-.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
-.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
-.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
-.\" @(#)mail.1 6.2 (Berkeley) %G%
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
-.TH MAIL 1 ""
-.UC 4
-.SH NAME
-mail \- send and receive mail
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B mail
-[
-.B \-v
-]
-[
-.B \-i
-]
-[
-.B \-n
-]
-[
-.B \-s
-subject
-]
-[
-user ...
-]
-.br
-.B mail
-[
-.B \-v
-]
-[
-.B \-i
-]
-[
-.B \-n
-]
-.B \-f
-[
-name
-]
-.br
-.B mail
-[
-.B \-v
-]
-[
-.B \-i
-]
-[
-.B \-n
-]
-.B \-u
-user
-.SH INTRODUCTION
-.I Mail
-is a intelligent mail processing system, which has
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" @(#)mail.1 8.8 (Berkeley) 4/28/95
+.\"
+.Dd April 28, 1995
+.Dt MAIL 1
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm mail
+.Nd send and receive mail
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm mail
+.Op Fl iInv
+.Op Fl s Ar subject
+.Op Fl c Ar cc-addr
+.Op Fl b Ar bcc-addr
+.Ar to-addr...
+.Nm mail
+.Op Fl iInNv
+.Fl f
+.Op Ar name
+.Nm mail
+.Op Fl iInNv
+.Op Fl u Ar user
+.Sh INTRODUCTION
+.Nm Mail
+is an intelligent mail processing system, which has
a command syntax reminiscent of
-.I ed
+.Xr \&ed 1
with lines replaced by messages.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-v
-flag puts mail into verbose mode; the details of
-delivery are displayed on the users terminal.
-The
-.B \-i
-flag causes tty interrupt signals to be ignored. This is
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width flag
+.It Fl v
+Verbose mode.
+The details of
+delivery are displayed on the user's terminal.
+.It Fl i
+Ignore tty interrupt signals.
+This is
particularly useful when using
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
on noisy phone lines.
-The
-.B \-n
-flag inhibits the reading of /usr/lib/Mail.rc.
-.PP
-.I "Sending mail.\ "
-To send a message to one or more other people,
-.I mail
-can be invoked with arguments which are the names of people to
-send to. You are then expected to type in your message, followed
-by an \s-2EOT\s0 (control\-D) at the beginning of a line.
-A subject may be specified on the command line by using the
-.B \-s
-flag. (Only the first argument after the
-.B \-s
+.It Fl I
+Forces mail to run in interactive mode even when
+input isn't a terminal.
+In particular, the
+.Sq Ic \&~
+special
+character when sending mail is only active in interactive mode.
+.It Fl n
+Inhibits reading
+.Pa /etc/mail.rc
+upon startup.
+.It Fl N
+Inhibits the initial display of message headers
+when reading mail or editing a mail folder.
+.It Fl s
+Specify subject on command line
+(only the first argument after the
+.Fl s
flag is used as a subject; be careful to quote subjects
containing spaces.)
-The section below, labeled
-.I "Replying to or originating mail,"
+.It Fl c
+Send carbon copies to
+.Ar list
+of users.
+.It Fl b
+Send blind carbon copies to
+.Ar list .
+List should be a comma-separated list of names.
+.It Fl f
+Read in the contents of your
+.Ar mbox
+(or the specified file)
+for processing; when you
+.Ar quit ,
+.Nm mail
+writes undeleted messages back to this file.
+.It Fl u
+Is equivalent to:
+.Pp
+.Dl mail -f /var/mail/user
+.El
+.Ss Sending mail
+To send a message to one or more people,
+.Nm mail
+can be invoked with arguments which are the names of people to
+whom the mail will be sent.
+You are then expected to type in
+your message, followed
+by an
+.Sq Li control\-D
+at the beginning of a line.
+The section below
+.Ar Replying to or originating mail ,
describes some features of
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
available to help you compose your letter.
-.PP
-.I "Reading mail.\ "
+.Pp
+.Ss Reading mail
In normal usage
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
is given no arguments and checks your mail out of the
post office, then
-prints out a one line header of each message there.
+prints out a one line header of each message found.
The current message is initially the first message (numbered 1)
and can be printed using the
-.B print
-command (which can be abbreviated \fBp\fR).
+.Ic print
+command (which can be abbreviated
+.Ql Ic p ) .
You can move among the messages much as you move between lines in
-.IR ed ,
-with the commands `+' and `\-' moving backwards and forwards, and
+.Xr \&ed 1 ,
+with the commands
+.Ql Ic \&+
+and
+.Ql Ic \&\-
+moving backwards and forwards, and
simple numbers.
-.PP
-.I "Disposing of mail.\ "
+.Pp
+.Ss Disposing of mail.
After examining a message you can
-.B delete
-(\fBd\fR)
+.Ic delete
+.Ql Ic d )
the message or
-.B reply
-(\fBr\fR)
+.Ic reply
+.Ql Ic r )
to it.
