Ar utility
 returns a zero value as its exit status.


@@ -128,25 +138,22 @@ Optional arguments may be passed to the utility.
 The expression must be terminated by a semicolon (``;'').
 If the string ``{}'' appears anywhere in the utility name or the
 arguments it is replaced by the pathname of the current file.
 The expression must be terminated by a semicolon (``;'').
 If the string ``{}'' appears anywhere in the utility name or the
 arguments it is replaced by the pathname of the current file.

-Utility will be executed in the directory from which
+.Ar Utility
+will be executed from the directory from which

 .Nm find
 was executed.
 .Nm find
 was executed.

-.Tp Cx Ic fstype
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar type
-.Cx
+.It Ic -fstype Ar type 

 True if the file is contained in a file system of type
 .Ar type .
 True if the file is contained in a file system of type
 .Ar type .

-Currently supported types are ``local'', ``mfs'', ``nfs'', ``pc'' and
-``ufs''.
-The type ``local'' is not a specific file system type, but matches
-any file system physically mounted on the system where the
+Currently supported types are ``local'', ``mfs'', ``nfs'', ``pc'',
+``rdonly'' and ``ufs''.
+The types ``local'' and ``rdonly'' are not specific file system types.
+The former matches any file system physically mounted on the system where
+the

 .Nm find
 .Nm find

-is being executed.
-.Tp Cx Ic group
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar gname
-.Cx
+is being executed and the latter matches any file system which is
+mounted read-only.
+.It Ic -group Ar gname 

 True if the file belongs to the group
 .Ar gname  .
 If
 True if the file belongs to the group
 .Ar gname  .
 If


@@ -154,20 +161,14 @@ If
 is numeric and there is no such group name, then
 .Ar gname
 is treated as a group id.
 is numeric and there is no such group name, then
 .Ar gname
 is treated as a group id.

-.Tp Cx Ic inum
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar n
-.Cx
+.It Ic -inum Ar n 

 True if the file has inode number
 .Ar n  .
 True if the file has inode number
 .Ar n  .

-.Tp Cx Ic links
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar n
-.Cx
+.It Ic -links Ar n 

 True if the file has
 .Ar n
 links.
 True if the file has
 .Ar n
 links.

-.Tp Ic ls
+.It Ic -ls

 This primary always evaluates to true.
 The following information for the current file is written to standard output:
 its inode number, size in 512\-byte blocks, file permissions, number of hard
 This primary always evaluates to true.
 The following information for the current file is written to standard output:
 its inode number, size in 512\-byte blocks, file permissions, number of hard


@@ -177,25 +178,17 @@ will be displayed instead of the size in bytes.
 If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked\-to file will be
 displayed preceded by ``\->''.
 The format is identical to that produced by ``ls \-dgils''.
 If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked\-to file will be
 displayed preceded by ``\->''.
 The format is identical to that produced by ``ls \-dgils''.

-.Tp Cx Ic mtime
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar n
-.Cx
+.It Ic -mtime Ar n 

 True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
 .Nm find
 was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
 .Ar n
 24\-hour periods.
 True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
 .Nm find
 was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
 .Ar n
 24\-hour periods.

-.Tp Cx Ic \&ok
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar utility
-.Ws
-.Op argument ... ;
-.Cx
+.It Ic \&-ok Ar utility Ns Op argument ... ; 

 The
 The

-.Ic \&ok
+.Ic \&-ok

 primary is identical to the
 primary is identical to the

-.Ic exec
+.Ic -exec

 primary with the exception that
 .Nm find
 requests user affirmation for the execution of the utility by printing
 primary with the exception that
 .Nm find
 requests user affirmation for the execution of the utility by printing


@@ -204,10 +197,7 @@ If the response is other than ``y'' the command is not executed and the
 value of the
 .Ar \&ok
 expression is false.
 value of the
 .Ar \&ok
 expression is false.

-.Tp Cx Ic name
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar pattern
-.Cx
+.It Ic -name Ar pattern 

 True if the last component of the pathname being examined matches
 .Ar pattern  .
 Special shell pattern matching characters (``['', ``]'', ``*'', and ``?'')
 True if the last component of the pathname being examined matches
 .Ar pattern  .
 Special shell pattern matching characters (``['', ``]'', ``*'', and ``?'')


@@ -215,21 +205,24 @@ may be used as part of
 .Ar pattern  .
 These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
 backslash (``\e'').
 .Ar pattern  .
 These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
 backslash (``\e'').

