This commit was manufactured by cvs2svn to create tag 'FreeBSD-release/1.0'.

[unix-history] / bin / dd / dd.c

diff --git a/bin/dd/dd.c b/bin/dd/dd.c
index 6995226..dada232 100644 (file)
--- a/bin/dd/dd.c
+++ b/bin/dd/dd.c
@@ -1,1037 +1,381 @@
-/* dd -- convert a file while copying it.
-   Copyright (C) 1985, 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-   any later version.
-
-   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-   GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-   Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
-
-/*
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.

  *
  *

- * PATCHES MAGIC                LEVEL   PATCH THAT GOT US HERE
- * --------------------         -----   ----------------------
- * CURRENT PATCH LEVEL:         1       00140
- * --------------------         -----   ----------------------
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
+ * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.

  *
  *

- * 20 Apr 93   Dave Burgess    silence compile warnings...
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *     This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.

  *
  *

+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.

  */
 
  */
 

-/* Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp. */
-
-/* Options:
+#ifndef lint
+char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.\n\
+ All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */

 
 

-   Numbers can be followed by a multiplier:
-   b=512, k=1024, w=2, xm=number m
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c       5.16 (Berkeley) 4/28/93";
+#endif /* not lint */

 
 

-   if=FILE                     Read from FILE instead of stdin.
-   of=FILE                     Write to FILE instead of stdout; don't
-                               truncate FILE.
-   ibs=BYTES                   Read BYTES bytes at a time.
-   obs=BYTES                   Write BYTES bytes at a time.
-   bs=BYTES                    Override ibs and obs.
-   cbs=BYTES                   Convert BYTES bytes at a time.
-   skip=BLOCKS                 Skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at
-                               start of input.
-   seek=BLOCKS                 Skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at
-                               start of output.
-   count=BLOCKS                        Copy only BLOCKS input blocks.
-   conv=CONVERSION[,CONVERSION...]
-
-   Conversions:
-   ascii                       Convert EBCDIC to ASCII.
-   ebcdic                      Convert ASCII to EBCDIC.
-   ibm                         Convert ASCII to alternate EBCDIC.
-   block                       Pad newline-terminated records to size of
-                               cbs, replacing newline with trailing spaces.
-   unblock                     Replace trailing spaces in cbs-sized block
-                               with newline.
-   lcase                       Change uppercase characters to lowercase.
-   ucase                       Change lowercase characters to uppercase.
-   swab                                Swap every pair of input bytes.
-                               Unlike the Unix dd, this works when an odd
-                               number of bytes are read.
-   noerror                     Continue after read errors.
-   sync                                Pad every input block to size of ibs with
-                               trailing NULs. */
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/mtio.h>

 
 

-#include <stdio.h>

 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <ctype.h>

-#define ISLOWER islower
-#define ISUPPER isupper
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <string.h>

 #include <errno.h>
 #include <errno.h>

-#include <stdlib.h>

 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>

-#define        SIGTYPE void
-
-#define equal(p, q) (strcmp ((p),(q)) == 0)
-#define max(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
-#define output_char(c) \
-  do { \
-  obuf[oc++] = (c); if (oc >= output_blocksize) write_output (); \
-  } while (0)
-
-/* Default input and output blocksize. */
-#define DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE 512
-
-/* Conversions bit masks. */
-#define C_ASCII 01
-#define C_EBCDIC 02
-#define C_IBM 04
-#define C_BLOCK 010
-#define C_UNBLOCK 020
-#define C_LCASE 040
-#define C_UCASE 0100
-#define C_SWAB 0200
-#define C_NOERROR 0400
-#define C_NOTRUNC 01000
-#define C_SYNC 02000
-/* Use separate input and output buffers, and combine partial input blocks. */
-#define C_TWOBUFS 04000
-
-/*char *malloc ();*/
-SIGTYPE interrupt_handler ();
-int bit_count ();
-int parse_integer ();
-void apply_translations ();
-void copy ();
-void copy_simple ();
-void copy_with_block ();
-void copy_with_unblock ();
-void error ();
-void parse_conversion ();
-void print_stats ();
-void translate_charset ();
-void quit ();
-void scanargs ();
-void skip ();
-void usage ();
-void write_output ();
-
-/* The name this program was run with. */
-char *program_name;
-
-/* The name of the input file, or NULL for the standard input. */
-char *input_file = NULL;
-
-/* The input file descriptor. */
-int input_fd = 0;
-
-/* The name of the output file, or NULL for the standard output. */
-char *output_file = NULL;
-
-/* The output file descriptor. */
-int output_fd = 1;
-
-/* The number of bytes in which atomic reads are done. */
-long input_blocksize = -1;
-
-/* The number of bytes in which atomic writes are done. */
-long output_blocksize = -1;
-
-/* Conversion buffer size, in bytes.  0 prevents conversions. */
-long conversion_blocksize = 0;
-
-/* Skip this many records of `input_blocksize' bytes before input. */
-long skip_records = 0;
-
-/* Skip this many records of `output_blocksize' bytes before output. */
-long seek_record = 0;
-
-/* Copy only this many records.  <0 means no limit. */
-int max_records = -1;
-
-/* Bit vector of conversions to apply. */
-int conversions_mask = 0;
-
-/* If nonzero, filter characters through the translation table.  */
-int translation_needed = 0;
-
-/* Number of partial blocks written. */
-unsigned w_partial = 0;
-
-/* Number of full blocks written. */
-unsigned w_full = 0;
-
-/* Number of partial blocks read. */
-unsigned r_partial = 0;
-
-/* Number of full blocks read. */
-unsigned r_full = 0;
-
-/* Records truncated by conv=block. */
-unsigned r_truncate = 0;
-
-/* Output representation of newline and space characters.
-   They change if we're converting to EBCDIC.  */
-unsigned char newline_character = '\n';
-unsigned char space_character = ' ';
-
-struct conversion
-{
-  char *convname;
-  int conversion;
-};
-
-struct conversion conversions[] =
-{
-  "ascii", C_ASCII | C_TWOBUFS,        /* EBCDIC to ASCII. */
-  "ebcdic", C_EBCDIC | C_TWOBUFS,      /* ASCII to EBCDIC. */
-  "ibm", C_IBM | C_TWOBUFS,    /* Slightly different ASCII to EBCDIC. */
-  "block", C_BLOCK | C_TWOBUFS,        /* Variable to fixed length records. */
-  "unblock", C_UNBLOCK | C_TWOBUFS,    /* Fixed to variable length records. */
-  "lcase", C_LCASE | C_TWOBUFS,        /* Translate upper to lower case. */
-  "ucase", C_UCASE | C_TWOBUFS,        /* Translate lower to upper case. */
-  "swab", C_SWAB | C_TWOBUFS,  /* Swap bytes of input. */
-  "noerror", C_NOERROR,                /* Ignore i/o errors. */
-  "notrunc", C_NOTRUNC,                /* Do not truncate output file. */
-  "sync", C_SYNC,              /* Pad input records to ibs with NULs. */
-  NULL, 0
-};
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 
 

