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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | ||
3 | POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 | |
4 | ||
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS | |
6 | ||
7 | use POSIX; | |
8 | use POSIX qw(setsid); | |
9 | use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h); | |
10 | ||
11 | printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR; | |
12 | ||
13 | $sess_id = POSIX::setsid(); | |
14 | ||
15 | $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644); | |
16 | # note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle | |
17 | ||
18 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
19 | ||
20 | The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard | |
21 | POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish | |
22 | interfaces. Things which are C<#defines> in C, like EINTR or O_NDELAY, are | |
23 | automatically exported into your namespace. All functions are only exported | |
24 | if you ask for them explicitly. Most likely people will prefer to use the | |
25 | fully-qualified function names. | |
26 | ||
27 | This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the POSIX | |
28 | module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general information on | |
29 | most features. Consult L<perlfunc> for functions which are noted as being | |
30 | identical to Perl's builtin functions. | |
31 | ||
32 | The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specification. | |
33 | The second section describes some classes for signal objects, TTY objects, | |
34 | and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various | |
35 | constants and macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std | |
36 | 1003.1b-1993. | |
37 | ||
38 | =head1 NOTE | |
39 | ||
40 | The POSIX module is probably the most complex Perl module supplied with | |
41 | the standard distribution. It incorporates autoloading, namespace games, | |
42 | and dynamic loading of code that's in Perl, C, or both. It's a great | |
43 | source of wisdom. | |
44 | ||
45 | =head1 CAVEATS | |
46 | ||
47 | A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you | |
48 | attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that they | |
49 | aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent should one | |
50 | exist. For example, trying to access the setjmp() call will elicit the | |
51 | message "setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead". | |
52 | ||
53 | Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact | |
54 | are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test Suites). | |
55 | For example, one vendor may not define EDEADLK, or the semantics of the | |
56 | errno values set by open(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not | |
57 | attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can currently | |
58 | successfully say "use POSIX", and then later in your program you find | |
59 | that your vendor has been lax and there's no usable ICANON macro after | |
60 | all. This could be construed to be a bug. | |
61 | ||
62 | =head1 FUNCTIONS | |
63 | ||
64 | =over 8 | |
65 | ||
66 | =item _exit | |
67 | ||
68 | This is identical to the C function C<_exit()>. It exits the program | |
69 | immediately which means among other things buffered I/O is B<not> flushed. | |
70 | ||
71 | =item abort | |
72 | ||
73 | This is identical to the C function C<abort()>. It terminates the | |
74 | process with a C<SIGABRT> signal unless caught by a signal handler or | |
75 | if the handler does not return normally (it e.g. does a C<longjmp>). | |
76 | ||
77 | =item abs | |
78 | ||
79 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function, returning | |
80 | the absolute value of its numerical argument. | |
81 | ||
82 | =item access | |
83 | ||
84 | Determines the accessibility of a file. | |
85 | ||
86 | if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){ | |
87 | print "have read permission\n"; | |
88 | } | |
89 | ||
90 | Returns C<undef> on failure. Note: do not use C<access()> for | |
91 | security purposes. Between the C<access()> call and the operation | |
92 | you are preparing for the permissions might change: a classic | |
93 | I<race condition>. | |
94 | ||
95 | =item acos | |
96 | ||
97 | This is identical to the C function C<acos()>, returning | |
98 | the arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>. | |
99 | ||
100 | =item alarm | |
101 | ||
102 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<alarm()> function, | |
103 | either for arming or disarming the C<SIGARLM> timer. | |
104 | ||
105 | =item asctime | |
106 | ||
107 | This is identical to the C function C<asctime()>. It returns | |
108 | a string of the form | |
109 | ||
110 | "Fri Jun 2 18:22:13 2000\n\0" | |
111 | ||
112 | and it is called thusly | |
113 | ||
114 | $asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, | |
115 | $wday, $yday, $isdst); | |
116 | ||
117 | The C<$mon> is zero-based: January equals C<0>. The C<$year> is | |
118 | 1900-based: 2001 equals C<101>. The C<$wday>, C<$yday>, and C<$isdst> | |
119 | default to zero (and the first two are usually ignored anyway). | |
120 | ||
121 | =item asin | |
122 | ||
123 | This is identical to the C function C<asin()>, returning | |
124 | the arcus sine of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>. | |
125 | ||
126 | =item assert | |
127 | ||
128 | Unimplemented, but you can use L<perlfunc/die> and the L<Carp> module | |
129 | to achieve similar things. | |
130 | ||
131 | =item atan | |
132 | ||
133 | This is identical to the C function C<atan()>, returning the | |
134 | arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>. | |
135 | ||
136 | =item atan2 | |
137 | ||
138 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<atan2()> function, returning | |
139 | the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical arguments, the I<y> | |
140 | coordinate and the I<x> coordinate. See also L<Math::Trig>. | |
141 | ||
142 | =item atexit | |
143 | ||
144 | atexit() is C-specific: use C<END {}> instead, see L<perlsub>. | |
145 | ||
146 | =item atof | |
147 | ||
148 | atof() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. | |
149 | If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. | |
150 | ||
151 | =item atoi | |
152 | ||
153 | atoi() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. | |
154 | If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. | |
155 | If you need to have just the integer part, see L<perlfunc/int>. | |
156 | ||
157 | =item atol | |
158 | ||
159 | atol() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. | |
160 | If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. | |
161 | If you need to have just the integer part, see L<perlfunc/int>. | |
162 | ||
163 | =item bsearch | |
164 | ||
165 | bsearch() not supplied. For doing binary search on wordlists, | |
166 | see L<Search::Dict>. | |
167 | ||
168 | =item calloc | |
169 | ||
170 | calloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently. | |
171 | ||
172 | =item ceil | |
173 | ||
174 | This is identical to the C function C<ceil()>, returning the smallest | |
175 | integer value greater than or equal to the given numerical argument. | |
176 | ||
177 | =item chdir | |
178 | ||
179 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chdir()> function, allowing | |
180 | one to change the working (default) directory, see L<perlfunc/chdir>. | |
181 | ||
182 | =item chmod | |
183 | ||
184 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chmod()> function, allowing | |
185 | one to change file and directory permissions, see L<perlfunc/chmod>. | |
186 | ||
187 | =item chown | |
188 | ||
189 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chown()> function, allowing one | |
190 | to change file and directory owners and groups, see L<perlfunc/chown>. | |
191 | ||
192 | =item clearerr | |
193 | ||
194 | Use the method C<IO::Handle::clearerr()> instead, to reset the error | |
195 | state (if any) and EOF state (if any) of the given stream. | |
196 | ||
197 | =item clock | |
198 | ||
199 | This is identical to the C function C<clock()>, returning the | |
200 | amount of spent processor time in microseconds. | |
201 | ||
202 | =item close | |
203 | ||
204 | Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling | |
205 | C<POSIX::open>. | |
206 | ||
207 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); | |
208 | POSIX::close( $fd ); | |
209 | ||
210 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
211 | ||
212 | See also L<perlfunc/close>. | |
213 | ||
214 | =item closedir | |
215 | ||
216 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<closedir()> function for closing | |
217 | a directory handle, see L<perlfunc/closedir>. | |
218 | ||
219 | =item cos | |
220 | ||
221 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<cos()> function, for returning | |
222 | the cosine of its numerical argument, see L<perlfunc/cos>. | |
223 | See also L<Math::Trig>. | |
224 | ||
225 | =item cosh | |
226 | ||
227 | This is identical to the C function C<cosh()>, for returning | |
228 | the hyperbolic cosine of its numeric argument. See also L<Math::Trig>. | |
229 | ||
230 | =item creat | |
231 | ||