Deletion causes the
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
program to forget about the message.
This is not irreversible; the message can be
-.B undeleted
-(\fBu\fR)
+.Ic undeleted
+.Ql Ic u )
by giving its number, or the
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
session can be aborted by giving the
-.B exit
-(\fBx\fR)
+.Ic exit
+.Ql Ic x )
command.
Deleted messages will, however, usually disappear never to be seen again.
-.PP
-.I "Specifying messages.\ "
+.Pp
+.Ss Specifying messages
Commands such as
-.B print
+.Ic print
and
-.B delete
+.Ic delete
can be given a list of message numbers as arguments to apply
to a number of messages at once.
-Thus ``delete 1 2'' deletes messages 1 and 2, while ``delete 1\-5''
+Thus
+.Dq Li delete 1 2
+deletes messages 1 and 2, while
+.Dq Li delete 1\-5
deletes messages 1 through 5.
-The special name ``*'' addresses all messages, and ``$'' addresses
+The special name
+.Ql Li \&*
+addresses all messages, and
+.Ql Li \&$
+addresses
the last message; thus the command
-.B top
+.Ic top
which prints the first few lines of a message could be used in
-``top *'' to print the first few lines of all messages.
-.PP
-.I "Replying to or originating mail.\ "
+.Dq Li top \&*
+to print the first few lines of all messages.
+.Pp
+.Ss Replying to or originating mail.
You can use the
-.B reply
+.Ic reply
command to
set up a response to a message, sending it back to the
person who it was from.
Text you then type in, up to an end-of-file,
defines the contents of the message.
While you are composing a message,
-.I mail
-treats lines beginning with the character `~' specially.
-For instance, typing ``~m'' (alone on a line) will place a copy
-of the current message into the response right shifting it by a tabstop.
+.Nm mail
+treats lines beginning with the character
+.Ql Ic \&~
+specially.
+For instance, typing
+.Ql Ic \&~m
+(alone on a line) will place a copy
+of the current message into the response right shifting it by a tabstop
+(see
+.Em indentprefix
+variable, below).
Other escapes will set up subject fields, add and delete recipients
to the message and allow you to escape to an editor to revise the
-message or to a shell to run some commands. (These options
+message or to a shell to run some commands.
+(These options
are given in the summary below.)
-.PP
-.I "Ending a mail processing session.\ "
+.Pp
+.Ss Ending a mail processing session.
You can end a
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
session with the
-.B quit
-(\fBq\fR)
+.Ic quit
+.Ql Ic q )
command.
Messages which have been examined go to your
-.I mbox
+.Ar mbox
file unless they have been deleted in which case they are discarded.
Unexamined messages go back to the post office.
-The
-.B \-f
-option causes
-.I mail
-to read in the contents of your
-.I mbox
-(or the specified file)
-for processing; when you
-.BR quit ,
-.I mail
-writes undeleted messages back to this file.
-The
-.B \-u
-flag is a short way of doing
-"mail
-.B \-f
-/usr/spool/mail/user".
-.PP
-.I "Personal and systemwide distribution lists.\ "
+(See the
+.Fl f
+option above).
+.Pp
+.Ss Personal and systemwide distribution lists.
It is also possible to create a personal distribution lists so that,
-for instance, you can send mail to ``cohorts'' and have it go
+for instance, you can send mail to
+.Dq Li cohorts
+and have it go
to a group of people.
Such lists can be defined by placing a line like
-.IP
-alias cohorts bill ozalp jkf mark kridle@ucbcory
-.PP
-in the file \&.mailrc in your home directory.
+.Pp
+.Dl alias cohorts bill ozalp jkf mark kridle@ucbcory
+.Pp
+in the file
+.Pa \&.mailrc
+in your home directory.
The current list of such aliases can be displayed with the
-.B alias
-.B (a)
+.Ic alias
command in
-.IR mail .
+.Nm mail .
System wide distribution lists can be created by editing
-/usr/lib/aliases, see
-.IR aliases (5)
+.Pa /etc/aliases ,
+see
+.Xr aliases 5
and
-.IR sendmail (8);
+.Xr sendmail 8 ;
these are kept in a different syntax.
In mail you send, personal aliases will be expanded in mail sent
-to others so that they will be able to \fBreply\fR to the recipients.
-System wide \fIaliases\fR are not expanded when the mail is sent,
+to others so that they will be able to
+.Ic reply
+to the recipients.
+System wide
+.Ic aliases
+are not expanded when the mail is sent,
but any reply returned to the machine will have the system wide
alias expanded as all mail goes through
-.IR sendmail .
-.PP
-.I "Network mail (ARPA, UUCP, Berknet)\ "
+.Xr sendmail .
+.Pp
+.Ss Network mail (ARPA, UUCP, Berknet)
See
-.IR mailaddr(7)
+.Xr mailaddr 7
for a description of network addresses.
-.PP
-.I Mail
+.Pp
+.Nm Mail
has a number of options which can be set in the
-.I \&.mailrc
-file to alter its behavior; thus ``set askcc'' enables the ``askcc''
-feature. (These options are summarized below.)