-.Tp Cx Ic newer
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar file
-.Cx
+.It Ic -newer Ar file 

 True if the current file has a more recent last modification time than
 .Ar file  .
 True if the current file has a more recent last modification time than
 .Ar file  .

-.Tp Ic nouser
+.It Ic -nouser

 True if the file belongs to an unknown user.
 True if the file belongs to an unknown user.

-.Tp Ic nogroup
+.It Ic -nogroup

 True if the file belongs to an unknown group.
 True if the file belongs to an unknown group.

-.Tp Cx Ic perm
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Op Fl
-.Ar mode
-.Cx
+.It Ic -path Ar pattern 
+True if the pathname being examined matches
+.Ar pattern  .
+Special shell pattern matching characters (``['', ``]'', ``*'', and ``?'')
+may be used as part of
+.Ar pattern  .
+These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
+backslash (``\e'').
+Slashes (``/'') are treated as normal characters and do not have to be
+matched explicitly.
+.It Ic -perm Op Fl Ns Ar mode 

 The
 .Ar mode
 may be either symbolic (see
 The
 .Ar mode
 may be either symbolic (see


@@ -238,37 +231,45 @@ or an octal number.
 If the mode is symbolic, a starting value of zero is assumed and the
 mode sets or clears permissions without regard to the process' file mode
 creation mask.
 If the mode is symbolic, a starting value of zero is assumed and the
 mode sets or clears permissions without regard to the process' file mode
 creation mask.

-If the mode is octal, only bits 07777 of the file's mode bits participate
+If the mode is octal, only bits 07777
+.Pf ( Dv S_ISUID
+|
+.Dv S_ISGID
+|
+.Dv S_ISTXT
+|
+.Dv S_IRWXU
+|
+.Dv S_IRWXG
+|
+.Dv S_IRWXO )
+of the file's mode bits participate

 in the comparison.
 If the mode is preceded by a dash (``\-''), this primary evaluates to true
 if at least all of the bits in the mode are set in the file's mode bits.
 If the mode is not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to true if
 the bits in the mode exactly match the file's mode bits.
 Note, the first character of a symbolic mode may not be a dash (``\-'').
 in the comparison.
 If the mode is preceded by a dash (``\-''), this primary evaluates to true
 if at least all of the bits in the mode are set in the file's mode bits.
 If the mode is not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to true if
 the bits in the mode exactly match the file's mode bits.
 Note, the first character of a symbolic mode may not be a dash (``\-'').

-.Tp Ic print
+.It Ic -print

 This primary always evaluates to true.
 It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output.
 The expression is appended to the user specified expression if neither
 This primary always evaluates to true.
 It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output.
 The expression is appended to the user specified expression if neither

-.Ic exec  ,
-.Ic ls ,
+.Ic -exec ,
+.Ic -ls

 or
 or

-.Ic \&ok
+.Ic \&-ok

 is specified.
 is specified.

-.Tp Ic prune
+.It Ic -prune

 This primary always evaluates to true.
 It causes
 .Nm find
 to not descend into the current file.
 Note, the
 This primary always evaluates to true.
 It causes
 .Nm find
 to not descend into the current file.
 Note, the

-.Ic prune
+.Ic -prune

 primary has no effect if the
 primary has no effect if the

-.Op \-d
+.Fl d

 option was specified.
 option was specified.

-.Tp Cx Ic size
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar n
-.Op Cm c
-.Cx
+.It Ic -size Ar n Ns Op Cm c 

 True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512\-byte blocks is
 .Ar n  .
 If
 True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512\-byte blocks is
 .Ar n  .
 If


@@ -277,36 +278,28 @@ is followed by a ``c'', then the primary is true if the
 file's size is
 .Ar n
 bytes.
 file's size is
 .Ar n
 bytes.

-.Tp Cx Ic type
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar t
-.Cx
+.It Ic -type Ar t 

 True if the file is of the specified type.
 Possible file types are as follows:
 .Pp
 True if the file is of the specified type.
 Possible file types are as follows:
 .Pp

-.Df I
-.Tw Ds
-.Tp Cm b
+.Bl -tag -width flag -offset indent -compact
+.It Cm b

 block special
 block special

-.Tp Cm c
+.It Cm c

 character special
 character special

-.Tp Cm d
+.It Cm d

 directory
 directory

-.Tp Cm f
+.It Cm f

 regular file
 regular file

-.Tp Cm l
+.It Cm l

 symbolic link
 symbolic link

-.Tp Cm p
+.It Cm p

 FIFO
 FIFO

-.Tp Cm s
+.It Cm s

 socket
 socket

-.Tp
-.De
+.El

 .Pp
 .Pp

-.Tp Cx Ic user
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar uname
-.Cx
+.It Ic -user Ar uname 

 True if the file belongs to the user
 .Ar uname  .
 If
 True if the file belongs to the user
 .Ar uname  .
 If


@@ -314,63 +307,48 @@ If
 is numeric and there is no such user name, then
 .Ar uname
 is treated as a user id.
 is numeric and there is no such user name, then
 .Ar uname
 is treated as a user id.