232 | Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the ones returned by | |
233 | C<POSIX::open>. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file. | |
234 | ||
235 | $fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 ); | |
236 | POSIX::close( $fd ); | |
237 | ||
238 | See also L<perlfunc/sysopen> and its C<O_CREAT> flag. | |
239 | ||
240 | =item ctermid | |
241 | ||
242 | Generates the path name for the controlling terminal. | |
243 | ||
244 | $path = POSIX::ctermid(); | |
245 | ||
246 | =item ctime | |
247 | ||
248 | This is identical to the C function C<ctime()> and equivalent | |
249 | to C<asctime(localtime(...))>, see L</asctime> and L</localtime>. | |
250 | ||
251 | =item cuserid | |
252 | ||
253 | Get the login name of the owner of the current process. | |
254 | ||
255 | $name = POSIX::cuserid(); | |
256 | ||
257 | =item difftime | |
258 | ||
259 | This is identical to the C function C<difftime()>, for returning | |
260 | the time difference (in seconds) between two times (as returned | |
261 | by C<time()>), see L</time>. | |
262 | ||
263 | =item div | |
264 | ||
265 | div() is C-specific, use L<perlfunc/int> on the usual C</> division and | |
266 | the modulus C<%>. | |
267 | ||
268 | =item dup | |
269 | ||
270 | This is similar to the C function C<dup()>, for duplicating a file | |
271 | descriptor. | |
272 | ||
273 | This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling | |
274 | C<POSIX::open>. | |
275 | ||
276 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
277 | ||
278 | =item dup2 | |
279 | ||
280 | This is similar to the C function C<dup2()>, for duplicating a file | |
281 | descriptor to an another known file descriptor. | |
282 | ||
283 | This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling | |
284 | C<POSIX::open>. | |
285 | ||
286 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
287 | ||
288 | =item errno | |
289 | ||
290 | Returns the value of errno. | |
291 | ||
292 | $errno = POSIX::errno(); | |
293 | ||
294 | This identical to the numerical values of the C<$!>, see L<perlvar/$ERRNO>. | |
295 | ||
296 | =item execl | |
297 | ||
298 | execl() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>. | |
299 | ||
300 | =item execle | |
301 | ||
302 | execle() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>. | |
303 | ||
304 | =item execlp | |
305 | ||
306 | execlp() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>. | |
307 | ||
308 | =item execv | |
309 | ||
310 | execv() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>. | |
311 | ||
312 | =item execve | |
313 | ||
314 | execve() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>. | |
315 | ||
316 | =item execvp | |
317 | ||
318 | execvp() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>. | |
319 | ||
320 | =item exit | |
321 | ||
322 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exit()> function for exiting the | |
323 | program, see L<perlfunc/exit>. | |
324 | ||
325 | =item exp | |
326 | ||
327 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exp()> function for | |
328 | returning the exponent (I<e>-based) of the numerical argument, | |
329 | see L<perlfunc/exp>. | |
330 | ||
331 | =item fabs | |
332 | ||
333 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function for returning | |
334 | the absolute value of the numerical argument, see L<perlfunc/abs>. | |
335 | ||
336 | =item fclose | |
337 | ||
338 | Use method C<IO::Handle::close()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/close>. | |
339 | ||
340 | =item fcntl | |
341 | ||
342 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fcntl()> function, | |
343 | see L<perlfunc/fcntl>. | |
344 | ||
345 | =item fdopen | |
346 | ||
347 | Use method C<IO::Handle::new_from_fd()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/open>. | |
348 | ||
349 | =item feof | |
350 | ||
351 | Use method C<IO::Handle::eof()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/eof>. | |
352 | ||
353 | =item ferror | |
354 | ||
355 | Use method C<IO::Handle::error()> instead. | |
356 | ||
357 | =item fflush | |
358 | ||
359 | Use method C<IO::Handle::flush()> instead. | |
360 | See also L<perlvar/$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH>. | |
361 | ||
362 | =item fgetc | |
363 | ||
364 | Use method C<IO::Handle::getc()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/read>. | |
365 | ||
366 | =item fgetpos | |
367 | ||
368 | Use method C<IO::Seekable::getpos()> instead, or see L<L/seek>. | |
369 | ||
370 | =item fgets | |
371 | ||
372 | Use method C<IO::Handle::gets()> instead. Similar to E<lt>E<gt>, also known | |
373 | as L<perlfunc/readline>. | |
374 | ||
375 | =item fileno | |
376 | ||
377 | Use method C<IO::Handle::fileno()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/fileno>. | |
378 | ||
379 | =item floor | |
380 | ||
381 | This is identical to the C function C<floor()>, returning the largest | |
382 | integer value less than or equal to the numerical argument. | |
383 | ||
384 | =item fmod | |
385 | ||
386 | This is identical to the C function C<fmod()>. | |
387 | ||
388 | $r = fmod($x, $y); | |
389 | ||
390 | It returns the remainder C<$r = $x - $n*$y>, where C<$n = trunc($x/$y)>. | |
391 | The C<$r> has the same sign as C<$x> and magnitude (absolute value) | |
392 | less than the magnitude of C<$y>. | |
393 | ||
394 | =item fopen | |
395 | ||
396 | Use method C<IO::File::open()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/open>. | |
397 | ||
398 | =item fork | |
399 | ||
400 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fork()> function | |
401 | for duplicating the current process, see L<perlfunc/fork> | |
402 | and L<perlfork> if you are in Windows. | |
403 | ||
404 | =item fpathconf | |
405 | ||
406 | Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. This | |
407 | uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>. | |
408 | ||
409 | The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable | |
410 | pathname on the filesystem which holds C</tmp/foo>. | |
411 | ||
412 | $fd = POSIX::open( "/tmp/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); | |
413 | $path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX ); | |
414 | ||
415 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
416 | ||
417 | =item fprintf | |
418 | ||
419 | fprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead. | |
420 | ||
421 | =item fputc | |
422 | ||
423 | fputc() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead. | |
424 | ||
425 | =item fputs | |
426 | ||
427 | fputs() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead. | |
428 | ||
429 | =item fread | |
430 | ||
431 | fread() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/read> instead. | |
432 | ||
433 | =item free | |
434 | ||
435 | free() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently. | |
436 | ||
437 | =item freopen | |
438 | ||
439 | freopen() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/open> instead. | |
440 | ||
441 | =item frexp | |
442 | ||
443 | Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number. | |
444 | ||
445 | ($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 ); | |
446 | ||
447 | =item fscanf | |
448 | ||
449 | fscanf() is C-specific, use E<lt>E<gt> and regular expressions instead. | |
450 | ||
451 | =item fseek | |
452 | ||
453 | Use method C<IO::Seekable::seek()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/seek>. | |
454 | ||
455 | =item fsetpos | |
456 | ||
457 | Use method C<IO::Seekable::setpos()> instead, or seek L<perlfunc/seek>. | |
458 | ||
459 | =item fstat | |
460 | ||
461 | Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by | |
462 | calling C<POSIX::open>. The data returned is identical to the data from | |
463 | Perl's builtin C<stat> function. | |
464 | ||
465 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); | |
466 | @stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd ); | |
467 | ||
468 | =item ftell | |
469 | ||
470 | Use method C<IO::Seekable::tell()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/tell>. | |
471 | ||
472 | =item fwrite | |
473 | ||
474 | fwrite() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead. | |
475 | ||
476 | =item getc | |
477 | ||
478 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getc()> function, | |
479 | see L<perlfunc/getc>. | |
480 | ||
481 | =item getchar | |
482 | ||
483 | Returns one character from STDIN. Identical to Perl's C<getc()>, | |
484 | see L<perlfunc/getc>. | |
485 | ||
486 | =item getcwd | |
487 | ||
488 | Returns the name of the current working directory. | |
489 | See also L<Cwd>. | |
490 | ||
491 | =item getegid | |
492 | ||
493 | Returns the effective group identifier. Similar to Perl' s builtin | |
494 | variable C<$(>, see L<perlvar/$EGID>. | |
495 | ||
496 | =item getenv | |
497 | ||
498 | Returns the value of the specified enironment variable. | |
499 | The same information is available through the C<%ENV> array. | |
500 | ||
501 | =item geteuid | |
502 | ||
503 | Returns the effective user identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin C<$E<gt>> | |
504 | variable, see L<perlvar/$EUID>. | |
505 | ||
506 | =item getgid | |
507 | ||
508 | Returns the user's real group identifier. Similar to Perl's builtin | |