-/* Translation table formed by applying successive transformations. */
-unsigned char trans_table[256];
+#include "dd.h"
+#include "extern.h"

 
 

-unsigned char ascii_to_ebcdic[] =
-{
-  0, 01, 02, 03, 067, 055, 056, 057,
-  026, 05, 045, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017,
-  020, 021, 022, 023, 074, 075, 062, 046,
-  030, 031, 077, 047, 034, 035, 036, 037,
-  0100, 0117, 0177, 0173, 0133, 0154, 0120, 0175,
-  0115, 0135, 0134, 0116, 0153, 0140, 0113, 0141,
-  0360, 0361, 0362, 0363, 0364, 0365, 0366, 0367,
-  0370, 0371, 0172, 0136, 0114, 0176, 0156, 0157,
-  0174, 0301, 0302, 0303, 0304, 0305, 0306, 0307,
-  0310, 0311, 0321, 0322, 0323, 0324, 0325, 0326,
-  0327, 0330, 0331, 0342, 0343, 0344, 0345, 0346,
-  0347, 0350, 0351, 0112, 0340, 0132, 0137, 0155,
-  0171, 0201, 0202, 0203, 0204, 0205, 0206, 0207,
-  0210, 0211, 0221, 0222, 0223, 0224, 0225, 0226,
-  0227, 0230, 0231, 0242, 0243, 0244, 0245, 0246,
-  0247, 0250, 0251, 0300, 0152, 0320, 0241, 07,
-  040, 041, 042, 043, 044, 025, 06, 027,
-  050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 011, 012, 033,
-  060, 061, 032, 063, 064, 065, 066, 010,
-  070, 071, 072, 073, 04, 024, 076, 0341,
-  0101, 0102, 0103, 0104, 0105, 0106, 0107, 0110,
-  0111, 0121, 0122, 0123, 0124, 0125, 0126, 0127,
-  0130, 0131, 0142, 0143, 0144, 0145, 0146, 0147,
-  0150, 0151, 0160, 0161, 0162, 0163, 0164, 0165,
-  0166, 0167, 0170, 0200, 0212, 0213, 0214, 0215,
-  0216, 0217, 0220, 0232, 0233, 0234, 0235, 0236,
-  0237, 0240, 0252, 0253, 0254, 0255, 0256, 0257,
-  0260, 0261, 0262, 0263, 0264, 0265, 0266, 0267,
-  0270, 0271, 0272, 0273, 0274, 0275, 0276, 0277,
-  0312, 0313, 0314, 0315, 0316, 0317, 0332, 0333,
-  0334, 0335, 0336, 0337, 0352, 0353, 0354, 0355,
-  0356, 0357, 0372, 0373, 0374, 0375, 0376, 0377
-};
+static void dd_close __P((void));
+static void dd_in __P((void));
+static void setup __P((void));

 
 