-.SH SUMMARY
+.Pa .mailrc
+file to alter its behavior; thus
+.Dq Li set askcc
+enables the
+.Ar askcc
+feature.
+(These options are summarized below.)
+.Sh SUMMARY
(Adapted from the `Mail Reference Manual')
-.PP
+.Pp
Each command is typed on a line by itself, and may take arguments
-following the command word. The command need not be typed in its
+following the command word.
+The command need not be typed in its
entirety \- the first command which matches the typed prefix is used.
For commands which take message lists as arguments, if no message
list is given, then the next message forward which satisfies the
-command's requirements is used. If there are no messages forward of
+command's requirements is used.
+If there are no messages forward of
the current message, the search proceeds backwards, and if there are no
good messages at all,
-.I mail
-types ``No applicable messages'' and
+.Nm mail
+types
+.Dq Li No applicable messages
+and
aborts the command.
-.TP 12n
-.B \-
-Goes to the previous message and prints it out. If given a numeric
+.Bl -tag -width delete
+.It Ic \&\-
+Print out the preceding message.
+If given a numeric
argument
-.IR n ,
+.Ar n ,
goes to the
-.IR n -th
+.Ar n Ns 'th
previous message and prints it.
-.TP
-.B ?
+.It Ic \&?
Prints a brief summary of commands.
-.TP
-.B !
-Executes the \s-2UNIX\s0 shell command which follows.
-.TP
-.B Print
-(\fBP\fR)
+.It Ic \&!
+Executes the shell
+(see
+.Xr sh 1
+and
+.Xr csh 1 )
+command which follows.
+.It Ic Print
+.Pq Ic P
Like
-.B print
-but also prints out ignored header fields. See also
-.B print
-,
-.B ignore
+.Ic print
+but also prints out ignored header fields.
+See also
+.Ic print ,
+.Ic ignore
and
-.B retain.
-.TP
-.B Reply
-(\fRR\fR)
-Reply to originator. Does not reply to other
+.Ic retain .
+.It Ic Reply
+.Pq Ic R
+Reply to originator.
+Does not reply to other
recipients of the original message.
-.TP
-.B Type
-(\fTT\fR)
+.It Ic Type
+.Pq Ic T
Identical to the
-.B Print
+.Ic Print
command.
-.TP
-.B alias
-(\fBa\fR) With no arguments, prints out all currently-defined aliases. With one
-argument, prints out that alias. With more than one argument, creates
-an new or changes an on old alias.
-.TP
-.B alternates
-(\fBalt\fR)
+.It Ic alias
+.Pq Ic a
+With no arguments, prints out all currently-defined aliases.
+With one
+argument, prints out that alias.
+With more than one argument, creates
+a new alias or changes an old one.
+.It Ic alternates
+.Pq Ic alt
The
-.B alternates
+.Ic alternates
command is useful if you have accounts on several machines.
It can be used to inform
-.I mail
-that the listed addresses are really you. When you
-.B reply
+.Nm mail
+that the listed addresses are really you.
+When you
+.Ic reply
to messages,
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
will not send a copy of the message to any of the addresses
listed on the
-.I alternates
-list. If the
-.B alternates
+.Ic alternates
+list.
+If the
+.Ic alternates
command is given with no argument, the current set of alternate
names is displayed.
-.TP
-.B chdir
-(\fBc\fR) Changes the user's working directory to that specified, if given. If
+.It Ic chdir
+.Pq Ic c
+Changes the user's working directory to that specified, if given.
+If
no directory is given, then changes to the user's login directory.
-.TP
-.B copy
-(\fBco\fR)
+.It Ic copy
+.Pq Ic co
The
-.B copy
+.Ic copy
command does the same thing that
-.B save
+.Ic save
does, except that it does not mark the messages it
is used on for deletion when you quit.
-.TP
-.B delete
-(\fBd\fR) Takes a list of messages as argument and marks them all as deleted.
+.It Ic delete
+.Pq Ic d
+Takes a list of messages as argument and marks them all as deleted.
Deleted messages will not be saved in
-.IR mbox ,
-nor will they be available for most other commands.
-.TP
-.B dp
-(also \fBdt\fR) Deletes the current message and prints the next message.
-If there is no next message,
-.I mail
-says ``at EOF.''
-.TP
-.B edit
-(\fBe\fR) Takes a list of messages and points the text editor at each one in
-turn. On return from the editor, the message is read back in.
-.TP
-.B exit
-(\fBex\fR or \fBx\fR) Effects an immediate return to the Shell without
+.Ar mbox ,
+nor will they be available for most other commands.
+.It Ic dp
+(also
+.Ic dt )
+Deletes the current message and prints the next message.
+If there is no next message,
+.Nm mail
+says
+.Dq Li "at EOF" .
+.It Ic edit
+.Pq Ic e
+Takes a list of messages and points the text editor at each one in
+turn.
