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54 | <H1><A NAME="SECTION00151300000000000000000"> | |
55 | 13.13 <tt class="module">xmllib</tt> -- | |
56 | A parser for XML documents</A> | |
57 | </H1> | |
58 | ||
59 | <P> | |
60 | <A NAME="module-xmllib"></A> | |
61 | ||
62 | <P> | |
63 | <a id='l2h-4588' xml:id='l2h-4588'></a> | |
64 | ||
65 | <P> | |
66 | <div class="versionnote"><b>Deprecated since release 2.0.</b> | |
67 | Use <tt class="module"><a href="module-xml.sax.html">xml.sax</a></tt> instead. The newer XML | |
68 | package includes full support for XML 1.0.</div><p></p> | |
69 | ||
70 | <P> | |
71 | ||
72 | <span class="versionnote">Changed in version 1.5.2: | |
73 | Added namespace support.</span> | |
74 | ||
75 | <P> | |
76 | This module defines a class <tt class="class">XMLParser</tt> which serves as the basis | |
77 | for parsing text files formatted in XML (Extensible Markup Language). | |
78 | ||
79 | <P> | |
80 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
81 | <td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span> <tt id='l2h-4562' xml:id='l2h-4562' class="class">XMLParser</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
82 | <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
83 | <dd> | |
84 | The <tt class="class">XMLParser</tt> class must be instantiated without | |
85 | arguments.<A NAME="tex2html163" | |
86 | HREF="#foot66320"><SUP>13.1</SUP></A></dl> | |
87 | ||
88 | <P> | |
89 | This class provides the following interface methods and instance variables: | |
90 | ||
91 | <P> | |
92 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-4563' xml:id='l2h-4563' class="member">attributes</tt></b></dt> | |
93 | <dd> | |
94 | A mapping of element names to mappings. The latter mapping maps | |
95 | attribute names that are valid for the element to the default value of | |
96 | the attribute, or if there is no default to <code>None</code>. The default | |
97 | value is the empty dictionary. This variable is meant to be | |
98 | overridden, not extended since the default is shared by all instances | |
99 | of <tt class="class">XMLParser</tt>. | |
100 | </dl> | |
101 | ||
102 | <P> | |
103 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-4564' xml:id='l2h-4564' class="member">elements</tt></b></dt> | |
104 | <dd> | |
105 | A mapping of element names to tuples. The tuples contain a function | |
106 | for handling the start and end tag respectively of the element, or | |
107 | <code>None</code> if the method <tt class="method">unknown_starttag()</tt> or | |
108 | <tt class="method">unknown_endtag()</tt> is to be called. The default value is the | |
109 | empty dictionary. This variable is meant to be overridden, not | |
110 | extended since the default is shared by all instances of | |
111 | <tt class="class">XMLParser</tt>. | |
112 | </dl> | |
113 | ||
114 | <P> | |
115 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-4565' xml:id='l2h-4565' class="member">entitydefs</tt></b></dt> | |
116 | <dd> | |
117 | A mapping of entitynames to their values. The default value contains | |
118 | definitions for <code>'lt'</code>, <code>'gt'</code>, <code>'amp'</code>, <code>'quot'</code>, | |
119 | and <code>'apos'</code>. | |
120 | </dl> | |
121 | ||
122 | <P> | |
123 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
124 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4566' xml:id='l2h-4566' class="method">reset</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
125 | <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
126 | <dd> | |
127 | Reset the instance. Loses all unprocessed data. This is called | |
128 | implicitly at the instantiation time. | |
129 | </dl> | |
130 | ||
131 | <P> | |
132 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
133 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4567' xml:id='l2h-4567' class="method">setnomoretags</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
134 | <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
135 | <dd> | |
136 | Stop processing tags. Treat all following input as literal input | |
137 | (CDATA). | |
138 | </dl> | |
139 | ||
140 | <P> | |
141 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
142 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4568' xml:id='l2h-4568' class="method">setliteral</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
143 | <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
144 | <dd> | |
145 | Enter literal mode (CDATA mode). This mode is automatically exited | |
146 | when the close tag matching the last unclosed open tag is encountered. | |
147 | </dl> | |
148 | ||
149 | <P> | |
150 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
151 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4569' xml:id='l2h-4569' class="method">feed</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
152 | <td><var>data</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
153 | <dd> | |
154 | Feed some text to the parser. It is processed insofar as it consists | |
155 | of complete tags; incomplete data is buffered until more data is | |
156 | fed or <tt class="method">close()</tt> is called. | |
157 | </dl> | |
158 | ||
159 | <P> | |
160 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
161 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4570' xml:id='l2h-4570' class="method">close</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
162 | <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
163 | <dd> | |
164 | Force processing of all buffered data as if it were followed by an | |
165 | end-of-file mark. This method may be redefined by a derived class to | |
166 | define additional processing at the end of the input, but the | |
167 | redefined version should always call <tt class="method">close()</tt>. | |
168 | </dl> | |