-unsigned char ascii_to_ibm[] =
-{
-  0, 01, 02, 03, 067, 055, 056, 057,
-  026, 05, 045, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017,
-  020, 021, 022, 023, 074, 075, 062, 046,
-  030, 031, 077, 047, 034, 035, 036, 037,
-  0100, 0132, 0177, 0173, 0133, 0154, 0120, 0175,
-  0115, 0135, 0134, 0116, 0153, 0140, 0113, 0141,
-  0360, 0361, 0362, 0363, 0364, 0365, 0366, 0367,
-  0370, 0371, 0172, 0136, 0114, 0176, 0156, 0157,
-  0174, 0301, 0302, 0303, 0304, 0305, 0306, 0307,
-  0310, 0311, 0321, 0322, 0323, 0324, 0325, 0326,
-  0327, 0330, 0331, 0342, 0343, 0344, 0345, 0346,
-  0347, 0350, 0351, 0255, 0340, 0275, 0137, 0155,
-  0171, 0201, 0202, 0203, 0204, 0205, 0206, 0207,
-  0210, 0211, 0221, 0222, 0223, 0224, 0225, 0226,
-  0227, 0230, 0231, 0242, 0243, 0244, 0245, 0246,
-  0247, 0250, 0251, 0300, 0117, 0320, 0241, 07,
-  040, 041, 042, 043, 044, 025, 06, 027,
-  050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 011, 012, 033,
-  060, 061, 032, 063, 064, 065, 066, 010,
-  070, 071, 072, 073, 04, 024, 076, 0341,
-  0101, 0102, 0103, 0104, 0105, 0106, 0107, 0110,
-  0111, 0121, 0122, 0123, 0124, 0125, 0126, 0127,
-  0130, 0131, 0142, 0143, 0144, 0145, 0146, 0147,
-  0150, 0151, 0160, 0161, 0162, 0163, 0164, 0165,
-  0166, 0167, 0170, 0200, 0212, 0213, 0214, 0215,
-  0216, 0217, 0220, 0232, 0233, 0234, 0235, 0236,
-  0237, 0240, 0252, 0253, 0254, 0255, 0256, 0257,
-  0260, 0261, 0262, 0263, 0264, 0265, 0266, 0267,
-  0270, 0271, 0272, 0273, 0274, 0275, 0276, 0277,
-  0312, 0313, 0314, 0315, 0316, 0317, 0332, 0333,
-  0334, 0335, 0336, 0337, 0352, 0353, 0354, 0355,
-  0356, 0357, 0372, 0373, 0374, 0375, 0376, 0377
-};
+IO     in, out;                /* input/output state */
+STAT   st;                     /* statistics */
+void   (*cfunc) __P((void));   /* conversion function */
+u_long cpy_cnt;                /* # of blocks to copy */
+u_int  ddflags;                /* conversion options */
+u_int  cbsz;                   /* conversion block size */
+u_int  files_cnt = 1;          /* # of files to copy */
+int    errstats;               /* show statistics on error */
+u_char *ctab;                  /* conversion table */

 
 

-unsigned char ebcdic_to_ascii[] =
-{
-  0, 01, 02, 03, 0234, 011, 0206, 0177,
-  0227, 0215, 0216, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017,
-  020, 021, 022, 023, 0235, 0205, 010, 0207,
-  030, 031, 0222, 0217, 034, 035, 036, 037,
-  0200, 0201, 0202, 0203, 0204, 012, 027, 033,
-  0210, 0211, 0212, 0213, 0214, 05, 06, 07,
-  0220, 0221, 026, 0223, 0224, 0225, 0226, 04,
-  0230, 0231, 0232, 0233, 024, 025, 0236, 032,
-  040, 0240, 0241, 0242, 0243, 0244, 0245, 0246,
-  0247, 0250, 0133, 056, 074, 050, 053, 041,
-  046, 0251, 0252, 0253, 0254, 0255, 0256, 0257,
-  0260, 0261, 0135, 044, 052, 051, 073, 0136,
-  055, 057, 0262, 0263, 0264, 0265, 0266, 0267,
-  0270, 0271, 0174, 054, 045, 0137, 076, 077,
-  0272, 0273, 0274, 0275, 0276, 0277, 0300, 0301,
-  0302, 0140, 072, 043, 0100, 047, 075, 042,
-  0303, 0141, 0142, 0143, 0144, 0145, 0146, 0147,
-  0150, 0151, 0304, 0305, 0306, 0307, 0310, 0311,
-  0312, 0152, 0153, 0154, 0155, 0156, 0157, 0160,
-  0161, 0162, 0313, 0314, 0315, 0316, 0317, 0320,
-  0321, 0176, 0163, 0164, 0165, 0166, 0167, 0170,
-  0171, 0172, 0322, 0323, 0324, 0325, 0326, 0327,
-  0330, 0331, 0332, 0333, 0334, 0335, 0336, 0337,
-  0340, 0341, 0342, 0343, 0344, 0345, 0346, 0347,
-  0173, 0101, 0102, 0103, 0104, 0105, 0106, 0107,
-  0110, 0111, 0350, 0351, 0352, 0353, 0354, 0355,
-  0175, 0112, 0113, 0114, 0115, 0116, 0117, 0120,
-  0121, 0122, 0356, 0357, 0360, 0361, 0362, 0363,
-  0134, 0237, 0123, 0124, 0125, 0126, 0127, 0130,
-  0131, 0132, 0364, 0365, 0366, 0367, 0370, 0371,
-  060, 061, 062, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067,
-  070, 071, 0372, 0373, 0374, 0375, 0376, 0377
-};
-
-void
-main (argc, argv)
-     int argc;
-     char **argv;
+int
+main(argc, argv)
+       int argc;
+       char *argv[];

 {
 {

-  struct sigaction sigact;
-  int i;
-
-  program_name = argv[0];
-
-  /* Initialize translation table to identity translation. */
-  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
-    trans_table[i] = i;
+       jcl(argv);
+       setup();

 
 

-  /* Decode arguments. */
-  scanargs (argc, argv);
-  apply_translations ();
+       (void)signal(SIGINFO, summary);
+       (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate);

 
 