+On return from the editor, the message is read back in.
+.It Ic exit
+.Pf ( Ic ex
+or
+.Ic x )
+Effects an immediate return to the Shell without
modifying the user's system mailbox, his
-.I mbox
+.Ar mbox
file, or his edit file in
-.BR \-f .
-.TP
-.B file
-(\fBfi\fR)
+.Fl f .
+.It Ic file
+.Pq Ic fi
The same as
-.BR folder .
-.TP
-.B folders
+.Ic folder .
+.It Ic folders
List the names of the folders in your folder directory.
-.TP
-.B folder
-(\fBfo\fR)
+.It Ic folder
+.Pq Ic fo
The
-.B folder
-command switches to a new mail file or folder. With no
+.Ic folder
+command switches to a new mail file or folder.
+With no
arguments, it tells you which file you are currently reading.
If you give it an argument, it will write out changes (such
as deletions) you have made in the current file and read in
-the new file. Some special conventions are recognized for
-the name. # means the previous file, % means your system
+the new file.
+Some special conventions are recognized for
+the name.
+# means the previous file, % means your system
mailbox, %user means user's system mailbox, & means
-your \~/mbox file, and +folder means a file in your folder
+your
+.Ar mbox
+file, and
+\&+\&folder means a file in your folder
directory.
-.TP
-.B from
-(\fBf\fR) Takes a list of messages and prints their message headers.
-.TP
-.B headers
-(\fBh\fR) Lists the current range of headers, which is an 18 message group. If
-a ``+'' argument is given, then the next 18 message group is printed, and if
-a ``\-'' argument is given, the previous 18 message group is printed.
-.TP
-.B help
-A synonym for ?
-.TP
-.B hold
-(\fBho\fR, also \fBpreserve\fR) Takes a message list and marks each
+.It Ic from
+.Pq Ic f
+Takes a list of messages and prints their message headers.
+.It Ic headers
+.Pq Ic h
+Lists the current range of headers, which is an 18\-message group.
+If
+a
+.Ql \&+
+argument is given, then the next 18\-message group is printed, and if
+a
+.Ql \&\-
+argument is given, the previous 18\-message group is printed.
+.It Ic help
+A synonym for
+.Ic \&?
+.ne 1i
+.It Ic hold
+.Pf ( Ic ho ,
+also
+.Ic preserve )
+Takes a message list and marks each
message therein to be saved in the
user's system mailbox instead of in
-.IR mbox .
+.Ar mbox .
Does not override the
-.B delete
+.Ic delete
command.
-.TP
-.B ignore
-.B N.B.:
-.I Ignore
-has been superseded by
-.I retain.
-.br
+.It Ic ignore
Add the list of header fields named to the
-.IR "ignored list" .
+.Ar ignored list .
Header fields in the ignore list are not printed
-on your terminal when you print a message. This
+on your terminal when you print a message.
+This
command is very handy for suppression of certain machine-generated
-header fields. The
-.B Type
+header fields.
+The
+.Ic Type
and
-.B Print
+.Ic Print
commands can be used to print a message in its entirety, including
-ignored fields. If
-.B ignore
+ignored fields.
+If
+.Ic ignore
is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of
ignored fields.
-.TP
-.B mail
-(\fBm\fR) Takes as argument login names and distribution group names and sends
+.It Ic inc
+Incorporate any new messages that have arrived while mail
+is being read.
+The new messages are added to the end of the message list,
+and the current message is reset to be the first new mail message.
+This does not renumber the existing message list, nor does
+does it cause any changes made so far to be saved.
+.It Ic mail
+.Pq Ic m
+Takes as argument login names and distribution group names and sends
mail to those people.
-.TP
-.B mbox
+.It Ic mbox
Indicate that a list of messages be sent to
-.I mbox
-in your home directory when you quit. This is the default
+.Ic mbox
+in your home directory when you quit.
+This is the default
action for messages if you do
-.I not
+.Em not
have the
-.I hold
+.Ic hold
option set.
-.TP
-.B next
-(\fBn\fR like \fB+\fR or CR) Goes to the next message in sequence and types it.
+.It Ic next
+.Pq Ic n
+like
+.Ic \&+
+or
+.Tn CR )
+Goes to the next message in sequence and types it.
With an argument list, types the next matching message.
-.TP
-.B preserve
-(\fBpre\fR)
+.It Ic preserve
+.Pq Ic pre
A synonym for
-.BR hold .
-.TP
-.B print
-(\fBp\fR)
+.Ic hold .
+.It Ic print
+.Pq Ic p
Takes a message list and types out each message on the user's terminal.
-.TP
-.B quit
-(\fBq\fR) Terminates the session, saving all undeleted, unsaved messages in
+.It Ic quit
+.Pq Ic q
+Terminates the session, saving all undeleted, unsaved messages in
the user's
-.I mbox
+.Ar mbox
file in his login directory, preserving all messages marked with
-.B hold
+.Ic hold
or
-.B preserve
+.Ic preserve
or never referenced
in his system mailbox, and removing all other messages from his system
-mailbox. If new mail has arrived during the session, the message
-``You have new mail'' is given. If given while editing a
+mailbox.