509 | variable C<$)>, see L<perlvar/$GID>. | |
510 | ||
511 | =item getgrgid | |
512 | ||
513 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrgid()> function for | |
514 | returning group entries by group identifiers, see | |
515 | L<perlfunc/getgrgid>. | |
516 | ||
517 | =item getgrnam | |
518 | ||
519 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrnam()> function for | |
520 | returning group entries by group names, see L<perlfunc/getgrnam>. | |
521 | ||
522 | =item getgroups | |
523 | ||
524 | Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups. Similar to Perl's | |
525 | builtin variable C<$)>, see L<perlvar/$GID>. | |
526 | ||
527 | =item getlogin | |
528 | ||
529 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getlogin()> function for | |
530 | returning the user name associated with the current session, see | |
531 | L<perlfunc/getlogin>. | |
532 | ||
533 | =item getpgrp | |
534 | ||
535 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpgrp()> function for | |
536 | returning the prcess group identifier of the current process, see | |
537 | L<perlfunc/getpgrp>. | |
538 | ||
539 | =item getpid | |
540 | ||
541 | Returns the process identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin | |
542 | variable C<$$>, see L<perlvar/$PID>. | |
543 | ||
544 | =item getppid | |
545 | ||
546 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getppid()> function for | |
547 | returning the process identifier of the parent process of the current | |
548 | process , see L<perlfunc/getppid>. | |
549 | ||
550 | =item getpwnam | |
551 | ||
552 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwnam()> function for | |
553 | returning user entries by user names, see L<perlfunc/getpwnam>. | |
554 | ||
555 | =item getpwuid | |
556 | ||
557 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwuid()> function for | |
558 | returning user entries by user identifiers, see L<perlfunc/getpwuid>. | |
559 | ||
560 | =item gets | |
561 | ||
562 | Returns one line from C<STDIN>, similar to E<lt>E<gt>, also known | |
563 | as the C<readline()> function, see L<perlfunc/readline>. | |
564 | ||
565 | B<NOTE>: if you have C programs that still use C<gets()>, be very | |
566 | afraid. The C<gets()> function is a source of endless grief because | |
567 | it has no buffer overrun checks. It should B<never> be used. The | |
568 | C<fgets()> function should be preferred instead. | |
569 | ||
570 | =item getuid | |
571 | ||
572 | Returns the user's identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin C<$E<lt>> variable, | |
573 | see L<perlvar/$UID>. | |
574 | ||
575 | =item gmtime | |
576 | ||
577 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<gmtime()> function for | |
578 | converting seconds since the epoch to a date in Greenwich Mean Time, | |
579 | see L<perlfunc/gmtime>. | |
580 | ||
581 | =item isalnum | |
582 | ||
583 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
584 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the | |
585 | C</[[:alnum:]]/> construct instead, or possibly the C</\w/> construct. | |
586 | ||
587 | =item isalpha | |
588 | ||
589 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
590 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the | |
591 | C</[[:alpha:]]/> construct instead. | |
592 | ||
593 | =item isatty | |
594 | ||
595 | Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle is connected | |
596 | to a tty. Similar to the C<-t> operator, see L<perlfunc/-X>. | |
597 | ||
598 | =item iscntrl | |
599 | ||
600 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
601 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the | |
602 | C</[[:cntrl:]]/> construct instead. | |
603 | ||
604 | =item isdigit | |
605 | ||
606 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
607 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the | |
608 | C</[[:digit:]]/> construct instead, or the C</\d/> construct. | |
609 | ||
610 | =item isgraph | |
611 | ||
612 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
613 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the | |
614 | C</[[:graph:]]/> construct instead. | |
615 | ||
616 | =item islower | |
617 | ||
618 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
619 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the | |
620 | C</[[:lower:]]/> construct instead. Do B<not> use C</[a-z]/>. | |
621 | ||
622 | =item isprint | |
623 | ||
624 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
625 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the | |
626 | C</[[:print:]]/> construct instead. | |
627 | ||
628 | =item ispunct | |
629 | ||
630 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
631 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the | |
632 | C</[[:punct:]]/> construct instead. | |
633 | ||
634 | =item isspace | |
635 | ||
636 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
637 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the | |
638 | C</[[:space:]]/> construct instead, or the C</\s/> construct. | |
639 | (Note that C</\s/> and C</[[:space:]]/> are slightly different in that | |
640 | C</[[:space:]]/> can normally match a vertical tab, while C</\s/> does | |
641 | not.) | |
642 | ||
643 | =item isupper | |
644 | ||
645 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
646 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the | |
647 | C</[[:upper:]]/> construct instead. Do B<not> use C</[A-Z]/>. | |
648 | ||
649 | =item isxdigit | |
650 | ||
651 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
652 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the | |
653 | C</[[:xdigit:]]/> construct instead, or simply C</[0-9a-f]/i>. | |
654 | ||
655 | =item kill | |
656 | ||
657 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<kill()> function for sending | |
658 | signals to processes (often to terminate them), see L<perlfunc/kill>. | |
659 | ||
660 | =item labs | |
661 | ||
662 | (For returning absolute values of long integers.) | |
663 | labs() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/abs> instead. | |
664 | ||
665 | =item ldexp | |
666 | ||
667 | This is identical to the C function C<ldexp()> | |
668 | for multiplying floating point numbers with powers of two. | |
669 | ||
670 | $x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2); | |
671 | ||
672 | =item ldiv | |
673 | ||
674 | (For computing dividends of long integers.) | |
675 | ldiv() is C-specific, use C</> and C<int()> instead. | |
676 | ||
677 | =item link | |
678 | ||
679 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<link()> function | |
680 | for creating hard links into files, see L<perlfunc/link>. | |
681 | ||
682 | =item localeconv | |
683 | ||
684 | Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a hash | |
685 | containing the current locale formatting values. | |
686 | ||
687 | Here is how to query the database for the B<de> (Deutsch or German) locale. | |
688 | ||
689 | $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" ); | |
690 | print "Locale = $loc\n"; | |
691 | $lconv = POSIX::localeconv(); | |
692 | print "decimal_point = ", $lconv->{decimal_point}, "\n"; | |
693 | print "thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep}, "\n"; | |
694 | print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping}, "\n"; | |
695 | print "int_curr_symbol = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n"; | |
696 | print "currency_symbol = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n"; | |
697 | print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n"; | |
698 | print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n"; | |
699 | print "mon_grouping = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping}, "\n"; | |
700 | print "positive_sign = ", $lconv->{positive_sign}, "\n"; | |
701 | print "negative_sign = ", $lconv->{negative_sign}, "\n"; | |
702 | print "int_frac_digits = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n"; | |
703 | print "frac_digits = ", $lconv->{frac_digits}, "\n"; | |
704 | print "p_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes}, "\n"; | |
705 | print "p_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space}, "\n"; | |
706 | print "n_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes}, "\n"; | |
707 | print "n_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space}, "\n"; | |
708 | print "p_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn}, "\n"; | |
709 | print "n_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn}, "\n"; | |
710 | ||
711 | =item localtime | |
712 | ||
713 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<localtime()> function for | |
714 | converting seconds since the epoch to a date see L<perlfunc/localtime>. | |
715 | ||
716 | =item log | |
717 | ||
718 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<log()> function, | |
719 | returning the natural (I<e>-based) logarithm of the numerical argument, | |
720 | see L<perlfunc/log>. | |
721 | ||
722 | =item log10 | |
723 | ||
724 | This is identical to the C function C<log10()>, | |
725 | returning the 10-base logarithm of the numerical argument. | |
726 | You can also use | |
727 | ||
728 | sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) } | |
729 | ||
730 | or | |
731 | ||