-  if (input_file != NULL)
-    {
-      input_fd = open (input_file, O_RDONLY);
-      if (input_fd < 0)
-       error (1, errno, "%s", input_file);
-    }
-  else
-    input_file = "standard input";
+       for (errstats = 1; files_cnt--;)
+               dd_in();

 
 

-  if (input_fd == output_fd)
-    error (1, 0, "standard %s is closed", input_fd == 0 ? "input" : "output");
-
-  if (output_file != NULL)
-    {
-      int omode = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
-
-      if (seek_record == 0 && !(conversions_mask & C_NOTRUNC))
-       omode |= O_TRUNC;
-      output_fd = open (output_file, omode, 0666);
-      if (output_fd < 0)
-       error (1, errno, "%s", output_file);
-#ifndef FTRUNCATE_MISSING
-      if (seek_record > 0 && !(conversions_mask & C_NOTRUNC))
-       {
-         if (ftruncate (output_fd, seek_record * output_blocksize) < 0)
-           error (0, errno, "%s", output_file);
-       }
-#endif
-    }
-  else
-    output_file = "standard output";
-  
-  sigaction (SIGINT, NULL, &sigact);
-  if (sigact.sa_handler != SIG_IGN)
-    {
-      sigact.sa_handler = interrupt_handler;
-      sigemptyset (&sigact.sa_mask);
-      sigact.sa_flags = 0;
-      sigaction (SIGINT, &sigact, NULL);
-    }
-  copy ();
+       dd_close();
+       summary(0);
+       exit(0);

 }
 
 }
 

-/* Throw away RECORDS blocks of BLOCKSIZE bytes on file descriptor FDESC,
-   which is open with read permission for FILE.  Store up to BLOCKSIZE
-   bytes of the data at a time in BUF, if necessary. */
-
-void
-skip (fdesc, file, records, blocksize, buf)
-     int fdesc;
-     char *file;
-     long records;
-     long blocksize;
-     char *buf;
+static void
+setup()

 {
 {

-  struct stat stats;
-
-  /* Use fstat instead of checking for errno == ESPIPE because
-     lseek doesn't work on some special files but doesn't return an
-     error, either. */
-  if (fstat (fdesc, &stats))
-    {
-      error (0, errno, "%s", file);
-      quit (1);
-    }
-
-  if (S_ISREG (stats.st_mode))
-    {
-      if (lseek (fdesc, records * blocksize, SEEK_SET) < 0)
-       {
-         error (0, errno, "%s", file);
-         quit (1);
-       }
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      while (records-- > 0)
-       {
-         if (read (fdesc, buf, blocksize) < 0)
-           {
-             error (0, errno, "%s", file);
-             quit (1);
-           }
-         /* FIXME If fewer bytes were read than requested, meaning that
-            EOF was reached, POSIX wants the output file padded with NULs. */
+       register u_int cnt;
+       struct stat sb;
+       struct mtget mt;
+
+       if (in.name == NULL) {
+               in.name = "stdin";
+               in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
+       } else {
+               in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
+               if (in.fd < 0)
+                       err("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno));

        }
        }

-    }
-}
-
-/* Apply the character-set translations specified by the user
-   to the NREAD bytes in BUF.  */
-
-void
-translate_buffer (buf, nread)
-     unsigned char *buf;
-     int nread;
-{
-  register unsigned char *cp;
-  register int i;
-
-  for (i = nread, cp = buf; i; i--, cp++)
-    *cp = trans_table[*cp];
-}
-
-/* If nonnzero, the last char from the previous call to `swab_buffer'
-   is saved in `saved_char'.  */
-int char_is_saved = 0;
-
-/* Odd char from previous call.  */
-unsigned char saved_char;
-
-/* Swap NREAD bytes in BUF, plus possibly an initial char from the
-   previous call.  If NREAD is odd, save the last char for the
-   next call.   Return the new start of the BUF buffer.  */
-
-unsigned char *
-swab_buffer (buf, nread)
-     unsigned char *buf;
-     int *nread;
-{
-  unsigned char *bufstart = buf;
-  register unsigned char *cp;
-  register int i;
-
-  /* Is a char left from last time?  */
-  if (char_is_saved)
-    {
-      *--bufstart = saved_char;
-      *nread++;
-      char_is_saved = 0;
-    }
-
-  if (*nread & 1)
-    {
-      /* An odd number of chars are in the buffer.  */
-      saved_char = bufstart[--*nread];
-      char_is_saved = 1;
-    }
-
-  /* Do the byte-swapping by moving every second character two
-     positions toward the end, working from the end of the buffer
-     toward the beginning.  This way we only move half of the data.  */
-
-  cp = bufstart + *nread;      /* Start one char past the last.  */
-  for (i = *nread / 2; i; i--, cp -= 2)
-    *cp = *(cp - 2);
-
-  return ++bufstart;
-}
-
-/* Output buffer. */
-unsigned char *obuf;
-
-/* Current index into `obuf'. */
-int oc = 0;
-
-/* Index into current line, for `conv=block' and `conv=unblock'.  */
-int col = 0;
-
-/* The main loop.  */
-
-void
-copy ()
-{
-  unsigned char *ibuf, *bufstart; /* Input buffer. */
-  int nread;                   /* Bytes read in the current block. */
-  int exit_status = 0;
-
-  /* Leave an extra byte at the beginning and end of `ibuf' for conv=swab.  */
-  ibuf = (unsigned char *) malloc (input_blocksize + 2) + 1;
-  if (conversions_mask & C_TWOBUFS)
-    obuf = (unsigned char *) malloc (output_blocksize);
-  else
-    obuf = ibuf;
-
-  if (skip_records > 0)
-    skip (input_fd, input_file, skip_records, input_blocksize, ibuf);
-
-  if (seek_record > 0)
-    skip (output_fd, output_file, seek_record, output_blocksize, obuf);
-
-  if (max_records == 0)
-    quit (exit_status);
-
-  while (1)
-    {
-      if (max_records >= 0 && r_partial + r_full >= max_records)
-       break;
-
-      /* Zero the buffer before reading, so that if we get a read error,
-        whatever data we are able to read is followed by zeros.
-        This minimizes data loss. */
-      if ((conversions_mask & C_SYNC) && (conversions_mask & C_NOERROR))
-       bzero (ibuf, input_blocksize);
-
-      nread = read (input_fd, ibuf, input_blocksize);
-
-      if (nread == 0)
-       break;                  /* EOF.  */