+If new mail has arrived during the session, the message
+.Dq Li "You have new mail"
+is given.
+If given while editing a
mailbox file with the
-.B \-f
-flag, then the edit file is rewritten. A return to the Shell is
+.Fl f
+flag, then the edit file is rewritten.
+A return to the Shell is
effected, unless the rewrite of edit file fails, in which case the user
can escape with the
-.B exit
+.Ic exit
command.
-.TP
-.B reply
-(\fBr\fR)
+.It Ic reply
+.Pq Ic r
Takes a message list and sends mail to the sender and all
recipients of the specified message.
The default message must not be deleted.
-.TP
-.B respond
+.It Ic respond
A synonym for
-.BR reply .
-.TP
-.B retain
+.Ic reply .
+.It Ic retain
Add the list of header fields named to the
-.IR "retained list" .
+.Ar retained list
Only the header fields in the retain list
are shown on your terminal when you print a message.
All other header fields are suppressed.
The
-.B Type
+.Ic Type
and
-.B Print
+.Ic Print
commands can be used to print a message in its entirety.
If
-.B retain
+.Ic retain
is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of
retained fields.
-.TP
-.B save
-(\fBs\fR) Takes a message list and a filename and appends each message in
-turn to the end of the file. The filename in quotes, followed by the line
-count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal.
-.TP
-.B set
-(\fBse\fR) With no arguments, prints all variable values. Otherwise, sets
-option. Arguments are of the form
-``option=value''
+.It Ic save
+.Pq Ic s
+Takes a message list and a filename and appends each message in
+turn to the end of the file.
+The filename in quotes, followed by the line
+count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal.
+.It Ic set
+.Pq Ic se
+With no arguments, prints all variable values.
+Otherwise, sets
+option.
+Arguments are of the form
+.Ar option=value
(no space before or after =) or
-``option.''
-.TP
-.B shell
-(\fBsh\fR) Invokes an interactive version of the shell.
-.TP
-.B size
+.Ar option .
+Quotation marks may be placed around any part of the assignment statement to
+quote blanks or tabs, i.e.
+.Dq Li "set indentprefix=\*q->\*q"
+.It Ic saveignore
+.Ic Saveignore
+is to
+.Ic save
+what
+.Ic ignore
+is to
+.Ic print
+and
+.Ic type .
+Header fields thus marked are filtered out when
+saving a message by
+.Ic save
+or when automatically saving to
+.Ar mbox .
+.pl +1
+.It Ic saveretain
+.Ic Saveretain
+is to
+.Ic save
+what
+.Ic retain
+is to
+.Ic print
+and
+.Ic type .
+Header fields thus marked are the only ones saved
+with a message when saving by
+.Ic save
+or when automatically saving to
+.Ar mbox .
+.Ic Saveretain
+overrides
+.Ic saveignore .
+.It Ic shell
+.Pq Ic sh
+Invokes an interactive version of the shell.
+.It Ic size
Takes a message list and prints out the size in characters of each
message.
-.TP
-.B source
-(\fBso\fR)
+.It Ic source
The
-.B source
+.Ic source
command reads
-.I mail
commands from a file.
-.TP
-.B top
-Takes a message list and prints the top few lines of each. The number of
+.It Ic top
+Takes a message list and prints the top few lines of each.
+The number of
lines printed is controlled by the variable
-.B toplines
+.Ic toplines
and defaults to five.
-.TP
-.B type
-(\fBt\fR) A synonym for
-.BR print .
-.TP
-.B unalias
+.It Ic type
+.Pq Ic t
+A synonym for
+.Ic print .
+.It Ic unalias
Takes a list of names defined by
-.B alias
-commands and discards the remembered groups of users. The group names
+.Ic alias
+commands and discards the remembered groups of users.
+The group names
no longer have any significance.
-.TP
-.B undelete
-(\fBu\fR) Takes a message list and marks each one as
-.I not
+.It Ic undelete
+.Pq Ic u
+Takes a message list and marks each message as
+.Ic not
being deleted.
-.TP
-.B unset
+.It Ic unread
+.Pq Ic U
+Takes a message list and marks each message as
+.Ic not
+having been read.
+.It Ic unset
Takes a list of option names and discards their remembered values;
the inverse of
-.BR set .
-.TP
-.B visual
-(\fBv\fR) Takes a message list and invokes the display editor on each message.
-.TP
-.B write
-(\fBw\fR) Similar to
-.BR save ,
+.Ic set .
+.It Ic visual
+.Pq Ic v
+Takes a message list and invokes the display editor on each message.
+.It Ic write
+.Pq Ic w
+Similar to
+.Ic save ,
except that
-.I only
-the message body (\fIwithout\fP the header) is saved.