169 | ||
170 | <P> | |
171 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
172 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4571' xml:id='l2h-4571' class="method">translate_references</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
173 | <td><var>data</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
174 | <dd> | |
175 | Translate all entity and character references in <var>data</var> and | |
176 | return the translated string. | |
177 | </dl> | |
178 | ||
179 | <P> | |
180 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
181 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4572' xml:id='l2h-4572' class="method">getnamespace</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
182 | <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
183 | <dd> | |
184 | Return a mapping of namespace abbreviations to namespace URIs that are | |
185 | currently in effect. | |
186 | </dl> | |
187 | ||
188 | <P> | |
189 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
190 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4573' xml:id='l2h-4573' class="method">handle_xml</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
191 | <td><var>encoding, standalone</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
192 | <dd> | |
193 | This method is called when the "<tt class="samp"><?xml ...?></tt>" tag is processed. | |
194 | The arguments are the values of the encoding and standalone attributes | |
195 | in the tag. Both encoding and standalone are optional. The values | |
196 | passed to <tt class="method">handle_xml()</tt> default to <code>None</code> and the string | |
197 | <code>'no'</code> respectively. | |
198 | </dl> | |
199 | ||
200 | <P> | |
201 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
202 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4574' xml:id='l2h-4574' class="method">handle_doctype</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
203 | <td><var>tag, pubid, syslit, data</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
204 | <dd> | |
205 | This<a id='l2h-4589' xml:id='l2h-4589'></a> method is called when the | |
206 | "<tt class="samp"><!DOCTYPE...></tt>" declaration is processed. The arguments are the | |
207 | tag name of the root element, the Formal Public<a id='l2h-4590' xml:id='l2h-4590'></a> Identifier (or <code>None</code> if not specified), the system | |
208 | identifier, and the uninterpreted contents of the internal DTD subset | |
209 | as a string (or <code>None</code> if not present). | |
210 | </dl> | |
211 | ||
212 | <P> | |
213 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
214 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4575' xml:id='l2h-4575' class="method">handle_starttag</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
215 | <td><var>tag, method, attributes</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
216 | <dd> | |
217 | This method is called to handle start tags for which a start tag | |
218 | handler is defined in the instance variable <tt class="member">elements</tt>. The | |
219 | <var>tag</var> argument is the name of the tag, and the | |
220 | <var>method</var> argument is the function (method) which should be used to | |
221 | support semantic interpretation of the start tag. The | |
222 | <var>attributes</var> argument is a dictionary of attributes, the key being | |
223 | the <var>name</var> and the value being the <var>value</var> of the attribute | |
224 | found inside the tag's <code><></code> brackets. Character and entity | |
225 | references in the <var>value</var> have been interpreted. For instance, | |
226 | for the start tag <code><A HREF="http://www.cwi.nl/"></code>, this method | |
227 | would be called as <code>handle_starttag('A', self.elements['A'][0], | |
228 | {'HREF': 'http://www.cwi.nl/'})</code>. The base implementation simply | |
229 | calls <var>method</var> with <var>attributes</var> as the only argument. | |
230 | </dl> | |
231 | ||
232 | <P> | |
233 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
234 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4576' xml:id='l2h-4576' class="method">handle_endtag</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
235 | <td><var>tag, method</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
236 | <dd> | |
237 | This method is called to handle endtags for which an end tag handler | |
238 | is defined in the instance variable <tt class="member">elements</tt>. The <var>tag</var> | |
239 | argument is the name of the tag, and the <var>method</var> argument is the | |
240 | function (method) which should be used to support semantic | |
241 | interpretation of the end tag. For instance, for the endtag | |
242 | <code></A></code>, this method would be called as <code>handle_endtag('A', | |
243 | self.elements['A'][1])</code>. The base implementation simply calls | |
244 | <var>method</var>. | |
245 | </dl> | |
246 | ||
247 | <P> | |
248 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
249 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4577' xml:id='l2h-4577' class="method">handle_data</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
250 | <td><var>data</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
251 | <dd> | |
252 | This method is called to process arbitrary data. It is intended to be | |
253 | overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation does | |
254 | nothing. | |
255 | </dl> | |
256 | ||
257 | <P> | |
258 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
259 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4578' xml:id='l2h-4578' class="method">handle_charref</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
260 | <td><var>ref</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
261 | <dd> | |