 
 

-      if (nread < 0)
-       {
-         error (0, errno, "%s", input_file);
-         if (conversions_mask & C_NOERROR)
-           {
-             print_stats ();
-             /* Seek past the bad block if possible. */
-             lseek (input_fd, input_blocksize, SEEK_CUR);
-             if (conversions_mask & C_SYNC)
-               /* Replace the missing input with null bytes and
-                  proceed normally.  */
-               nread = 0;
-             else
-               continue;
-           }
-         else
-           {
-             /* Write any partial block. */
-             exit_status = 2;
-             break;
-           }
+       if (fstat(in.fd, &sb))
+               err("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno));
+       if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
+               in.flags |= ioctl(in.fd, MTIOCGET, &mt) ? ISCHR : ISTAPE;
+       else if (lseek(in.fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
+               in.flags |= ISPIPE;             /* XXX fixed in 4.4BSD */
+
+       if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
+               err("files is not supported for non-tape devices");
+
+       if (out.name == NULL) {
+               /* No way to check for read access here. */
+               out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
+               out.name = "stdout";
+       } else {
+#define        OFLAGS \
+    (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
+               out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
+               /*
+                * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
+                * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
+                * not support seeks.
+                */
+               if (out.fd < 0) {
+                       out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
+                       out.flags |= NOREAD;
+               }
+               if (out.fd < 0)
+                       err("%s: %s", out.name, strerror(errno));