+.Ic only
+the message body
+.Pq Ar without
+the header) is saved.
Extremely useful for such tasks as sending and receiving source
program text over the message system.
-.TP
-.B xit
-(\fBx\fR) A synonym for
-.BR exit .
-.TP
-.B z
-.I Mail
+.It Ic xit
+.Pq Ic x
+A synonym for
+.Ic exit .
+.It Ic z
+.Nm Mail
presents message headers in windowfuls as described under the
-.B headers
-command. You can move
-.IR mail 's
+.Ic headers
+command.
+You can move
+.Nm mail Ns 's
attention forward to the next window with the
-.B z
-command. Also, you can move to the previous window by using
-.BR z\- .
-.PP
+.Ic \&z
+command.
+Also, you can move to the previous window by using
+.Ic \&z\&\- .
+.El
+.Ss Tilde/Escapes
+.Pp
Here is a summary of the tilde escapes,
which are used when composing messages to perform
-special functions. Tilde escapes are only recognized at the beginning
-of lines. The name
-``tilde\ escape''
+special functions.
+Tilde escapes are only recognized at the beginning
+of lines.
+The name
+.Dq Em tilde\ escape
is somewhat of a misnomer since the actual escape character can be set
by the option
-.B escape.
-.TP 12n
-.BR ~! command
+.Ic escape .
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&~! Ns Ar command
Execute the indicated shell command, then return to the message.
-.TP
-\fB~c\fR name ...
+.It Ic \&~b Ns Ar name ...
+Add the given names to the list of carbon copy recipients but do not make
+the names visible in the Cc: line ("blind" carbon copy).
+.It Ic \&~c Ns Ar name ...
Add the given names to the list of carbon copy recipients.
-.TP
-.B ~d
-Read the file ``dead.letter'' from your home directory into the message.
-.TP
-.B ~e
-Invoke the text editor on the message collected so far. After the
+.It Ic \&~d
+Read the file
+.Dq Pa dead.letter
+from your home directory into the message.
+.It Ic \&~e
+Invoke the text editor on the message collected so far.
+After the
editing session is finished, you may continue appending text to the
message.
-.TP
-\fB~f\fR messages
+.It Ic \&~f Ns Ar messages
Read the named messages into the message being sent.
If no messages are specified, read in the current message.
-.TP
-.B ~h
+Message headers currently being ignored (by the
+.Ic ignore
+or
+.Ic retain
+command) are not included.
+.ne 1i
+.It Ic \&~F Ns Ar messages
+Identical to
+.Ic \&~f ,
+except all message headers are included.
+.It Ic \&~h
Edit the message header fields by typing each one in turn and allowing
the user to append text to the end or modify the field by using the
current terminal erase and kill characters.
-.TP
-\fB~m\fR messages
-Read the named messages into the message being sent, shifted right one
-tab. If no messages are specified, read the current message.
-.TP
-.B ~p
+.It Ic \&~m Ns Ar messages
+Read the named messages into the message being sent, indented by a
+tab or by the value of
+.Ar indentprefix .
+If no messages are specified,
+read the current message.
+Message headers currently being ignored (by the
+.Ic ignore
+or
+.Ic retain
+command) are not included.
+.It Ic \&~M Ns Ar messages
+Identical to
+.Ic \&~m ,
+except all message headers are included.
+.It Ic \&~p
Print out the message collected so far, prefaced by the message header
fields.
-.TP
-.B ~q
+.It Ic \&~q
Abort the message being sent, copying the message to
-``dead.letter''
+.Dq Pa dead.letter
in your home directory if
-.B save
+.Ic save
is set.
-.TP
-\fB~r\fR filename
+.It Ic \&~r Ns Ar filename
Read the named file into the message.
-.TP
-\fB~s\fR string
+.It Ic \&~s Ns Ar string
Cause the named string to become the current subject field.
-.TP
-\fB~t\fR name ...
+.It Ic \&~\&t Ns Ar name ...
Add the given names to the direct recipient list.
-.TP
-.B ~v
-Invoke an alternate editor (defined by the VISUAL option) on the
-message collected so far. Usually, the alternate editor will be a
-screen editor. After you quit the editor, you may resume appending
+.It Ic \&~\&v
+Invoke an alternate editor (defined by the
+.Ev VISUAL
+option) on the
+message collected so far.
+Usually, the alternate editor will be a
+screen editor.
+After you quit the editor, you may resume appending
text to the end of your message.
-.TP
-\fB~w\fR filename
+.It Ic \&~w Ns Ar filename
Write the message onto the named file.
-.TP
-\fB~\||\|\fRcommand
-Pipe the message through the command as a filter. If the command gives
+.It Ic \&~\&| Ns Ar command
+Pipe the message through the command as a filter.
+If the command gives
no output or terminates abnormally, retain the original text of the
-message. The command
-.IR fmt (1)
+message.
+The command
+.Xr fmt 1
is often used as
-.I command
+.Ic command
to rejustify the message.