262 | This method is called to process a character reference of the form | |
263 | "<tt class="samp">&#<var>ref</var>;</tt>". <var>ref</var> can either be a decimal number, | |
264 | or a hexadecimal number when preceded by an "<tt class="character">x</tt>". | |
265 | In the base implementation, <var>ref</var> must be a number in the | |
266 | range 0-255. It translates the character to ASCII and calls the | |
267 | method <tt class="method">handle_data()</tt> with the character as argument. If | |
268 | <var>ref</var> is invalid or out of range, the method | |
269 | <code>unknown_charref(<var>ref</var>)</code> is called to handle the error. A | |
270 | subclass must override this method to provide support for character | |
271 | references outside of the ASCII range. | |
272 | </dl> | |
273 | ||
274 | <P> | |
275 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
276 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4579' xml:id='l2h-4579' class="method">handle_comment</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
277 | <td><var>comment</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
278 | <dd> | |
279 | This method is called when a comment is encountered. The | |
280 | <var>comment</var> argument is a string containing the text between the | |
281 | "<tt class="samp"><!--</tt>" and "<tt class="samp">--></tt>" delimiters, but not the delimiters | |
282 | themselves. For example, the comment "<tt class="samp"><!--text--></tt>" will | |
283 | cause this method to be called with the argument <code>'text'</code>. The | |
284 | default method does nothing. | |
285 | </dl> | |
286 | ||
287 | <P> | |
288 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
289 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4580' xml:id='l2h-4580' class="method">handle_cdata</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
290 | <td><var>data</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
291 | <dd> | |
292 | This method is called when a CDATA element is encountered. The | |
293 | <var>data</var> argument is a string containing the text between the | |
294 | "<tt class="samp"><![CDATA[</tt>" and "<tt class="samp">]]></tt>" delimiters, but not the delimiters | |
295 | themselves. For example, the entity "<tt class="samp"><![CDATA[text]]></tt>" will | |
296 | cause this method to be called with the argument <code>'text'</code>. The | |
297 | default method does nothing, and is intended to be overridden. | |
298 | </dl> | |
299 | ||
300 | <P> | |
301 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
302 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4581' xml:id='l2h-4581' class="method">handle_proc</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
303 | <td><var>name, data</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
304 | <dd> | |
305 | This method is called when a processing instruction (PI) is | |
306 | encountered. The <var>name</var> is the PI target, and the <var>data</var> | |
307 | argument is a string containing the text between the PI target and the | |
308 | closing delimiter, but not the delimiter itself. For example, the | |
309 | instruction "<tt class="samp"><?XML text?></tt>" will cause this method to be called | |
310 | with the arguments <code>'XML'</code> and <code>'text'</code>. The default method | |
311 | does nothing. Note that if a document starts with "<tt class="samp"><?xml | |
312 | ..?></tt>", <tt class="method">handle_xml()</tt> is called to handle it. | |
313 | </dl> | |
314 | ||
315 | <P> | |
316 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
317 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4582' xml:id='l2h-4582' class="method">handle_special</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
318 | <td><var>data</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
319 | <dd> | |
320 | This method is called when a declaration is encountered. The | |
321 | <var>data</var> argument is a string containing the text between the | |
322 | "<tt class="samp"><!</tt>" and "<tt class="samp">></tt>" delimiters, but not the delimiters | |
323 | themselves. For example, the <a id='l2h-4591' xml:id='l2h-4591'></a>entity | |
324 | declaration "<tt class="samp"><!ENTITY text></tt>" will cause this method to be called | |
325 | with the argument <code>'ENTITY text'</code>. The default method does | |
326 | nothing. Note that "<tt class="samp"><!DOCTYPE ...></tt>" is handled separately if it | |
327 | is located at the start of the document. | |
328 | </dl> | |
329 | ||
330 | <P> | |
331 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
332 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4583' xml:id='l2h-4583' class="method">syntax_error</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
333 | <td><var>message</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
334 | <dd> | |
335 | This method is called when a syntax error is encountered. The | |
336 | <var>message</var> is a description of what was wrong. The default method | |
337 | raises a <tt class="exception">RuntimeError</tt> exception. If this method is | |
338 | overridden, it is permissible for it to return. This method is only | |
339 | called when the error can be recovered from. Unrecoverable errors | |
340 | raise a <tt class="exception">RuntimeError</tt> without first calling | |
341 | <tt class="method">syntax_error()</tt>. | |
342 | </dl> | |
343 | ||
344 | <P> | |
345 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
346 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4584' xml:id='l2h-4584' class="method">unknown_starttag</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
347 | <td><var>tag, attributes</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
348 | <dd> | |
349 | This method is called to process an unknown start tag. It is intended | |