        }
 
        }
 

-      if (nread < input_blocksize)
-       {
-         r_partial++;
-         if (conversions_mask & C_SYNC)
-           {
-             if (!(conversions_mask & C_NOERROR))
-               /* If C_NOERROR, we zeroed the block before reading. */
-               bzero (ibuf + nread, input_blocksize - nread);
-             nread = input_blocksize;
-           }
-       }
-      else
-       r_full++;
-
-      if (ibuf == obuf)                /* If not C_TWOBUFS. */
-       {
-         int nwritten = write (output_fd, obuf, nread);
-         if (nwritten != nread)
-           {
-             error (0, errno, "%s", output_file);
-             if (nwritten > 0)
-               w_partial++;
-             quit (1);
-           }
-         else if (nread == input_blocksize)
-           w_full++;
-         else
-           w_partial++;
-         continue;
-       }
-
-      /* Do any translations on the whole buffer at once.  */
-
-      if (translation_needed)
-       translate_buffer (ibuf, nread);
-
-      if (conversions_mask & C_SWAB)
-       bufstart = swab_buffer (ibuf, &nread);
-      else
-       bufstart = ibuf;
-
-      if (conversions_mask & C_BLOCK)
-        copy_with_block (bufstart, nread);
-      else if (conversions_mask & C_UNBLOCK)
-       copy_with_unblock (bufstart, nread);
-      else
-       copy_simple (bufstart, nread);
-    }
-
-  /* If we have a char left as a result of conv=swab, output it.  */
-  if (char_is_saved)
-    {
-      if (conversions_mask & C_BLOCK)
-        copy_with_block (&saved_char, 1);
-      else if (conversions_mask & C_UNBLOCK)
-       copy_with_unblock (&saved_char, 1);
-      else
-       output_char (saved_char);
-    }
-
-  if ((conversions_mask & C_BLOCK) && col > 0)
-    {
-      /* If the final input line didn't end with a '\n', pad
-        the output block to `conversion_blocksize' chars.  */
-      int pending_spaces = max (0, conversion_blocksize - col);
-      while (pending_spaces--)
-       output_char (space_character);
-    }
-
-  if ((conversions_mask & C_UNBLOCK) && col == conversion_blocksize)
-    /* Add a final '\n' if there are exactly `conversion_blocksize'
-       characters in the final record. */
-    output_char (newline_character);
-
-  /* Write out the last block. */
-  if (oc > 0)
-    {
-      int nwritten = write (output_fd, obuf, oc);
-      if (nwritten > 0)
-       w_partial++;
-      if (nwritten != oc)
-       {
-         error (0, errno, "%s", output_file);
-         quit (1);
-       }
-    }
-
-  free (ibuf - 1);
-  if (obuf != ibuf)
-    free (obuf);
-
-  quit (exit_status);
-}
-
-/* Copy NREAD bytes of BUF, with no conversions.  */
-
-void
-copy_simple (buf, nread)
-     unsigned char *buf;
-     int nread;
-{
-  int nfree;                   /* Number of unused bytes in `obuf'.  */
-  unsigned char *start = buf; /* First uncopied char in BUF.  */
-
-  do
-    {
-      nfree = output_blocksize - oc;
-      if (nfree > nread)
-       nfree = nread;
-
-      bcopy (start, obuf + oc, nfree);
-           
-      nread -= nfree;          /* Update the number of bytes left to copy. */
-      start += nfree;
-      oc += nfree;
-      if (oc >= output_blocksize)
-       write_output ();
-    }
-  while (nread > 0);
+       if (fstat(out.fd, &sb))
+               err("%s: %s", out.name, strerror(errno));
+       if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
+               out.flags |= ioctl(out.fd, MTIOCGET, &mt) ? ISCHR : ISTAPE;
+       else if (lseek(out.fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
+               out.flags |= ISPIPE;            /* XXX fixed in 4.4BSD */
+
+       /*
+        * Allocate space for the input and output buffers.  If not doing
+        * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
+        */
+       if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK))) {
+               if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
+                       err("%s", strerror(errno));
+               out.db = in.db;
+       } else if ((in.db =
+           malloc((u_int)(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz))) == NULL ||
+           (out.db = malloc((u_int)(out.dbsz + cbsz))) == NULL)
+               err("%s", strerror(errno));
+       in.dbp = in.db;
+       out.dbp = out.db;
+
+       /* Position the input/output streams. */
+       if (in.offset)
+               pos_in();
+       if (out.offset)
+               pos_out();
+
+       /*
+        * Truncate the output file; ignore errors because it fails on some
+        * kinds of output files, tapes, for example.
+        */
+       if (ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) == (C_OF | C_SEEK))
+               (void)ftruncate(out.fd, (off_t)out.offset * out.dbsz);
+
+       /*
+        * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a
+        * table that does both at once.  If just converting case, use the
+        * built-in tables.
+        */
+       if (ddflags & (C_LCASE|C_UCASE))
+               if (ddflags & C_ASCII)
+                       if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
+                               for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt)
+                                       if (isupper(ctab[cnt]))
+                                               ctab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]);
+                       } else {
+                               for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt)
+                                       if (islower(ctab[cnt]))
+                                               ctab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]);
+                       }
+               else if (ddflags & C_EBCDIC)
+                       if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
+                               for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt)
+                                       if (isupper(cnt))
+                                               ctab[cnt] = ctab[tolower(cnt)];
+                       } else {
+                               for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt)
+                                       if (islower(cnt))
+                                               ctab[cnt] = ctab[toupper(cnt)];
+                       }
+               else
+                       ctab = ddflags & C_LCASE ? u2l : l2u;
+       (void)time(&st.start);                  /* Statistics timestamp. */

 }
 
 }
 

-/* Copy NREAD bytes of BUF, doing conv=block
-   (pad newline-terminated records to `conversion_blocksize',
-   replacing the newline with trailing spaces).  */
-
-void
-copy_with_block (buf, nread)
-     unsigned char *buf;
-     int nread;
+static void
+dd_in()