732 | sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 } | |
733 | ||
734 | or | |
735 | ||
736 | sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 } | |
737 | ||
738 | =item longjmp | |
739 | ||
740 | longjmp() is C-specific: use L<perlfunc/die> instead. | |
741 | ||
742 | =item lseek | |
743 | ||
744 | Move the file's read/write position. This uses file descriptors such as | |
745 | those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>. | |
746 | ||
747 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); | |
748 | $off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET ); | |
749 | ||
750 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
751 | ||
752 | =item malloc | |
753 | ||
754 | malloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently. | |
755 | ||
756 | =item mblen | |
757 | ||
758 | This is identical to the C function C<mblen()>. | |
759 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte | |
760 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather | |
761 | useless function. | |
762 | ||
763 | =item mbstowcs | |
764 | ||
765 | This is identical to the C function C<mbstowcs()>. | |
766 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte | |
767 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather | |
768 | useless function. | |
769 | ||
770 | =item mbtowc | |
771 | ||
772 | This is identical to the C function C<mbtowc()>. | |
773 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte | |
774 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather | |
775 | useless function. | |
776 | ||
777 | =item memchr | |
778 | ||
779 | memchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/index> instead. | |
780 | ||
781 | =item memcmp | |
782 | ||
783 | memcmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> instead, see L<perlop>. | |
784 | ||
785 | =item memcpy | |
786 | ||
787 | memcpy() is C-specific, use C<=>, see L<perlop>, or see L<perlfunc/substr>. | |
788 | ||
789 | =item memmove | |
790 | ||
791 | memmove() is C-specific, use C<=>, see L<perlop>, or see L<perlfunc/substr>. | |
792 | ||
793 | =item memset | |
794 | ||
795 | memset() is C-specific, use C<x> instead, see L<perlop>. | |
796 | ||
797 | =item mkdir | |
798 | ||
799 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<mkdir()> function | |
800 | for creating directories, see L<perlfunc/mkdir>. | |
801 | ||
802 | =item mkfifo | |
803 | ||
804 | This is similar to the C function C<mkfifo()> for creating | |
805 | FIFO special files. | |
806 | ||
807 | if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { .... | |
808 | ||
809 | Returns C<undef> on failure. The C<$mode> is similar to the | |
810 | mode of C<mkdir()>, see L<perlfunc/mkdir>. | |
811 | ||
812 | =item mktime | |
813 | ||
814 | Convert date/time info to a calendar time. | |
815 | ||
816 | Synopsis: | |
817 | ||
818 | mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = 0) | |
819 | ||
820 | The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero. | |
821 | I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The | |
822 | year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the | |
823 | year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<mktime()> manpage for details | |
824 | about these and the other arguments. | |
825 | ||
826 | Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am. | |
827 | ||
828 | $time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 ); | |
829 | print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t); | |
830 | ||
831 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
832 | ||
833 | =item modf | |
834 | ||
835 | Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point number. | |
836 | ||
837 | ($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 ); | |
838 | ||
839 | =item nice | |
840 | ||
841 | This is similar to the C function C<nice()>, for changing | |
842 | the scheduling preference of the current process. Positive | |
843 | arguments mean more polite process, negative values more | |
844 | needy process. Normal user processes can only be more polite. | |
845 | ||
846 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
847 | ||
848 | =item offsetof | |
849 | ||
850 | offsetof() is C-specific, you probably want to see L<perlfunc/pack> instead. | |
851 | ||
852 | =item open | |
853 | ||
854 | Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file descriptors, not | |
855 | Perl filehandles. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file. | |
856 | ||
857 | Open a file read-only with mode 0666. | |
858 | ||
859 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo" ); | |
860 | ||
861 | Open a file for read and write. | |
862 | ||
863 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR ); | |
864 | ||
865 | Open a file for write, with truncation. | |
866 | ||
867 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC ); | |
868 | ||
869 | Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing. | |
870 | ||
871 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 ); | |
872 | ||
873 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
874 | ||
875 | See also L<perlfunc/sysopen>. | |
876 | ||
877 | =item opendir | |
878 | ||
879 | Open a directory for reading. | |
880 | ||
881 | $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/tmp" ); | |
882 | @files = POSIX::readdir( $dir ); | |
883 | POSIX::closedir( $dir ); | |
884 | ||
885 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
886 | ||
887 | =item pathconf | |
888 | ||
889 | Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. | |
890 | ||
891 | The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable | |
892 | pathname on the filesystem which holds C</tmp>. | |
893 | ||
894 | $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/tmp", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX ); | |
895 | ||
896 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
897 | ||
898 | =item pause | |
899 | ||
900 | This is similar to the C function C<pause()>, which suspends | |
901 | the execution of the current process until a signal is received. | |
902 | ||
903 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
904 | ||
905 | =item perror | |
906 | ||
907 | This is identical to the C function C<perror()>, which outputs to the | |
908 | standard error stream the specified message followed by ": " and the | |
909 | current error string. Use the C<warn()> function and the C<$!> | |
910 | variable instead, see L<perlfunc/warn> and L<perlvar/$ERRNO>. | |
911 | ||
912 | =item pipe | |
913 | ||
914 | Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors like those | |
915 | returned by C<POSIX::open>. | |
916 | ||
917 | ($fd0, $fd1) = POSIX::pipe(); | |
918 | POSIX::write( $fd0, "hello", 5 ); | |
919 | POSIX::read( $fd1, $buf, 5 ); | |
920 | ||
921 | See also L<perlfunc/pipe>. | |
922 | ||
923 | =item pow | |
924 | ||
925 | Computes C<$x> raised to the power C<$exponent>. | |
926 | ||
927 | $ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent ); | |
928 | ||
929 | You can also use the C<**> operator, see L<perlop>. | |
930 | ||
931 | =item printf | |
932 | ||
933 | Formats and prints the specified arguments to STDOUT. | |
934 | See also L<perlfunc/printf>. | |
935 | ||
936 | =item putc | |
937 | ||
938 | putc() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead. | |
939 | ||
940 | =item putchar | |
941 | ||
942 | putchar() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead. | |
943 | ||
944 | =item puts | |
945 | ||
946 | puts() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead. | |
947 | ||
948 | =item qsort | |
949 | ||
950 | qsort() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/sort> instead. | |
951 | ||
952 | =item raise | |
953 | ||
954 | Sends the specified signal to the current process. | |
955 | See also L<perlfunc/kill> and the C<$$> in L<perlvar/$PID>. | |
956 | ||
957 | =item rand | |
958 | ||
959 | C<rand()> is non-portable, see L<perlfunc/rand> instead. | |
960 | ||
961 | =item read | |
962 | ||
963 | Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by | |
964 | calling C<POSIX::open>. If the buffer C<$buf> is not large enough for the | |
965 | read then Perl will extend it to make room for the request. | |
966 | ||
967 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); | |
968 | $bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 ); | |
969 | ||
970 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
971 | ||
972 | See also L<perlfunc/sysread>. | |
973 | ||
974 | =item readdir | |
975 | ||
976 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<readdir()> function | |
977 | for reading directory entries, see L<perlfunc/readdir>. | |
978 | ||
979 | =item realloc | |
980 | ||
981 | realloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently. | |
982 | ||
983 | =item remove | |
984 | ||
985 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function | |
986 | for removing files, see L<perlfunc/unlink>. | |
987 | ||
988 | =item rename | |
989 | ||
990 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rename()> function | |
991 | for renaming files, see L<perlfunc/rename>. | |
992 | ||
993 | =item rewind | |
994 | ||
995 | Seeks to the beginning of the file. | |
996 | ||
997 | =item rewinddir | |
998 | ||
999 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rewinddir()> function for | |