350 | to be overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation | |
351 | does nothing. | |
352 | </dl> | |
353 | ||
354 | <P> | |
355 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
356 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4585' xml:id='l2h-4585' class="method">unknown_endtag</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
357 | <td><var>tag</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
358 | <dd> | |
359 | This method is called to process an unknown end tag. It is intended | |
360 | to be overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation | |
361 | does nothing. | |
362 | </dl> | |
363 | ||
364 | <P> | |
365 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
366 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4586' xml:id='l2h-4586' class="method">unknown_charref</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
367 | <td><var>ref</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
368 | <dd> | |
369 | This method is called to process unresolvable numeric character | |
370 | references. It is intended to be overridden by a derived class; the | |
371 | base class implementation does nothing. | |
372 | </dl> | |
373 | ||
374 | <P> | |
375 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
376 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4587' xml:id='l2h-4587' class="method">unknown_entityref</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
377 | <td><var>ref</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
378 | <dd> | |
379 | This method is called to process an unknown entity reference. It is | |
380 | intended to be overridden by a derived class; the base class | |
381 | implementation calls <tt class="method">syntax_error()</tt> to signal an error. | |
382 | </dl> | |
383 | ||
384 | <P> | |
385 | <div class="seealso"> | |
386 | <p class="heading">See Also:</p> | |
387 | ||
388 | <dl compact="compact" class="seetitle"> | |
389 | <dt><em class="citetitle"><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml" | |
390 | >Extensible Markup Language | |
391 | (XML) 1.0</a></em></dt> | |
392 | <dd>The XML specification, published by the World | |
393 | Wide Web Consortium (W3C), defines the syntax and | |
394 | processor requirements for XML. References to additional | |
395 | material on XML, including translations of the | |
396 | specification, are available at | |
397 | <a class="url" href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">http://www.w3.org/XML/</a>.</dd> | |
398 | </dl> | |
399 | ||
400 | <P> | |
401 | <dl compact="compact" class="seetitle"> | |
402 | <dt><em class="citetitle"><a href="http://www.python.org/topics/xml/" | |
403 | >Python and XML | |
404 | Processing</a></em></dt> | |
405 | <dd>The Python XML Topic Guide provides a great | |
406 | deal of information on using XML from Python and links to | |
407 | other sources of information on XML.</dd> | |
408 | </dl> | |
409 | ||
410 | <P> | |
411 | <dl compact="compact" class="seetitle"> | |
412 | <dt><em class="citetitle"><a href="http://www.python.org/sigs/xml-sig/" | |
413 | >SIG for XML | |
414 | Processing in Python</a></em></dt> | |
415 | <dd>The Python XML Special Interest | |
416 | Group is developing substantial support for processing XML | |
417 | from Python.</dd> | |
418 | </dl> | |
419 | </div> | |
420 | ||
421 | <P> | |
422 | <BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4> | |
423 | <DL> | |
424 | <DT><A NAME="foot66320">... | |
425 | arguments.</A><A | |
426 | href="module-xmllib.html#tex2html163"><SUP>13.1</SUP></A></DT> | |
427 | <DD>Actually, a number of keyword arguments are | |
428 | recognized which influence the parser to accept certain non-standard | |
429 | constructs. The following keyword arguments are currently | |
430 | recognized. The defaults for all of these is <code>0</code> (false) except | |
431 | for the last one for which the default is <code>1</code> (true). | |
432 | <var>accept_unquoted_attributes</var> (accept certain attribute values | |
433 | without requiring quotes), <var>accept_missing_endtag_name</var> (accept | |
434 | end tags that look like <code></></code>), <var>map_case</var> (map upper case to | |
435 | lower case in tags and attributes), <var>accept_utf8</var> (allow UTF-8 | |
436 | characters in input; this is required according to the XML standard, | |
437 | but Python does not as yet deal properly with these characters, so | |
438 | this is not the default), <var>translate_attribute_references</var> (don't | |
439 | attempt to translate character and entity references in attribute values). | |
440 | ||
441 | </DD> | |
442 | </DL> | |
443 | <p><br /></p><hr class='online-navigation' /> | |
444 | <div class='online-navigation'> | |
445 | <!--Table of Child-Links--> | |
446 | <A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></a> | |
447 | ||
448 | <UL CLASS="ChildLinks"> | |
449 | <LI><A href="xml-namespace.html">13.13.1 XML Namespaces</a> | |
450 | </ul> | |
451 | <!--End of Table of Child-Links--> | |
452 | </div> | |
453 | ||
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478 | <div class='online-navigation'> | |
479 | <b class="navlabel">Previous:</b> | |
480 | <a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="attributes-ns-objects.html">13.12.6 The AttributesNS Interface</A> | |
481 | <b class="navlabel">Up:</b> | |
482 | <a class="sectref" rel="parent" href="markup.html">13. Structured Markup Processing</A> | |
483 | <b class="navlabel">Next:</b> | |
484 | <a class="sectref" rel="next" href="xml-namespace.html">13.13.1 XML Namespaces</A> | |
485 | </div> | |
486 | </div> | |
487 | <hr /> | |
488 | <span class="release-info">Release 2.4.2, documentation updated on 28 September 2005.</span> | |
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