 {
 {

-  register int i;
-
-  for (i = nread; i; i--, buf++)
-    {
-      if (*buf == newline_character)
-       {
-         int pending_spaces = max (0, conversion_blocksize - col);
-         while (pending_spaces--)
-           output_char (space_character);
-         col = 0;
-       }
-      else
-       {
-         if (col == conversion_blocksize)
-           r_truncate++;
-         else if (col < conversion_blocksize)
-           output_char (*buf);
-         col++;
-       }
-    }
-}
-
-/* Copy NREAD bytes of BUF, doing conv=unblock
-   (replace trailing spaces in `conversion_blocksize'-sized records
-   with a newline).  */
-
-void
-copy_with_unblock (buf, nread)
-     unsigned char *buf;
-     int nread;
-{
-  register int i;
-  register unsigned char c;
-  static int pending_spaces = 0;
-
-  for (i = 0; i < nread; i++)
-    {
-      c = buf[i];
-
-      if (col++ >= conversion_blocksize)
-       {
-         col = pending_spaces = 0; /* Wipe out any pending spaces.  */
-         i--;                  /* Push the char back; get it later. */
-         output_char (newline_character);
-       }
-      else if (c == space_character)
-       pending_spaces++;
-      else
-       {
-         if (pending_spaces)
-           {
-             /* `c' is the character after a run of spaces that were not
-                at the end of the conversion buffer.  Output them.  */
-             while (pending_spaces--)
-               output_char (space_character);
-           }
-         output_char (c);
-       }
-    }
-}
-
-/* Write, then empty, the output buffer `obuf'. */
-
-void
-write_output ()
-{
-  int nwritten = write (output_fd, obuf, output_blocksize);
-  if (nwritten != output_blocksize)
-    {
-      error (0, errno, "%s", output_file);
-      if (nwritten > 0)
-       w_partial++;
-      quit (1);
-    }
-  else
-    w_full++;
-  oc = 0;
-}
-
-void
-scanargs (argc, argv)
-     int argc;
-     char **argv;
-{
-  int i, n;
-
-  for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
-    {
-      char *name, *val;
-
-      name = argv[i];
-      val = index (name, '=');
-      if (val == NULL)
-       usage ("unrecognized option `%s'", name);
-      *val++ = '\0';
-
-      if (equal (name, "if"))
-       input_file = val;
-      else if (equal (name, "of"))
-       output_file = val;
-      else if (equal (name, "conv"))
-       parse_conversion (val);
-      else
-       {
-         n = parse_integer (val);
-         if (n < 0)
-           error (1, 0, "invalid number `%s'", val);
-
-         if (equal (name, "ibs"))
-           {
-             input_blocksize = n;
-             conversions_mask |= C_TWOBUFS;
-           }
-         else if (equal (name, "obs"))
-           {
-             output_blocksize = n;
-             conversions_mask |= C_TWOBUFS;
-           }
-         else if (equal (name, "bs"))
-           output_blocksize = input_blocksize = n;
-         else if (equal (name, "cbs"))
-           conversion_blocksize = n;
-         else if (equal (name, "skip"))
-           skip_records = n;
-         else if (equal (name, "seek"))
-           seek_record = n;
-         else if (equal (name, "count"))
-           max_records = n;
-         else
-           usage ("unrecognized option `%s=%s'", name, val);
+       register int flags, n;
+
+       for (flags = ddflags;;) {
+               if (cpy_cnt && (st.in_full + st.in_part) >= cpy_cnt)
+                       return;
+
+               /*
+                * Zero the buffer first if trying to recover from errors so
+                * lose the minimum amount of data.  If doing block operations
+                * use spaces.
+                */
+               if (flags & (C_NOERROR|C_SYNC))
+                       if (flags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK))
+                               memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
+                       else
+                               memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
+
+               n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
+               if (n == 0) {
+                       in.dbrcnt = 0;
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               /* Read error. */
+               if (n < 0) {
+                       /*
+                        * If noerror not specified, die.  POSIX requires that
+                        * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
+                        */
+                       if (!(flags & C_NOERROR))
+                               err("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno));
+                       warn("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno));
+                       summary(0);
+
+                       /*
+                        * If it's not a tape drive or a pipe, seek past the
+                        * error.  If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
+                        * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
+                        * in sector size chunks.
+                        */
+                       if (!(in.flags & (ISPIPE|ISTAPE)) &&
+                           lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
+                               warn("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno));
+
+                       /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
+                       if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
+                               continue;
+
+                       /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
+                       in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
+                       ++st.in_full;
+
+               /* Handle full input blocks. */
+               } else if (n == in.dbsz) {
+                       in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
+                       ++st.in_full;
+
+               /* Handle partial input blocks. */
+               } else {
+                       /* If sync, use the entire block. */
+                       if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
+                               in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
+                       else
+                               in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
+                       ++st.in_part;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
+                * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
+                * is output without buffering as it is read.
+                */
+               if (ddflags & C_BS) {
+                       out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
+                       dd_out(1);
+                       in.dbcnt = 0;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
+                       if ((n = in.dbcnt) & 1) {
+                               ++st.swab;
+                               --n;
+                       }
+                       swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, n);
+               }
+
+               in.dbp += in.dbrcnt;
+               (*cfunc)();

        }
        }

-    }
-
-  /* If bs= was given, both `input_blocksize' and `output_blocksize' will
-     have been set to non-negative values.  If either has not been set,
-     bs= was not given, so make sure two buffers are used. */
-  if (input_blocksize == -1 || output_blocksize == -1)
-    conversions_mask |= C_TWOBUFS;
-  if (input_blocksize == -1)
-    input_blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE;
-  if (output_blocksize == -1)
-    output_blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE;
-  if (conversion_blocksize == 0)
-    conversions_mask &= ~(C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK);

 }
 
 }
 

-/* Return the value of STR, interpreted as a non-negative decimal integer,
-   optionally multiplied by various values.
-   Return -1 if STR does not represent a number in this format. */
-
-int
-parse_integer (str)
-     char *str;
+/*
+ * Cleanup any remaining I/O and flush output.  If necesssary, output file
+ * is truncated.
+ */
+static void
+dd_close()

 {
 {

-  register int n = 0;
-  register int temp;
-  register char *p = str;
-
-  while (isdigit (*p))
-    {
-      n = n * 10 + *p - '0';
-      p++;
-    }
-loop:
-  switch (*p++)
-    {
-    case '\0':
-      return n;
-    case 'b':
-      n *= 512;
-      goto loop;
-    case 'k':
-      n *= 1024;
-      goto loop;
-    case 'w':
-      n *= 2;
-      goto loop;
-    case 'x':
-      temp = parse_integer (p);
-      if (temp == -1)
-       return -1;
-      n *= temp;
-      break;
-    default:
-      return -1;
-    }
-  return n;
+       if (cfunc == def)
+               def_close();
+       else if (cfunc == block)
+               block_close();
+       else if (cfunc == unblock)
+               unblock_close();
+       if (out.dbcnt)
+               dd_out(1);

 }
 
 }
 

-/* Interpret one "conv=..." option. */
-

 void
 void

-parse_conversion (str)
-     char *str;
+dd_out(force)
+       int force;

