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17 | <title>3. Python Runtime Services </title> | |
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55 | <H1><A NAME="SECTION005000000000000000000"></A><A NAME="python"></A> | |
56 | <BR> | |
57 | 3. Python Runtime Services | |
58 | ||
59 | </H1> | |
60 | ||
61 | <P> | |
62 | The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services | |
63 | related to the Python interpreter and its interaction with its | |
64 | environment. Here's an overview: | |
65 | ||
66 | <P> | |
67 | <table class='synopsistable' valign='baseline'> | |
68 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
69 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-sys.html'>sys</a></tt></b></td> | |
70 | <td> </td> | |
71 | <td class='synopsis'>Access system-specific parameters and functions.</td></tr> | |
72 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-gc.html'>gc</a></tt></b></td> | |
73 | <td> </td> | |
74 | <td class='synopsis'>Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector.</td></tr> | |
75 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
76 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-weakref.html'>weakref</a></tt></b></td> | |
77 | <td> </td> | |
78 | <td class='synopsis'>Support for weak references and weak dictionaries.</td></tr> | |
79 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-fpectl.html'>fpectl</a></tt></b></td> | |
80 | <td> </td> | |
81 | <td class='synopsis'>Provide control for floating point exception handling.</td></tr> | |
82 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
83 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-atexit.html'>atexit</a></tt></b></td> | |
84 | <td> </td> | |
85 | <td class='synopsis'>Register and execute cleanup functions.</td></tr> | |
86 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-types.html'>types</a></tt></b></td> | |
87 | <td> </td> | |
88 | <td class='synopsis'>Names for built-in types.</td></tr> | |
89 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
90 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-UserDict.html'>UserDict</a></tt></b></td> | |
91 | <td> </td> | |
92 | <td class='synopsis'>Class wrapper for dictionary objects.</td></tr> | |
93 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-UserList.html'>UserList</a></tt></b></td> | |
94 | <td> </td> | |
95 | <td class='synopsis'>Class wrapper for list objects.</td></tr> | |
96 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
97 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-UserString.html'>UserString</a></tt></b></td> | |
98 | <td> </td> | |
99 | <td class='synopsis'>Class wrapper for string objects.</td></tr> | |
100 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-operator.html'>operator</a></tt></b></td> | |
101 | <td> </td> | |
102 | <td class='synopsis'>All Python's standard operators as built-in functions.</td></tr> | |
103 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
104 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-inspect.html'>inspect</a></tt></b></td> | |
105 | <td> </td> | |
106 | <td class='synopsis'>Extract information and source code from live objects.</td></tr> | |
107 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-traceback.html'>traceback</a></tt></b></td> | |
108 | <td> </td> | |
109 | <td class='synopsis'>Print or retrieve a stack traceback.</td></tr> | |
110 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
111 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-linecache.html'>linecache</a></tt></b></td> | |
112 | <td> </td> | |
113 | <td class='synopsis'>This module provides random access to individual lines | |
114 | from text files.</td></tr> | |
115 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-pickle.html'>pickle</a></tt></b></td> | |
116 | <td> </td> | |
117 | <td class='synopsis'>Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back.</td></tr> | |
118 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
119 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-cPickle.html'>cPickle</a></tt></b></td> | |
120 | <td> </td> | |
121 | <td class='synopsis'>Faster version of <tt class="module"><a href="module-pickle.html">pickle</a></tt>, but not subclassable.</td></tr> | |
122 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-copyreg.html'>copy_reg</a></tt></b></td> | |
123 | <td> </td> | |
124 | <td class='synopsis'>Register <tt class="module">pickle</tt> support functions.</td></tr> | |
125 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
126 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-shelve.html'>shelve</a></tt></b></td> | |
127 | <td> </td> | |
128 | <td class='synopsis'>Python object persistence.</td></tr> | |
129 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-copy.html'>copy</a></tt></b></td> | |
130 | <td> </td> | |
131 | <td class='synopsis'>Shallow and deep copy operations.</td></tr> | |
132 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
133 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-marshal.html'>marshal</a></tt></b></td> | |
134 | <td> </td> | |
135 | <td class='synopsis'>Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back | |
136 | (with different constraints).</td></tr> | |
137 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-warnings.html'>warnings</a></tt></b></td> | |
138 | <td> </td> | |
139 | <td class='synopsis'>Issue warning messages and control their disposition.</td></tr> | |
140 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
141 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-imp.html'>imp</a></tt></b></td> | |
142 | <td> </td> | |
143 | <td class='synopsis'>Access the implementation of the <tt class="keyword">import</tt> statement.</td></tr> | |
144 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-zipimport.html'>zipimport</a></tt></b></td> | |
145 | <td> </td> | |
146 | <td class='synopsis'>support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives.</td></tr> | |
147 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
148 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-pkgutil.html'>pkgutil</a></tt></b></td> | |
149 | <td> </td> | |
150 | <td class='synopsis'>Utilities to support extension of packages.</td></tr> | |
151 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-modulefinder.html'>modulefinder</a></tt></b></td> | |
152 | <td> </td> | |
153 | <td class='synopsis'>Find modules used by a script.</td></tr> | |
154 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
155 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-code.html'>code</a></tt></b></td> | |
156 | <td> </td> | |
157 | <td class='synopsis'>Base classes for interactive Python interpreters.</td></tr> | |
158 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-codeop.html'>codeop</a></tt></b></td> | |
159 | <td> </td> | |
160 | <td class='synopsis'>Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code.</td></tr> | |
161 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
162 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-pprint.html'>pprint</a></tt></b></td> | |
163 | <td> </td> | |
164 | <td class='synopsis'>Data pretty printer.</td></tr> | |
165 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-repr.html'>repr</a></tt></b></td> | |
166 | <td> </td> | |
167 | <td class='synopsis'>Alternate <tt class="function">repr()</tt> implementation with size limits.</td></tr> | |
168 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
169 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-new.html'>new</a></tt></b></td> | |
170 | <td> </td> | |
171 | <td class='synopsis'>Interface to the creation of runtime implementation objects.</td></tr> | |
172 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-site.html'>site</a></tt></b></td> | |
173 | <td> </td> | |
174 | <td class='synopsis'>A standard way to reference site-specific modules.</td></tr> | |
175 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
176 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-user.html'>user</a></tt></b></td> | |
177 | <td> </td> | |
178 | <td class='synopsis'>A standard way to reference user-specific modules.</td></tr> | |
179 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-builtin.html'>__builtin__</a></tt></b></td> | |
180 | <td> </td> | |
181 | <td class='synopsis'>The module that provides the built-in namespace.</td></tr> | |
182 | <tr class='oddrow'> | |
183 | <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-main.html'>__main__</a></tt></b></td> | |
184 | <td> </td> | |
185 | <td class='synopsis'>The environment where the top-level script is run.</td></tr> | |
186 | <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-future.html'>__future__</a></tt></b></td> | |
187 | <td> </td> | |
188 | <td class='synopsis'>Future statement definitions</td></tr> | |
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226 | <span class="release-info">Release 2.4.2, documentation updated on 28 September 2005.</span> | |
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