1000 | rewinding directory entry streams, see L<perlfunc/rewinddir>. | |
1001 | ||
1002 | =item rmdir | |
1003 | ||
1004 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rmdir()> function | |
1005 | for removing (empty) directories, see L<perlfunc/rmdir>. | |
1006 | ||
1007 | =item scanf | |
1008 | ||
1009 | scanf() is C-specific, use E<lt>E<gt> and regular expressions instead, | |
1010 | see L<perlre>. | |
1011 | ||
1012 | =item setgid | |
1013 | ||
1014 | Sets the real group identifier and the effective group identifier for | |
1015 | this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin | |
1016 | C<$)> variable, see L<perlvar/$GID>, except that the latter | |
1017 | will change only the real user identifier, and that the setgid() | |
1018 | uses only a single numeric argument, as opposed to a space-separated | |
1019 | list of numbers. | |
1020 | ||
1021 | =item setjmp | |
1022 | ||
1023 | C<setjmp()> is C-specific: use C<eval {}> instead, | |
1024 | see L<perlfunc/eval>. | |
1025 | ||
1026 | =item setlocale | |
1027 | ||
1028 | Modifies and queries program's locale. The following examples assume | |
1029 | ||
1030 | use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE); | |
1031 | ||
1032 | has been issued. | |
1033 | ||
1034 | The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale behavior | |
1035 | (the second argument C<"C">). | |
1036 | ||
1037 | $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" ); | |
1038 | ||
1039 | The following will query the current LC_CTYPE category. (No second | |
1040 | argument means 'query'.) | |
1041 | ||
1042 | $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE ); | |
1043 | ||
1044 | The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour according to the locale | |
1045 | environment variables (the second argument C<"">). | |
1046 | Please see your systems C<setlocale(3)> documentation for the locale | |
1047 | environment variables' meaning or consult L<perllocale>. | |
1048 | ||
1049 | $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" ); | |
1050 | ||
1051 | The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to Argentinian | |
1052 | Spanish. B<NOTE>: The naming and availability of locales depends on | |
1053 | your operating system. Please consult L<perllocale> for how to find | |
1054 | out which locales are available in your system. | |
1055 | ||
1056 | $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" ); | |
1057 | ||
1058 | =item setpgid | |
1059 | ||
1060 | This is similar to the C function C<setpgid()> for | |
1061 | setting the process group identifier of the current process. | |
1062 | ||
1063 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1064 | ||
1065 | =item setsid | |
1066 | ||
1067 | This is identical to the C function C<setsid()> for | |
1068 | setting the session identifier of the current process. | |
1069 | ||
1070 | =item setuid | |
1071 | ||
1072 | Sets the real user identifier and the effective user identifier for | |
1073 | this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin | |
1074 | C<$E<lt>> variable, see L<perlvar/$UID>, except that the latter | |
1075 | will change only the real user identifier. | |
1076 | ||
1077 | =item sigaction | |
1078 | ||
1079 | Detailed signal management. This uses C<POSIX::SigAction> objects for the | |
1080 | C<action> and C<oldaction> arguments. Consult your system's C<sigaction> | |
1081 | manpage for details. | |
1082 | ||
1083 | Synopsis: | |
1084 | ||
1085 | sigaction(sig, action, oldaction = 0) | |
1086 | ||
1087 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1088 | ||
1089 | =item siglongjmp | |
1090 | ||
1091 | siglongjmp() is C-specific: use L<perlfunc/die> instead. | |
1092 | ||
1093 | =item sigpending | |
1094 | ||
1095 | Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses C<POSIX::SigSet> | |
1096 | objects for the C<sigset> argument. Consult your system's C<sigpending> | |
1097 | manpage for details. | |
1098 | ||
1099 | Synopsis: | |
1100 | ||
1101 | sigpending(sigset) | |
1102 | ||
1103 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1104 | ||
1105 | =item sigprocmask | |
1106 | ||
1107 | Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This uses | |
1108 | C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<sigset> and C<oldsigset> arguments. | |
1109 | Consult your system's C<sigprocmask> manpage for details. | |
1110 | ||
1111 | Synopsis: | |
1112 | ||
1113 | sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0) | |
1114 | ||
1115 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1116 | ||
1117 | =item sigsetjmp | |
1118 | ||
1119 | C<sigsetjmp()> is C-specific: use C<eval {}> instead, | |
1120 | see L<perlfunc/eval>. | |
1121 | ||
1122 | =item sigsuspend | |
1123 | ||
1124 | Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives. This uses | |
1125 | C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<signal_mask> argument. Consult your | |
1126 | system's C<sigsuspend> manpage for details. | |
1127 | ||
1128 | Synopsis: | |
1129 | ||
1130 | sigsuspend(signal_mask) | |
1131 | ||
1132 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1133 | ||
1134 | =item sin | |
1135 | ||
1136 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sin()> function | |
1137 | for returning the sine of the numerical argument, | |
1138 | see L<perlfunc/sin>. See also L<Math::Trig>. | |
1139 | ||
1140 | =item sinh | |
1141 | ||
1142 | This is identical to the C function C<sinh()> | |
1143 | for returning the hyperbolic sine of the numerical argument. | |
1144 | See also L<Math::Trig>. | |
1145 | ||
1146 | =item sleep | |
1147 | ||
1148 | This is functionally identical to Perl's builtin C<sleep()> function | |
1149 | for suspending the execution of the current for process for certain | |
1150 | number of seconds, see L<perlfunc/sleep>. There is one signifanct | |
1151 | difference, however: C<POSIX::sleep()> returns the number of | |
1152 | B<unslept> seconds, while the C<CORE::sleep()> returns the | |
1153 | number of slept seconds. | |
1154 | ||
1155 | =item sprintf | |
1156 | ||
1157 | This is similar to Perl's builtin C<sprintf()> function | |
1158 | for returning a string that has the arguments formatted as requested, | |
1159 | see L<perlfunc/sprintf>. | |
1160 | ||
1161 | =item sqrt | |
1162 | ||
1163 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sqrt()> function. | |
1164 | for returning the square root of the numerical argument, | |
1165 | see L<perlfunc/sqrt>. | |
1166 | ||
1167 | =item srand | |
1168 | ||
1169 | Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see L<perlfunc/srand>. | |
1170 | ||
1171 | =item sscanf | |
1172 | ||
1173 | sscanf() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, | |
1174 | see L<perlre>. | |
1175 | ||
1176 | =item stat | |
1177 | ||
1178 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<stat()> function | |
1179 | for retutning information about files and directories. | |
1180 | ||
1181 | =item strcat | |
1182 | ||
1183 | strcat() is C-specific, use C<.=> instead, see L<perlop>. | |
1184 | ||
1185 | =item strchr | |
1186 | ||
1187 | strchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/index> instead. | |
1188 | ||
1189 | =item strcmp | |
1190 | ||
1191 | strcmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> or C<cmp> instead, see L<perlop>. | |
1192 | ||
1193 | =item strcoll | |
1194 | ||
1195 | This is identical to the C function C<strcoll()> | |
1196 | for collating (comparing) strings transformed using | |
1197 | the C<strxfrm()> function. Not really needed since | |
1198 | Perl can do this transparently, see L<perllocale>. | |
1199 | ||
1200 | =item strcpy | |
1201 | ||
1202 | strcpy() is C-specific, use C<=> instead, see L<perlop>. | |
1203 | ||
1204 | =item strcspn | |
1205 | ||
1206 | strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, | |
1207 | see L<perlre>. | |
1208 | ||
1209 | =item strerror | |
1210 | ||
1211 | Returns the error string for the specified errno. | |
1212 | Identical to the string form of the C<$!>, see L<perlvar/$ERRNO>. | |
1213 | ||
1214 | =item strftime | |
1215 | ||
1216 | Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string. | |
1217 | ||
1218 | Synopsis: | |
1219 | ||
1220 | strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1) | |
1221 | ||
1222 | The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero. | |
1223 | I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The | |
1224 | year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e., the year 1995 is 95; the | |
1225 | year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<strftime()> manpage for details | |
1226 | about these and the other arguments. | |
1227 | If you want your code to be portable, your format (C<fmt>) argument | |
1228 | should use only the conversion specifiers defined by the ANSI C | |
1229 | standard. These are C<aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%>. | |
1230 | The given arguments are made consistent | |
1231 | as though by calling C<mktime()> before calling your system's | |
1232 | C<strftime()> function, except that the C<isdst> value is not affected. | |
1233 | ||
1234 | The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995. | |
1235 | ||
