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129 | .\" ======================================================================== | |
130 | .\" | |
131 | .IX Title "PERLMACOSX 1" | |
132 | .TH PERLMACOSX 1 "2006-01-07" "perl v5.8.8" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide" | |
133 | .SH "NAME" | |
134 | README.macosx \- Perl under Mac OS X | |
135 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" | |
136 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" | |
137 | This document briefly describes perl under Mac \s-1OS\s0 X. | |
138 | .SH "DESCRIPTION" | |
139 | .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" | |
140 | The latest Perl release (5.8.8 as of this writing) builds without changes | |
141 | under Mac \s-1OS\s0 X. Under 10.3 \*(L"Panther\*(R" and newer \s-1OS\s0 versions, all self-tests | |
142 | pass, and all standard features are supported. | |
143 | .PP | |
144 | Earlier Mac \s-1OS\s0 X releases (10.2 \*(L"Jaguar\*(R" and older) did not include a | |
145 | completely thread-safe libc, so threading is not fully supported. Also, | |
146 | earlier releases included a buggy libdb, so some of the DB_File tests | |
147 | are known to fail on those releases. | |
148 | .Sh "Installation Prefix" | |
149 | .IX Subsection "Installation Prefix" | |
150 | The default installation location for this release uses the traditional | |
151 | \&\s-1UNIX\s0 directory layout under /usr/local. This is the recommended location | |
152 | for most users, and will leave the Apple-supplied Perl and its modules | |
153 | undisturbed. | |
154 | .PP | |
155 | Using an installation prefix of '/usr' will result in a directory layout | |
156 | that mirrors that of Apple's default Perl, with core modules stored in | |
157 | \&'/System/Library/Perl/${version}', \s-1CPAN\s0 modules stored in | |
158 | \&'/Library/Perl/${version}', and the addition of | |
159 | \&'/Network/Library/Perl/${version}' to \f(CW@INC\fR for modules that are stored | |
160 | on a file server and used by many Macs. | |
161 | .Sh "\s-1SDK\s0 support" | |
162 | .IX Subsection "SDK support" | |
163 | First, export the path to the \s-1SDK\s0 into the build environment: | |
164 | .PP | |
165 | .Vb 1 | |
166 | \& export SDK=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk | |
167 | .Ve | |
168 | .PP | |
169 | Use an \s-1SDK\s0 by exporting some additions to Perl's 'ccflags' and '..flags' | |
170 | config variables: | |
171 | .PP | |
172 | .Vb 5 | |
173 | \& ./Configure -Accflags="-nostdinc -B$SDK/usr/include/gcc \e | |
174 | \& -B$SDK/usr/lib/gcc -isystem$SDK/usr/include \e | |
175 | \& -F$SDK/System/Library/Frameworks" \e | |
176 | \& -Aldflags="-Wl,-syslibroot,$SDK" \e | |
177 | \& -de | |
178 | .Ve | |
179 | .Sh "Universal Binary support" | |
180 | .IX Subsection "Universal Binary support" | |
181 | To compile perl as a universal binary (built for both ppc and intel), export | |
182 | the \s-1SDK\s0 variable as above, selecting the 10.4u \s-1SDK:\s0 | |
183 | .PP | |
184 | .Vb 1 | |
185 | \& export SDK=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk | |
186 | .Ve | |
187 | .PP | |
188 | In addition to the compiler flags used to select the \s-1SDK\s0, also add the flags | |
189 | for creating a universal binary: | |
190 | .PP | |
191 | .Vb 5 | |
192 | \& ./Configure -Accflags="-arch i686 -arch ppc -nostdinc -B$SDK/usr/include/gcc \e | |
193 | \& -B$SDK/usr/lib/gcc -isystem$SDK/usr/include \e | |
194 | \& -F$SDK/System/Library/Frameworks" \e | |
195 | \& -Aldflags="-arch i686 -arch ppc -Wl,-syslibroot,$SDK" \e | |
196 | \& -de | |
197 | .Ve | |
198 | .PP | |
199 | Keep in mind that these compiler and linker settings will also be used when | |
200 | building \s-1CPAN\s0 modules. For \s-1XS\s0 modules to be compiled as a universal binary, any | |
201 | libraries it links to must also be universal binaries. The system libraries that | |
202 | Apple includes with the 10.4u \s-1SDK\s0 are all universal, but user-installed libraries | |
203 | may need to be re-installed as universal binaries. | |
204 | .Sh "libperl and Prebinding" | |
205 | .IX Subsection "libperl and Prebinding" | |
206 | Mac \s-1OS\s0 X ships with a dynamically-loaded libperl, but the default for | |