-.TP
-.BR ~~ string
-Insert the string of text in the message prefaced by a single ~. If
+.It Ic \&~: Ns Ar mail-command
+Execute the given mail command.
+Not all commands, however, are allowed.
+.It Ic \&~~ Ns Ar string
+Insert the string of text in the message prefaced by a single ~.
+If
you have changed the escape character, then you should double
that character in order to send it.
-.PP
-Options are controlled via the
-.B set
+.El
+.Ss Mail Options
+Options are controlled via
+.Ic set
and
-.B unset
-commands. Options may be either binary, in which case it is only
-significant to see whether they are set or not, or string, in which
+.Ic unset
+commands.
+Options may be either binary, in which case it is only
+significant to see whether they are set or not; or string, in which
case the actual value is of interest.
The binary options include the following:
-.TP 15n
-.B append
+.Bl -tag -width append
+.It Ar append
Causes messages saved in
-.I mbox
+.Ar mbox
to be appended to the end rather than prepended.
-(This is set in
-/usr/lib/Mail.rc
-on version 7 systems.)
-.TP
-.B ask
+This should always be set (perhaps in
+.Pa /etc/mail.rc ) .
+.It Ar ask
Causes
-.I mail
-to prompt you for the subject of each message you send. If
+.Nm mail
+to prompt you for the subject of each message you send.
+If
you respond with simply a newline, no subject field will be sent.
-.TP
-.B askcc
+.ne 1i
+.It Ar askcc
Causes you to be prompted for additional carbon copy recipients at the
-end of each message. Responding with a newline indicates your
+end of each message.
+Responding with a newline indicates your
satisfaction with the current list.
-.TP
-.B autoprint
+.It Ar autoinc
+Causes new mail to be automatically incorporated when it arrives.
+Setting this is similar to issuing the
+.Ic inc
+command at each prompt, except that the current message is not
+reset when new mail arrives.
+.It Ar autoprint
Causes the
-.B delete
+.Ic delete
command to behave like
-.B dp
+.Ic dp
\- thus, after deleting a message, the next one will be typed
automatically.
-.TP
-.B debug
+.It Ar debug
Setting the binary option
-.I debug
+.Ar debug
is the same as specifying
-.B \-d
+.Fl d
on the command line and causes
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
to output all sorts of information useful for debugging
-.IR mail .
-.TP
-.B dot
+.Nm mail .
+.It Ar dot
The binary option
-.I dot
+.Ar dot
causes
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
to interpret a period alone on a line as the terminator
of a message you are sending.
-.TP
-.B hold
+.It Ar hold
This option is used to hold messages in the system mailbox
by default.
-.TP
-.B ignore
+.It Ar ignore
Causes interrupt signals from your terminal to be ignored and echoed as
@'s.
-.TP
-.B ignoreeof
+.It Ar ignoreeof
An option related to
-.I dot
+.Ar dot
is
-.I ignoreeof
+.Ar ignoreeof
which makes
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
refuse to accept a control-d as the end of a message.
-.I Ignoreeof
+.Ar Ignoreeof
also applies to
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
command mode.
-.TP
-.B metoo
+.It Ar metoo
Usually, when a group is expanded that contains the sender, the sender
-is removed from the expansion. Setting this option causes the sender
+is removed from the expansion.
+Setting this option causes the sender
to be included in the group.
-.TP
-.B nosave
-Normally, when you abort a message with two \s-2RUBOUT\s0,
-.I mail
-copies the partial letter to the file ``dead.letter''
-in your home directory. Setting the binary option
-.I nosave
+.It Ar noheader
+Setting the option
+.Ar noheader
+is the same as giving the
+.Fl N
+flag on the command line.
+.It Ar nosave
+Normally, when you abort a message with two
+.Tn RUBOUT
+(erase or delete)
+.Nm mail
+copies the partial letter to the file
+.Dq Pa dead.letter
+in your home directory.
+Setting the binary option
+.Ar nosave
prevents this.
-.TP
-.B quiet
+.It Ar Replyall
+Reverses the sense of
+.Ic reply
+and
+.Ic Reply
+commands.
+.It Ar quiet
Suppresses the printing of the version when first invoked.
-.TP
-.B verbose
+.It Ar searchheaders
+If this option is set, then a message-list specifier in the form ``/x:y''
+will expand to all messages containing the substring ``y'' in the header
+field ``x''. The string search is case insensitive.
+If ``x'' is ommitted, it will default to the ``Subject'' header field.
+The form ``/to:y'' is a special case, and will expand
+to all messages containing the substring ``y'' in the ``To'', ``Cc''
+or ``Bcc'' header fields.
+The check for "to" is case sensitive, so that
+``/To:y'' can be used to limit the search for ``y'' to just
+the ``To:'' field.
+.It Ar verbose
Setting the option
-.I verbose
+.Ar verbose
is the same as using the
-.B \-v
-flag on the command line. When mail runs in verbose mode,
-the actual delivery of messages is displayed on he users
+.Fl v
+flag on the command line.