1236 | $str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 ); | |
1237 | print "$str\n"; | |
1238 | ||
1239 | =item strlen | |
1240 | ||
1241 | strlen() is C-specific, use C<length()> instead, see L<perlfunc/length>. | |
1242 | ||
1243 | =item strncat | |
1244 | ||
1245 | strncat() is C-specific, use C<.=> instead, see L<perlop>. | |
1246 | ||
1247 | =item strncmp | |
1248 | ||
1249 | strncmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> instead, see L<perlop>. | |
1250 | ||
1251 | =item strncpy | |
1252 | ||
1253 | strncpy() is C-specific, use C<=> instead, see L<perlop>. | |
1254 | ||
1255 | =item strpbrk | |
1256 | ||
1257 | strpbrk() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, | |
1258 | see L<perlre>. | |
1259 | ||
1260 | =item strrchr | |
1261 | ||
1262 | strrchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/rindex> instead. | |
1263 | ||
1264 | =item strspn | |
1265 | ||
1266 | strspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, | |
1267 | see L<perlre>. | |
1268 | ||
1269 | =item strstr | |
1270 | ||
1271 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<index()> function, | |
1272 | see L<perlfunc/index>. | |
1273 | ||
1274 | =item strtod | |
1275 | ||
1276 | String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the number | |
1277 | of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly | |
1278 | POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation | |
1279 | error, so clear $! before calling strtod. However, non-POSIX systems | |
1280 | may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!. | |
1281 | ||
1282 | strtod should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings. | |
1283 | ||
1284 | To parse a string $str as a floating point number use | |
1285 | ||
1286 | $! = 0; | |
1287 | ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str); | |
1288 | ||
1289 | The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input: | |
1290 | ||
1291 | if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) { | |
1292 | die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n"; | |
1293 | } | |
1294 | ||
1295 | When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed number. | |
1296 | ||
1297 | =item strtok | |
1298 | ||
1299 | strtok() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see | |
1300 | L<perlre>, or L<perlfunc/split>. | |
1301 | ||
1302 | =item strtol | |
1303 | ||
1304 | String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed number and | |
1305 | the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly | |
1306 | POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation | |
1307 | error, so clear $! before calling strtol. However, non-POSIX systems | |
1308 | may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!. | |
1309 | ||
1310 | strtol should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings. | |
1311 | ||
1312 | To parse a string $str as a number in some base $base use | |
1313 | ||
1314 | $! = 0; | |
1315 | ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base); | |
1316 | ||
1317 | The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When the base | |
1318 | is zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself to determine the | |
1319 | base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a leading "0" means | |
1320 | octal; any other leading characters mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is | |
1321 | parsed as a decimal number, "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234" | |
1322 | as a hexadecimal number. | |
1323 | ||
1324 | The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input: | |
1325 | ||
1326 | if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) { | |
1327 | die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n"; | |
1328 | } | |
1329 | ||
1330 | When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed number. | |
1331 | ||
1332 | =item strtoul | |
1333 | ||
1334 | String to unsigned (long) integer translation. strtoul() is identical | |
1335 | to strtol() except that strtoul() only parses unsigned integers. See | |
1336 | L</strtol> for details. | |
1337 | ||
1338 | Note: Some vendors supply strtod() and strtol() but not strtoul(). | |
1339 | Other vendors that do supply strtoul() parse "-1" as a valid value. | |
1340 | ||
1341 | =item strxfrm | |
1342 | ||
1343 | String transformation. Returns the transformed string. | |
1344 | ||
1345 | $dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src ); | |
1346 | ||
1347 | Used in conjunction with the C<strcoll()> function, see L</strcoll>. | |
1348 | ||
1349 | Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see | |
1350 | L<perllocale>. | |
1351 | ||
1352 | =item sysconf | |
1353 | ||
1354 | Retrieves values of system configurable variables. | |
1355 | ||
1356 | The following will get the machine's clock speed. | |
1357 | ||
1358 | $clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK ); | |
1359 | ||
1360 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1361 | ||
1362 | =item system | |
1363 | ||
1364 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<system()> function, see | |
1365 | L<perlfunc/system>. | |
1366 | ||
1367 | =item tan | |
1368 | ||
1369 | This is identical to the C function C<tan()>, returning the | |
1370 | tangent of the numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>. | |
1371 | ||
1372 | =item tanh | |
1373 | ||
1374 | This is identical to the C function C<tanh()>, returning the | |
1375 | hyperbolic tangent of the numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>. | |
1376 | ||
1377 | =item tcdrain | |
1378 | ||
1379 | This is similar to the C function C<tcdrain()> for draining | |
1380 | the output queue of its argument stream. | |
1381 | ||
1382 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1383 | ||
1384 | =item tcflow | |
1385 | ||
1386 | This is similar to the C function C<tcflow()> for controlling | |
1387 | the flow of its argument stream. | |
1388 | ||
1389 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1390 | ||
1391 | =item tcflush | |
1392 | ||
1393 | This is similar to the C function C<tcflush()> for flushing | |
1394 | the I/O buffers of its argumeny stream. | |
1395 | ||
1396 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1397 | ||
1398 | =item tcgetpgrp | |
1399 | ||
1400 | This is identical to the C function C<tcgetpgrp()> for returning the | |
1401 | process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling | |
1402 | terminal. | |
1403 | ||
1404 | =item tcsendbreak | |
1405 | ||
1406 | This is similar to the C function C<tcsendbreak()> for sending | |
1407 | a break on its argument stream. | |
1408 | ||
1409 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1410 | ||
1411 | =item tcsetpgrp | |
1412 | ||
1413 | This is similar to the C function C<tcsetpgrp()> for setting the | |
1414 | process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling | |
1415 | terminal. | |
1416 | ||
1417 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1418 | ||
1419 | =item time | |
1420 | ||
1421 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<time()> function | |
1422 | for returning the number of seconds since the epoch | |
1423 | (whatever it is for the system), see L<perlfunc/time>. | |
1424 | ||
1425 | =item times | |
1426 | ||
1427 | The times() function returns elapsed realtime since some point in the past | |
1428 | (such as system startup), user and system times for this process, and user | |
1429 | and system times used by child processes. All times are returned in clock | |
1430 | ticks. | |
1431 | ||
1432 | ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times(); | |
1433 | ||
1434 | Note: Perl's builtin C<times()> function returns four values, measured in | |
1435 | seconds. | |
1436 | ||
1437 | =item tmpfile | |
1438 | ||
1439 | Use method C<IO::File::new_tmpfile()> instead, or see L<File::Temp>. | |
1440 | ||
1441 | =item tmpnam | |
1442 | ||
1443 | Returns a name for a temporary file. | |
1444 | ||
1445 | $tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam(); | |
1446 | ||
1447 | For security reasons, which are probably detailed in your system's | |
1448 | documentation for the C library tmpnam() function, this interface | |
1449 | should not be used; instead see L<File::Temp>. | |
1450 | ||
1451 | =item tolower | |
1452 | ||
1453 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
1454 | character or to a whole string. Consider using the C<lc()> function, | |
1455 | see L<perlfunc/lc>, or the equivalent C<\L> operator inside doublequotish | |
1456 | strings. | |
1457 | ||
1458 | =item toupper | |
1459 | ||
1460 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single | |
1461 | character or to a whole string. Consider using the C<uc()> function, | |
1462 | see L<perlfunc/uc>, or the equivalent C<\U> operator inside doublequotish | |
1463 | strings. | |
1464 | ||
1465 | =item ttyname | |
1466 | ||
1467 | This is identical to the C function C<ttyname()> for returning the | |
1468 | name of the current terminal. | |
1469 | ||
1470 | =item tzname | |
1471 | ||
1472 | Retrieves the time conversion information from the C<tzname> variable. | |
1473 | ||
1474 | POSIX::tzset(); | |
1475 | ($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname(); | |
1476 | ||