207 | this release is to compile a static libperl. The reason for this is | |
208 | pre\-binding. Dynamic libraries can be pre-bound to a specific address in | |
209 | memory in order to decrease load time. To do this, one needs to be aware | |
210 | of the location and size of all previously-loaded libraries. Apple | |
211 | collects this information as part of their overall \s-1OS\s0 build process, and | |
212 | thus has easy access to it when building Perl, but ordinary users would | |
213 | need to go to a great deal of effort to obtain the information needed | |
214 | for pre\-binding. | |
215 | .PP | |
216 | You can override the default and build a shared libperl if you wish | |
217 | (Configure\ ...\ \-Duseshrlib), but the load time on pre\-10.4 \s-1OS\s0 | |
218 | releases will be greater than either the static library, or Apple's | |
219 | pre-bound dynamic library. | |
220 | .PP | |
221 | With 10.4 \*(L"Tiger\*(R" and newer, Apple has all but eliminated the performance | |
222 | penalty for non-prebound libraries. | |
223 | .Sh "Updating Apple's Perl" | |
224 | .IX Subsection "Updating Apple's Perl" | |
225 | In a word \- don't, at least without a *very* good reason. Your scripts | |
226 | can just as easily begin with \*(L"#!/usr/local/bin/perl\*(R" as with | |
227 | \&\*(L"#!/usr/bin/perl\*(R". Scripts supplied by Apple and other third parties as | |
228 | part of installation packages and such have generally only been tested | |
229 | with the /usr/bin/perl that's installed by Apple. | |
230 | .PP | |
231 | If you find that you do need to update the system Perl, one issue worth | |
232 | keeping in mind is the question of static vs. dynamic libraries. If you | |
233 | upgrade using the default static libperl, you will find that the dynamic | |
234 | libperl supplied by Apple will not be deleted. If both libraries are | |
235 | present when an application that links against libperl is built, ld will | |
236 | link against the dynamic library by default. So, if you need to replace | |
237 | Apple's dynamic libperl with a static libperl, you need to be sure to | |
238 | delete the older dynamic library after you've installed the update. | |
239 | .Sh "Known problems" | |
240 | .IX Subsection "Known problems" | |
241 | If you have installed extra libraries such as \s-1GDBM\s0 through Fink | |
242 | (in other words, you have libraries under \fI/sw/lib\fR), or libdlcompat | |
243 | to \fI/usr/local/lib\fR, you may need to be extra careful when running | |
244 | Configure to not to confuse Configure and Perl about which libraries | |
245 | to use. Being confused will show up for example as \*(L"dyld\*(R" errors about | |
246 | symbol problems, for example during \*(L"make test\*(R". The safest bet is to run | |
247 | Configure as | |
248 | .PP | |
249 | .Vb 1 | |
250 | \& Configure ... -Uloclibpth -Dlibpth=/usr/lib | |
251 | .Ve | |
252 | .PP | |
253 | to make Configure look only into the system libraries. If you have some | |
254 | extra library directories that you really want to use (such as newer | |
255 | Berkeley \s-1DB\s0 libraries in pre-Panther systems), add those to the libpth: | |
256 | .PP | |
257 | .Vb 1 | |
258 | \& Configure ... -Uloclibpth -Dlibpth='/usr/lib /opt/lib' | |
259 | .Ve | |
260 | .PP | |
261 | The default of building Perl statically may cause problems with complex | |
262 | applications like Tk: in that case consider building shared Perl | |
263 | .PP | |
264 | .Vb 1 | |
265 | \& Configure ... -Duseshrplib | |
266 | .Ve | |
267 | .PP | |
268 | but remember that there's a startup cost to pay in that case (see above | |
269 | \&\*(L"libperl and Prebinding\*(R"). | |
270 | .PP | |
271 | Starting with Tiger (Mac \s-1OS\s0 X 10.4), Apple shipped broken locale files for | |
272 | the eu_ES locale (Basque\-Spain). In previous releases of Perl, this resulted in | |
273 | failures in the \f(CW\*(C`lib/locale\*(C'\fR test. These failures have been supressed | |
274 | in the current release of Perl by making the test ignore the broken locale. | |
275 | If you need to use the eu_ES locale, you should contact Apple support. | |
276 | .Sh "MacPerl" | |
277 | .IX Subsection "MacPerl" | |
278 | Quite a bit has been written about MacPerl, the Perl distribution for | |