+When mail runs in verbose mode,
+the actual delivery of messages is displayed on the user's
terminal.
-.PP
-The following options have string values:
-.TP 15n
-EDITOR
+.El
+.Ss Option String Values
+.Bl -tag -width Va
+.It Ev EDITOR
Pathname of the text editor to use in the
-.B edit
-command and ~e escape. If not defined, then a default editor is used.
-.TP
-SHELL
+.Ic edit
+command and
+.Ic \&~e
+escape.
+If not defined, then a default editor is used.
+.It Ev LISTER
+Pathname of the directory lister to use in the
+.Ic folders
+command.
+Default is
+.Pa /bin/ls .
+.It Ev PAGER
+Pathname of the program to use in the
+.Ic more
+command or when
+.Ic crt
+variable is set.
+The default paginator
+.Xr more 1
+is used if this option is not defined.
+.It Ev SHELL
Pathname of the shell to use in the
-.B !
-command and the ~! escape. A default shell is used if this option is
+.Ic \&!
+command and the
+.Ic \&~!
+escape.
+A default shell is used if this option is
not defined.
-.TP
-VISUAL
+.It Ev VISUAL
Pathname of the text editor to use in the
-.B visual
-command and ~v escape.
-.TP
-.B crt
+.Ic visual
+command and
+.Ic \&~v
+escape.
+.ne 1i
+.It Va crt
The valued option
-.I crt
+.Va crt
is used as a threshold to determine how long a message must
be before
-.I more
+.Ev PAGER
is used to read it.
-.TP
-.B escape
+If
+.Va crt
+is set without a value,
+then the height of the terminal screen stored in the system
+is used to compute the threshold (see
+.Xr stty 1 ) .
+.It Ar escape
If defined, the first character of this option gives the character to
use in the place of ~ to denote escapes.
-.TP
-.B folder
+.It Ar folder
The name of the directory to use for storing folders of
-messages. If this name begins with a `/',
-.I mail
+messages.
+If this name begins with a `/',
+.Nm mail
considers it to be an absolute pathname; otherwise, the
folder directory is found relative to your home directory.
-.TP
-.B record
+.It Ev MBOX
+The name of the
+.Ar mbox
+file.
+It can be the name of a folder.
+The default is
+.Dq Li mbox
+in the user's home directory.
+.It Ar record
If defined, gives the pathname of the file used to record all outgoing
-mail. If not defined, then outgoing mail is not so saved.
-.TP
-.B toplines
+mail.
+If not defined, then outgoing mail is not so saved.
+.It Ar indentprefix
+String used by the ``~m'' tilde escape for indenting messages, in place of
+the normal tab character (^I).
+Be sure to quote the value if it contains
+spaces or tabs.
+.It Ar toplines
If defined, gives the number of lines of a message to be printed out
with the
-.B top
+.Ic top
command; normally, the first five lines are printed.
-.SH FILES
-.if n .ta 2.5i
-.if t .ta 1.8i
-/usr/spool/mail/* post office
-.br
-~/mbox your old mail
-.br
-~/.mailrc file giving initial mail commands
-.br
-/tmp/R# temporary for editor escape
-.br
-/usr/lib/Mail.help* help files
-.br
-/usr/lib/Mail.rc system initialization file
-.br
-Message* temporary for editing messages
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-binmail(1), fmt(1), newaliases(1), aliases(5),
-.br
-mailaddr(7), sendmail(8)
-.br
-`The Mail Reference Manual'
-.SH BUGS
-There are many flags that are not documented here. Most are
+.El
+.Sh ENVIRONMENT
+.Nm Mail
+utilizes the
+.Ev HOME
+and
+.Ev USER
+environment variables.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width /usr/share/misc/Mail.help* -compact
+.It Pa /var/mail/*
+Post office.
+.It ~/mbox
+User's old mail.
+.It ~/.mailrc
+File giving initial mail commands.
+This can be overridden by setting the
+.Ev MAILRC
+environment variable.
+.It Pa /tmp/R*
+Temporary files.
+.It Pa /usr/share/misc/Mail.help*
+Help files.
+.It Pa /etc/mail.rc
+System initialization file.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr fmt 1 ,
+.Xr newaliases 1 ,
+.Xr vacation 1 ,
+.Xr aliases 5 ,
+.Xr mailaddr 7 ,
+.Xr sendmail 8
+and
+.Rs
+.%T "The Mail Reference Manual" .
+.Re
+.Sh HISTORY
+A
+.Nm mail
+command
+appeared in
+.At v6 .
+This man page is derived from
+.%T "The Mail Reference Manual"
+originally written by Kurt Shoens.
+.Sh BUGS
+There are some flags that are not documented here.
+Most are
not useful to the general user.
-.br
+.Pp
Usually,
-.I mail
+.Nm mail
is just a link to
-.IR Mail ,
+.Nm Mail ,
which can be confusing.
-.SH AUTHOR
-Kurt Shoens