1477 | =item tzset | |
1478 | ||
1479 | This is identical to the C function C<tzset()> for setting | |
1480 | the current timezone based on the environment variable C<TZ>, | |
1481 | to be used by C<ctime()>, C<localtime()>, C<mktime()>, and C<strftime()> | |
1482 | functions. | |
1483 | ||
1484 | =item umask | |
1485 | ||
1486 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<umask()> function | |
1487 | for setting (and querying) the file creation permission mask, | |
1488 | see L<perlfunc/umask>. | |
1489 | ||
1490 | =item uname | |
1491 | ||
1492 | Get name of current operating system. | |
1493 | ||
1494 | ($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine) = POSIX::uname(); | |
1495 | ||
1496 | Note that the actual meanings of the various fields are not | |
1497 | that well standardized, do not expect any great portability. | |
1498 | The C<$sysname> might be the name of the operating system, | |
1499 | the C<$nodename> might be the name of the host, the C<$release> | |
1500 | might be the (major) release number of the operating system, | |
1501 | the C<$version> might be the (minor) release number of the | |
1502 | operating system, and the C<$machine> might be a hardware identifier. | |
1503 | Maybe. | |
1504 | ||
1505 | =item ungetc | |
1506 | ||
1507 | Use method C<IO::Handle::ungetc()> instead. | |
1508 | ||
1509 | =item unlink | |
1510 | ||
1511 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function | |
1512 | for removing files, see L<perlfunc/unlink>. | |
1513 | ||
1514 | =item utime | |
1515 | ||
1516 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<utime()> function | |
1517 | for changing the time stamps of files and directories, | |
1518 | see L<perlfunc/utime>. | |
1519 | ||
1520 | =item vfprintf | |
1521 | ||
1522 | vfprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead. | |
1523 | ||
1524 | =item vprintf | |
1525 | ||
1526 | vprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead. | |
1527 | ||
1528 | =item vsprintf | |
1529 | ||
1530 | vsprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/sprintf> instead. | |
1531 | ||
1532 | =item wait | |
1533 | ||
1534 | This is identical to Perl's builtin C<wait()> function, | |
1535 | see L<perlfunc/wait>. | |
1536 | ||
1537 | =item waitpid | |
1538 | ||
1539 | Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to Perl's | |
1540 | builtin C<waitpid()> function, see L<perlfunc/waitpid>. | |
1541 | ||
1542 | $pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, POSIX::WNOHANG ); | |
1543 | print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n"; | |
1544 | ||
1545 | =item wcstombs | |
1546 | ||
1547 | This is identical to the C function C<wcstombs()>. | |
1548 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte | |
1549 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather | |
1550 | useless function. | |
1551 | ||
1552 | =item wctomb | |
1553 | ||
1554 | This is identical to the C function C<wctomb()>. | |
1555 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte | |
1556 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather | |
1557 | useless function. | |
1558 | ||
1559 | =item write | |
1560 | ||
1561 | Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by | |
1562 | calling C<POSIX::open>. | |
1563 | ||
1564 | $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY ); | |
1565 | $buf = "hello"; | |
1566 | $bytes = POSIX::write( $b, $buf, 5 ); | |
1567 | ||
1568 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1569 | ||
1570 | See also L<perlfunc/syswrite>. | |
1571 | ||
1572 | =back | |
1573 | ||
1574 | =head1 CLASSES | |
1575 | ||
1576 | =head2 POSIX::SigAction | |
1577 | ||
1578 | =over 8 | |
1579 | ||
1580 | =item new | |
1581 | ||
1582 | Creates a new C<POSIX::SigAction> object which corresponds to the C | |
1583 | C<struct sigaction>. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is | |
1584 | no longer needed. The first parameter is the fully-qualified name of a sub | |
1585 | which is a signal-handler. The second parameter is a C<POSIX::SigSet> | |
1586 | object, it defaults to the empty set. The third parameter contains the | |
1587 | C<sa_flags>, it defaults to 0. | |
1588 | ||
1589 | $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT); | |
1590 | $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( 'main::handler', $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP ); | |
1591 | ||
1592 | This C<POSIX::SigAction> object should be used with the C<POSIX::sigaction()> | |
1593 | function. | |
1594 | ||
1595 | =back | |
1596 | ||
1597 | =head2 POSIX::SigSet | |
1598 | ||
1599 | =over 8 | |
1600 | ||
1601 | =item new | |
1602 | ||
1603 | Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed automatically | |
1604 | when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize the | |
1605 | set. | |
1606 | ||
1607 | Create an empty set. | |
1608 | ||
1609 | $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new; | |
1610 | ||
1611 | Create a set with SIGUSR1. | |
1612 | ||
1613 | $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ); | |
1614 | ||
1615 | =item addset | |
1616 | ||
1617 | Add a signal to a SigSet object. | |
1618 | ||
1619 | $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 ); | |
1620 | ||
1621 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1622 | ||
1623 | =item delset | |
1624 | ||
1625 | Remove a signal from the SigSet object. | |
1626 | ||
1627 | $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 ); | |
1628 | ||
1629 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1630 | ||
1631 | =item emptyset | |
1632 | ||
1633 | Initialize the SigSet object to be empty. | |
1634 | ||
1635 | $sigset->emptyset(); | |
1636 | ||
1637 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1638 | ||
1639 | =item fillset | |
1640 | ||
1641 | Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals. | |
1642 | ||
1643 | $sigset->fillset(); | |
1644 | ||
1645 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1646 | ||
1647 | =item ismember | |
1648 | ||
1649 | Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific signal. | |
1650 | ||
1651 | if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){ | |
1652 | print "contains SIGUSR1\n"; | |
1653 | } | |
1654 | ||
1655 | =back | |
1656 | ||
1657 | =head2 POSIX::Termios | |
1658 | ||
1659 | =over 8 | |
1660 | ||
1661 | =item new | |
1662 | ||
1663 | Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed automatically | |
1664 | when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to the termios | |
1665 | C struct. new() mallocs a new one, getattr() fills it from a file descriptor, | |
1666 | and setattr() sets a file descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents. | |
1667 | ||
1668 | $termios = POSIX::Termios->new; | |
1669 | ||
1670 | =item getattr | |
1671 | ||
1672 | Get terminal control attributes. | |
1673 | ||
1674 | Obtain the attributes for stdin. | |
1675 | ||
1676 | $termios->getattr() | |
1677 | ||
1678 | Obtain the attributes for stdout. | |
1679 | ||
1680 | $termios->getattr( 1 ) | |
1681 | ||
1682 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1683 | ||
1684 | =item getcc | |
1685 | ||
1686 | Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is | |
1687 | an array so an index must be specified. | |
1688 | ||
1689 | $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1); | |
1690 | ||
1691 | =item getcflag | |
1692 | ||
1693 | Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object. | |
1694 | ||
1695 | $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag; | |
1696 | ||
1697 | =item getiflag | |
1698 | ||
1699 | Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object. | |
1700 | ||
1701 | $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag; | |
1702 | ||
1703 | =item getispeed | |
1704 | ||
1705 | Retrieve the input baud rate. | |
1706 | ||
1707 | $ispeed = $termios->getispeed; | |
1708 | ||
1709 | =item getlflag | |
1710 | ||
1711 | Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object. | |
1712 | ||
1713 | $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag; | |
1714 | ||
1715 | =item getoflag | |
1716 | ||
1717 | Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object. | |
1718 | ||
1719 | $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag; | |
1720 | ||
1721 | =item getospeed | |
1722 | ||
1723 | Retrieve the output baud rate. | |
1724 | ||
1725 | $ospeed = $termios->getospeed; | |
1726 | ||
1727 | =item setattr | |
1728 | ||
1729 | Set terminal control attributes. | |
1730 | ||
1731 | Set attributes immediately for stdout. | |
1732 | ||
1733 | $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW ); | |
1734 | ||
1735 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1736 | ||
1737 | =item setcc | |
1738 | ||
1739 | Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an | |
1740 | array so an index must be specified. | |
1741 | ||
1742 | $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 ); | |
1743 | ||
1744 | =item setcflag | |
1745 | ||
1746 | Set the c_cflag field of a termios object. | |
1747 | ||
1748 | $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL ); | |
1749 | ||
1750 | =item setiflag | |
1751 | ||
1752 | Set the c_iflag field of a termios object. | |
1753 | ||