-.Tp
+.El

 .Pp
 All primaries which take a numeric argument allow the number to be
 preceded by a plus sign (``+'') or a minus sign (``\-'').
 .Pp
 All primaries which take a numeric argument allow the number to be
 preceded by a plus sign (``+'') or a minus sign (``\-'').

-A preceding plus sign means ``more than
-.Ar n  ' ' ,
-a preceding minus sign means ``less than
-.Ar n  ' '
-and neither means ``exactly
-.Ar n  ' ' .
+A preceding plus sign means ``more than n'', a preceding minus sign means
+``less than n'' and neither means ``exactly n'' .

 .Sh OPERATORS
 The primaries may be combined using the following operators.
 The operators are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
 .Sh OPERATORS
 The primaries may be combined using the following operators.
 The operators are listed in order of decreasing precedence.

-.Di L
-.Dp Cx Ic \&(
-.Ar expression
-.Cx \&)
-.Cx
+.Bl -tag -width (expression) 
+.It Cm \&( Ns Ar expression Ns Cm \&) 

 This evaluates to true if the parenthesized expression evaluates to
 true.
 .Pp
 This evaluates to true if the parenthesized expression evaluates to
 true.
 .Pp

-.Dp Cx Ic \&!
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar expression
-.Cx
-This is the unary NOT operator.
+.It Cm \&! Ns Ar expression 
+This is the unary
+.Tn NOT
+operator.

 It evaluates to true if the expression is false.
 .Pp
 It evaluates to true if the expression is false.
 .Pp

-.Dp Cx Ar expression
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ic and
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar expression
-.Cx
-.Dp Cx Ar expression expression
-.Cx
+.It Ar expression Cm -and Ar expression 
+.It Ar expression expression 

 The
 The

-.Ic and
-operator is the logical AND operator.
+.Cm -and
+operator is the logical
+.Tn AND
+operator.

 As it is implied by the juxtaposition of two expressions it does not
 have to be specified.
 The expression evaluates to true if both expressions are true.
 The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is false.
 .Pp
 As it is implied by the juxtaposition of two expressions it does not
 have to be specified.
 The expression evaluates to true if both expressions are true.
 The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is false.
 .Pp

-.Dp Cx Ar expression
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ic or
-.Cx \&\ \&
-.Ar expression
-.Cx
+.It Ar expression Cm -or Ar expression 

 The
 The

-.Ic or
-operator is the logical OR operator.
+.Cm -or
+operator is the logical
+.Tn OR
+operator.

 The expression evaluates to true if either the first or the second expression
 is true.
 The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is true.
 The expression evaluates to true if either the first or the second expression
 is true.
 The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is true.

-.Dp
+.El

 .Pp
 All operands and primaries must be separate arguments to
 .Nm find  .
 .Pp
 All operands and primaries must be separate arguments to
 .Nm find  .


@@ -380,19 +358,19 @@ to be a separate argument to
 .Sh EXAMPLES
 .Pp
 The following examples are shown as given to the shell:
 .Sh EXAMPLES
 .Pp
 The following examples are shown as given to the shell:

-.Tw findx
-.Tp Li find  /  \e!  name  "*.c"  print
+.Bl -tag -width findx
+.It Li "find  /  \e!  -name  \*q*.c\*q  -print"

 Print out a list of all the files whose names do not end in ``.c''.
 Print out a list of all the files whose names do not end in ``.c''.

-.Tp Li find  /  newer  ttt  user  wnj  print
+.It Li "find  /  -newer  ttt  -user  wnj  -print"

 Print out a list of all the files owned by user ``wnj'' that are newer
 than the file ``ttt''.
 Print out a list of all the files owned by user ``wnj'' that are newer
 than the file ``ttt''.

-.Tp Li find  /  \e!  \e(  newer  ttt  user  wnj  \e)  print
+.It Li "find  /  \e!  \e(  -newer  ttt  -user  wnj  \e)  -print"

 Print out a list of all the files which are not both newer than ``ttt''
 and owned by ``wnj''.
 Print out a list of all the files which are not both newer than ``ttt''
 and owned by ``wnj''.