279 | \&\*(L"Classic MacOS\*(R" \- that is, versions 9 and earlier of MacOS. Because it | |
280 | runs in environment that's very different from that of \s-1UNIX\s0, many things | |
281 | are done differently in MacPerl. Modules are installed using a different | |
282 | procedure, Perl itself is built differently, path names are different, | |
283 | etc. | |
284 | .PP | |
285 | From the perspective of a Perl programmer, Mac \s-1OS\s0 X is more like a | |
286 | traditional \s-1UNIX\s0 than Classic MacOS. If you find documentation that | |
287 | refers to a special procedure that's needed for MacOS that's drastically | |
288 | different from the instructions provided for \s-1UNIX\s0, the MacOS | |
289 | instructions are quite often intended for MacPerl on Classic MacOS. In | |
290 | that case, the correct procedure on Mac \s-1OS\s0 X is usually to follow the | |
291 | \&\s-1UNIX\s0 instructions, rather than the MacPerl instructions. | |
292 | .Sh "Carbon" | |
293 | .IX Subsection "Carbon" | |
294 | MacPerl ships with a number of modules that are used to access the | |
295 | classic MacOS toolbox. Many of these modules have been updated to use | |
296 | Mac \s-1OS\s0 X's newer \*(L"Carbon\*(R" toolbox, and are available from \s-1CPAN\s0 in the | |
297 | \&\*(L"Mac::Carbon\*(R" module. | |
298 | .Sh "Cocoa" | |
299 | .IX Subsection "Cocoa" | |
300 | There are two ways to use Cocoa from Perl. Apple's PerlObjCBridge | |
301 | module, included with Mac \s-1OS\s0 X, can be used by standalone scripts to | |
302 | access Foundation (i.e. non\-GUI) classes and objects. | |
303 | .PP | |
304 | An alternative is CamelBones, a framework that allows access to both | |
305 | Foundation and AppKit classes and objects, so that full \s-1GUI\s0 applications | |
306 | can be built in Perl. CamelBones can be found on SourceForge, at | |
307 | <http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/camelbones/>. | |
308 | .SH "Starting From Scratch" | |
309 | .IX Header "Starting From Scratch" | |
310 | Unfortunately it is not that difficult somehow manage to break one's | |
311 | Mac \s-1OS\s0 X Perl rather severely. If all else fails and you want to | |
312 | really, \fB\s-1REALLY\s0\fR, start from scratch and remove even your Apple Perl | |
313 | installation (which has become corrupted somehow), the following | |
314 | instructions should do it. \fBPlease think twice before following | |
315 | these instructions: they are much like conducting brain surgery to | |
316 | yourself. Without anesthesia.\fR We will \fBnot\fR come to fix your system | |
317 | if you do this. | |
318 | .PP | |
319 | First, get rid of the libperl.dylib: | |
320 | .PP | |
321 | .Vb 2 | |
322 | \& # cd /System/Library/Perl/darwin/CORE | |
323 | \& # rm libperl.dylib | |
324 | .Ve | |
325 | .PP | |
326 | Then delete every .bundle file found anywhere in the folders: | |
327 | .PP | |
328 | .Vb 2 | |
329 | \& /System/Library/Perl | |
330 | \& /Library/Perl | |
331 | .Ve | |
332 | .PP | |
333 | You can find them for example by | |
334 | .PP | |
335 | .Vb 1 | |
336 | \& # find /System/Library/Perl /Library/Perl -name '*.bundle' -print | |
337 | .Ve | |
338 | .PP | |
339 | After this you can either copy Perl from your operating system media | |
340 | (you will need at least the /System/Library/Perl and /usr/bin/perl), | |
341 | or rebuild Perl from the source code with \f(CW\*(C`Configure \-Dprefix=/usr | |
342 | \&\-Dusershrplib\*(C'\fR \s-1NOTE:\s0 the \f(CW\*(C`\-Dprefix=/usr\*(C'\fR to replace the system Perl | |
343 | works much better with Perl 5.8.1 and later, in Perl 5.8.0 the | |
344 | settings were not quite right. | |
345 | .PP | |
346 | \&\*(L"Pacifist\*(R" from CharlesSoft (<http://www.charlessoft.com/>) is a nice | |
347 | way to extract the Perl binaries from the \s-1OS\s0 media, without having to | |
348 | reinstall the entire \s-1OS\s0. | |
349 | .SH "AUTHOR" | |
350 | .IX Header "AUTHOR" | |
351 | This \s-1README\s0 was written by Sherm Pendley <sherm@dot\-app.org>, | |
352 | and subsequently updated by Dominic Dunlop <domo@computer.org>. | |
353 | The \*(L"Starting From Scratch\*(R" recipe was contributed by John Montbriand | |
354 | <montbriand@apple.com>. | |
355 | .SH "DATE" | |
356 | .IX Header "DATE" | |
357 | Last modified 2005\-11\-07. |