 {
 {

-  char *new;
-  int i;
-
-  do
-    {
-      new = index (str, ',');
-      if (new != NULL)
-       *new++ = '\0';
-      for (i = 0; conversions[i].convname != NULL; i++)
-       if (equal (conversions[i].convname, str))
-         {
-           conversions_mask |= conversions[i].conversion;
-           break;
-         }
-      if (conversions[i].convname == NULL)
-       {
-         usage ("%s: invalid conversion", str);
-         exit (1);
+       static int warned;
+       register int cnt, n, nw;
+       register u_char *outp;
+
+       /*
+        * Write one or more blocks out.  The common case is writing a full
+        * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
+        * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes.  If a partial write,
+        * and it's a character device, just warn.  If a tape device, quit.
+        *
+        * The partial writes represent two cases.  1: Where the input block
+        * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
+        * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
+        * write the block in multiple chunks.  The original versions of dd(1)
+        * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
+        * never happened.
+        *
+        * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
+        * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
+        */
+       outp = out.db;
+       for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
+               for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
+                       nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
+                       if (nw < 0)
+                               err("%s: %s", out.name, strerror(errno));
+                       outp += nw;
+                       st.bytes += nw;
+                       if (nw == n) {
+                               if (n != out.dbsz)
+                                       ++st.out_part;
+                               else
+                                       ++st.out_full;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       ++st.out_part;
+                       if (nw == cnt)
+                               break;
+                       if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
+                               warned = 1;
+                               warn("%s: short write on character device",
+                                   out.name);
+                       }
+                       if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
+                               err("%s: short write on tape device", out.name);
+               }
+               if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
+                       break;

        }
        }

-      str = new;
-  } while (new != NULL);
-}
-
-/* Fix up translation table. */
-
-void
-apply_translations ()
-{
-  int i;
-
-#define MX(a) (bit_count (conversions_mask & (a)))
-  if ((MX (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC | C_IBM) > 1)
-      || (MX (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK) > 1)
-      || (MX (C_LCASE | C_UCASE) > 1)
-      || (MX (C_UNBLOCK | C_SYNC) > 1))
-    {
-      error (1, 0, "\
-only one conv in {ascii,ebcdic,ibm}, {lcase,ucase}, {block,unblock}, {unblock,sync}");
-    }
-#undef MX
-
-  if (conversions_mask & C_ASCII)
-    translate_charset (ebcdic_to_ascii);
-
-  if (conversions_mask & C_UCASE)
-    {
-      for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
-       if (ISLOWER (trans_table[i]))
-         trans_table[i] = toupper (trans_table[i]);
-      translation_needed = 1;
-    }
-  else if (conversions_mask & C_LCASE)
-    {
-      for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
-       if (ISUPPER (trans_table[i]))
-         trans_table[i] = tolower (trans_table[i]);
-      translation_needed = 1;
-    }
-
-  if (conversions_mask & C_EBCDIC)
-    {
-      translate_charset (ascii_to_ebcdic);
-      newline_character = ascii_to_ebcdic['\n'];
-      space_character = ascii_to_ebcdic[' '];
-    }
-  else if (conversions_mask & C_IBM)
-    {
-      translate_charset (ascii_to_ibm);
-      newline_character = ascii_to_ibm['\n'];
-      space_character = ascii_to_ibm[' '];
-    }
-}
-
-void
-translate_charset (new_trans)
-     unsigned char *new_trans;
-{
-  int i;
-
-  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
-    trans_table[i] = new_trans[trans_table[i]];
-  translation_needed = 1;
-}

 
 

-/* Return the number of 1 bits in `i'. */
-
-int
-bit_count (i)
-     register unsigned int i;
-{
-  register int set_bits;
-
-  for (set_bits = 0; i != 0; set_bits++)
-    i &= i - 1;
-  return set_bits;
-}
-
-void
-print_stats ()
-{
-  fprintf (stderr, "%u+%u records in\n", r_full, r_partial);
-  fprintf (stderr, "%u+%u records out\n", w_full, w_partial);
-  if (r_truncate > 0)
-    fprintf (stderr, "%u truncated block%s\n", r_truncate,
-            r_truncate == 1 ? "" : "s");
-}
-
-void
-quit (code)
-     int code;
-{
-  int errcode = code ? code : 1;
-  print_stats ();
-  if (close (input_fd) < 0)
-    error (errcode, errno, "%s", input_file);
-  if (close (output_fd) < 0)
-    error (errcode, errno, "%s", output_file);
-  exit (code);
-}
-
-SIGTYPE
-interrupt_handler ()
-{
-  quit (1);
-}
-
-void
-usage (string, arg0, arg1)
-     char *string, *arg0, *arg1;
-{
-  fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
-  fprintf (stderr, string, arg0, arg1);
-  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
-  fprintf (stderr, "\
-Usage: %s [if=file] [of=file] [ibs=bytes] [obs=bytes] [bs=bytes] [cbs=bytes]\n\
-       [skip=blocks] [seek=blocks] [count=blocks]\n\
-       [conv={ascii,ebcdic,ibm,block,unblock,lcase,ucase,swab,noerror,notrunc,\n\
-       sync}]\n\
-Numbers can be followed by a multiplier:\n\
-b=512, k=1024, w=2, xm=number m\n",
-          program_name);
-  exit (1);
-}
-
-void
-error(n,e,s,s1) 
-int n, e, s1;
-char *s;
-{
-  if(e) 
-    fprintf(stderr,"error %d:", e);
-  fprintf(stderr,s, s1);
-  if(n) 
-    exit(n);
+       /* Reassemble the output block. */
+       if (out.dbcnt)
+               memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
+       out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;

 }
 }