-.Tp Li find  /  \e(  newer  ttt  or  user wnj  \e)  print
+.It Li "find  /  \e(  -newer  ttt  -or  -user wnj  \e)  -print"

 Print out a list of all the files that are either owned by ``wnj'' or
 that are newer than ``ttt''.
 Print out a list of all the files that are either owned by ``wnj'' or
 that are newer than ``ttt''.

-.Tp
+.El

 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr chmod 1 ,
 .Xr sh 1 ,
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr chmod 1 ,
 .Xr sh 1 ,


@@ -405,61 +383,45 @@ that are newer than ``ttt''.
 .Sh STANDARDS
 The
 .Nm find
 .Sh STANDARDS
 The
 .Nm find

-utility syntax is a replacement for the syntax specified by the POSIX
-1003.2 standard.
-The standard syntax is also supported; see the COMPATIBILITY section
-below for details.
+utility syntax is a superset of the syntax specified by the
+.St -p1003.2
+standard.

 .Pp
 The
 .Fl s
 .Pp
 The
 .Fl s

-option as well as the primaries
-.Ic inum

 and
 and

-.Ic ls
-are extensions to the POSIX standard.
-.Sh COMPATIBILITY
-The traditional, and standardized, syntax for
-.Nm find
-is as follows.
-All of the primaries are preceded by a dash (``\-''), i.e. the
-primary ``group'' is specified as ``\-group''.
-The
-.Fl d  ,
-.Fl s ,
+.Fl X
+options and the
+.Ic -inum
+and
+.Ic -ls
+primaries are extensions to
+.St -p1003.2 .
+.Pp
+Historically, the
+.Fl d ,
+.Fl s

 and
 .Fl x
 and
 .Fl x

-options are implemented using the primaries ``\-depth'', ``\-follow'',
+options were implemented using the primaries ``\-depth'', ``\-follow'',

 and ``\-xdev''.
 and ``\-xdev''.

-These primaries always evaluate to true.
-The operator ``or'' is implemented as ``\-o'', and the operator
-``and'' is implemented as ``\-a''.
-The set of file trees to be traversed are specified as the first operands
-to
-.Nm find  .
-The first operand beginning with a dash (``\-''), exclamation point (``!'')
-or left parenthesis (``('') is assumed to be the beginning of the expression
-and the end of the files to be traversed.
-.Pp
-The
-.Nm find
-syntax was changed for two reasons.
-The first is that the ``\-depth'', ``\-follow'' and ``\-xdev'' primaries
-are really global variables that take effect before the traversal begins.
-This causes some legal expressions to have unexpected results.
+These primaries always evaluated to true.
+As they were really global variables that took effect before the traversal
+began, some legal expressions could have unexpected results.

 An example is the expression ``\-print \-o \-depth''.
 As \-print always evaluates to true, the standard order of evaluation
 implies that \-depth would never be evaluated.
 This is not the case.
 .Pp
 An example is the expression ``\-print \-o \-depth''.
 As \-print always evaluates to true, the standard order of evaluation
 implies that \-depth would never be evaluated.
 This is not the case.
 .Pp

-The second reason is that traversing file trees with names beginning with
-a dash, exclamation point or left parenthesis was impossible.
+The operator ``-or'' was implemented as ``\-o'', and the operator ``-and''
+was implemented as ``\-a''.

 .Pp
 .Pp

-Historic implementations of the 
+Historic implementations of the

 .Ic exec
 and
 .Ic ok
 primaries did not replace the string ``{}'' in the utility name or the
 .Ic exec
 and
 .Ic ok
 primaries did not replace the string ``{}'' in the utility name or the

-utility arguments unless it appeared without any other characters.
+utility arguments if it had preceding or following non-whitespace characters.

 This version replaces it no matter where in the utility name or arguments
 it appears.
 .Sh BUGS
 This version replaces it no matter where in the utility name or arguments
 it appears.
 .Sh BUGS


@@ -468,3 +430,13 @@ The special characters used by
 are also special characters to many shell programs.
 In particular, the characters ``*'', ``['', ``]'', ``?'', ``('', ``)'',
 ``!'', ``\e'' and ``;'' may have to be escaped from the shell.
 are also special characters to many shell programs.
 In particular, the characters ``*'', ``['', ``]'', ``?'', ``('', ``)'',
 ``!'', ``\e'' and ``;'' may have to be escaped from the shell.

+.Pp
+As there is no delimiter separating options and file names or file
+names and the
+.Ar expression ,
+it is difficult to specify files named ``-xdev'' or ``!''.
+These problems are handled by the
+.Fl f
+option and the
+.Xr getopt 3
+``--'' construct.