1754 | $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT ); | |
1755 | ||
1756 | =item setispeed | |
1757 | ||
1758 | Set the input baud rate. | |
1759 | ||
1760 | $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 ); | |
1761 | ||
1762 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1763 | ||
1764 | =item setlflag | |
1765 | ||
1766 | Set the c_lflag field of a termios object. | |
1767 | ||
1768 | $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO ); | |
1769 | ||
1770 | =item setoflag | |
1771 | ||
1772 | Set the c_oflag field of a termios object. | |
1773 | ||
1774 | $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST ); | |
1775 | ||
1776 | =item setospeed | |
1777 | ||
1778 | Set the output baud rate. | |
1779 | ||
1780 | $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 ); | |
1781 | ||
1782 | Returns C<undef> on failure. | |
1783 | ||
1784 | =item Baud rate values | |
1785 | ||
1786 | B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200 B9600 B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110 | |
1787 | ||
1788 | =item Terminal interface values | |
1789 | ||
1790 | TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION TCIFLUSH TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF | |
1791 | ||
1792 | =item c_cc field values | |
1793 | ||
1794 | VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART VSTOP VMIN VTIME NCCS | |
1795 | ||
1796 | =item c_cflag field values | |
1797 | ||
1798 | CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL PARENB PARODD | |
1799 | ||
1800 | =item c_iflag field values | |
1801 | ||
1802 | BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK ISTRIP IXOFF IXON PARMRK | |
1803 | ||
1804 | =item c_lflag field values | |
1805 | ||
1806 | ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH TOSTOP | |
1807 | ||
1808 | =item c_oflag field values | |
1809 | ||
1810 | OPOST | |
1811 | ||
1812 | =back | |
1813 | ||
1814 | =head1 PATHNAME CONSTANTS | |
1815 | ||
1816 | =over 8 | |
1817 | ||
1818 | =item Constants | |
1819 | ||
1820 | _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON _PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDISABLE | |
1821 | ||
1822 | =back | |
1823 | ||
1824 | =head1 POSIX CONSTANTS | |
1825 | ||
1826 | =over 8 | |
1827 | ||
1828 | =item Constants | |
1829 | ||
1830 | _POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT _POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC _POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_STREAM_MAX _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION | |
1831 | ||
1832 | =back | |
1833 | ||
1834 | =head1 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION | |
1835 | ||
1836 | =over 8 | |
1837 | ||
1838 | =item Constants | |
1839 | ||
1840 | _SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CONTROL _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_PAGESIZE _SC_SAVED_IDS _SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION | |
1841 | ||
1842 | =back | |
1843 | ||
1844 | =head1 ERRNO | |
1845 | ||
1846 | =over 8 | |
1847 | ||
1848 | =item Constants | |
1849 | ||
1850 | E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT EAGAIN EALREADY EBADF | |
1851 | EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET EDEADLK EDESTADDRREQ | |
1852 | EDOM EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN EHOSTUNREACH EINPROGRESS EINTR | |
1853 | EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE ENAMETOOLONG | |
1854 | ENETDOWN ENETRESET ENETUNREACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT ENOEXEC | |
1855 | ENOLCK ENOMEM ENOPROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR | |
1856 | ENOTEMPTY ENOTSOCK ENOTTY ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE | |
1857 | EPROCLIM EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART EROFS | |
1858 | ESHUTDOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH ESTALE ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS | |
1859 | ETXTBSY EUSERS EWOULDBLOCK EXDEV | |
1860 | ||
1861 | =back | |
1862 | ||
1863 | =head1 FCNTL | |
1864 | ||
1865 | =over 8 | |
1866 | ||
1867 | =item Constants | |
1868 | ||
1869 | FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK F_RDLCK F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY | |
1870 | ||
1871 | =back | |
1872 | ||
1873 | =head1 FLOAT | |
1874 | ||
1875 | =over 8 | |
1876 | ||
1877 | =item Constants | |
1878 | ||
1879 | DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX DBL_MAX_10_EXP DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG FLT_EPSILON FLT_MANT_DIG FLT_MAX FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP FLT_MIN FLT_MIN_10_EXP FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS LDBL_DIG LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG LDBL_MAX LDBL_MAX_10_EXP LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN LDBL_MIN_10_EXP LDBL_MIN_EXP | |
1880 | ||
1881 | =back | |
1882 | ||
1883 | =head1 LIMITS | |
1884 | ||
1885 | =over 8 | |
1886 | ||
1887 | =item Constants | |
1888 | ||
1889 | ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX INT_MAX INT_MIN LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN MAX_CANON MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX NAME_MAX NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX TZNAME_MAX UCHAR_MAX UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX USHRT_MAX | |
1890 | ||
1891 | =back | |
1892 | ||
1893 | =head1 LOCALE | |
1894 | ||
1895 | =over 8 | |
1896 | ||
1897 | =item Constants | |
1898 | ||
1899 | LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME | |
1900 | ||
1901 | =back | |
1902 | ||
1903 | =head1 MATH | |
1904 | ||
1905 | =over 8 | |
1906 | ||
1907 | =item Constants | |
1908 | ||
1909 | HUGE_VAL | |
1910 | ||
1911 | =back | |
1912 | ||
1913 | =head1 SIGNAL | |
1914 | ||
1915 | =over 8 | |
1916 | ||
1917 | =item Constants | |
1918 | ||
1919 | SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK SA_RESETHAND SA_RESTART | |
1920 | SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT | |
1921 | SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP SIGTERM SIGTSTP SIGTTIN SIGTTOU | |
1922 | SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN SIG_SETMASK | |
1923 | SIG_UNBLOCK | |
1924 | ||
1925 | =back | |
1926 | ||
1927 | =head1 STAT | |
1928 | ||
1929 | =over 8 | |
1930 | ||
1931 | =item Constants | |
1932 | ||
1933 | S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU S_ISGID S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP S_IXOTH S_IXUSR | |
1934 | ||
1935 | =item Macros | |
1936 | ||
1937 | S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG | |
1938 | ||
1939 | =back | |
1940 | ||
1941 | =head1 STDLIB | |
1942 | ||
1943 | =over 8 | |
1944 | ||
1945 | =item Constants | |
1946 | ||
1947 | EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX | |
1948 | ||
1949 | =back | |
1950 | ||
1951 | =head1 STDIO | |
1952 | ||
1953 | =over 8 | |
1954 | ||
1955 | =item Constants | |
1956 | ||
1957 | BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmpname TMP_MAX | |
1958 | ||
1959 | =back | |
1960 | ||
1961 | =head1 TIME | |
1962 | ||
1963 | =over 8 | |
1964 | ||
1965 | =item Constants | |
1966 | ||
1967 | CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC | |
1968 | ||
1969 | =back | |
1970 | ||
1971 | =head1 UNISTD | |
1972 | ||
1973 | =over 8 | |
1974 | ||
1975 | =item Constants | |
1976 | ||
1977 | R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO STDOUT_FILENO STDERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK | |
1978 | ||
1979 | =back | |
1980 | ||
1981 | =head1 WAIT | |
1982 | ||
1983 | =over 8 | |
1984 | ||
1985 | =item Constants | |
1986 | ||
1987 | WNOHANG WUNTRACED | |
1988 | ||
1989 | =over 16 | |
1990 | ||
1991 | =item WNOHANG | |
1992 | ||
1993 | Do not suspend the calling process until a child process | |
1994 | changes state but instead return immediately. | |
1995 | ||
1996 | =item WUNTRACED | |
1997 | ||
1998 | Catch stopped child processes. | |
1999 | ||
2000 | =back | |
2001 | ||
2002 | =item Macros | |
2003 | ||
2004 | WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG WIFSTOPPED WSTOPSIG | |
2005 | ||
2006 | =over 16 | |
2007 | ||
2008 | =item WIFEXITED | |
2009 | ||
2010 | WIFEXITED($?) returns true if the child process exited normally | |
2011 | (C<exit()> or by falling off the end of C<main()>) | |
2012 | ||
2013 | =item WEXITSTATUS | |
2014 | ||
2015 | WEXITSTATUS($?) returns the normal exit status of the child process | |
2016 | (only meaningful if WIFEXITED($?) is true) | |
2017 | ||
2018 | =item WIFSIGNALED | |
2019 | ||
2020 | WIFSIGNALED($?) returns true if the child process terminated because | |
2021 | of a signal | |
2022 | ||
2023 | =item WTERMSIG | |
2024 | ||
2025 | WTERMSIG($?) returns the signal the child process terminated for | |
2026 | (only meaningful if WIFSIGNALED($?) is true) | |
2027 | ||
2028 | =item WIFSTOPPED | |
2029 | ||
2030 | WIFSTOPPED($?) returns true if the child process is currently stopped | |
2031 | (can happen only if you specified the WUNTRACED flag to waitpid()) | |
2032 | ||
2033 | =item WSTOPSIG | |
2034 | ||
2035 | WSTOPSIG($?) returns the signal the child process was stopped for | |
2036 | (only meaningful if WIFSTOPPED($?) is true) | |
2037 | ||
2038 | =back | |
2039 | ||
2040 | =back | |
2041 |