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<H2><A NAME="SECTION009350000000000000000"></A><A NAME="listObjects"></A>
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7.3.5 List Objects 
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<P>
<a id='l2h-579' xml:id='l2h-579'></a><dl><dt><b><tt class="ctype"><a id='l2h-580' xml:id='l2h-580'>PyListObject</a></tt></b></dt>
<dd>
  This subtype of <tt class="ctype">PyObject</tt> represents a Python list object.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt>PyTypeObject <b><tt id='l2h-581' xml:id='l2h-581' class="cdata">PyList_Type</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
  This instance of <tt class="ctype">PyTypeObject</tt> represents the Python list
  type.  This is the same object as <code>types.ListType</code>.
  <a id='l2h-583' xml:id='l2h-583'></a></dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-584' xml:id='l2h-584' class="cfunction">PyList_Check</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>p</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Return true if <var>p</var> is a list object or an instance of a
  subtype of the list type.
  
<span class="versionnote">Changed in version 2.2:
Allowed subtypes to be accepted.</span>

</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-585' xml:id='l2h-585' class="cfunction">PyList_CheckExact</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>p</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Return true if <var>p</var> is a list object, but not an instance of a
  subtype of the list type.
  
<span class="versionnote">New in version 2.2.</span>

</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>PyObject*&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-586' xml:id='l2h-586' class="cfunction">PyList_New</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>int <var>len</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
<div class="refcount-info">
  <span class="label">Return value:</span>
  <span class="value">New reference.</span>
</div>
  Return a new list of length <var>len</var> on success, or <tt class="constant">NULL</tt> on
  failure.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-587' xml:id='l2h-587' class="cfunction">PyList_Size</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Return the length of the list object in <var>list</var>; this is
  equivalent to "<tt class="samp">len(<var>list</var>)</tt>" on a list object.
  <a id='l2h-588' xml:id='l2h-588'></a></dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-589' xml:id='l2h-589' class="cfunction">PyList_GET_SIZE</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Macro form of <tt class="cfunction">PyList_Size()</tt> without error checking.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>PyObject*&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-590' xml:id='l2h-590' class="cfunction">PyList_GetItem</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>, int <var>index</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
<div class="refcount-info">
  <span class="label">Return value:</span>
  <span class="value">Borrowed reference.</span>
</div>
  Return the object at position <var>pos</var> in the list pointed to by
  <var>p</var>.  If <var>pos</var> is out of bounds, return <tt class="constant">NULL</tt> and set an
  <tt class="exception">IndexError</tt> exception.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>PyObject*&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-591' xml:id='l2h-591' class="cfunction">PyList_GET_ITEM</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>, int <var>i</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
<div class="refcount-info">
  <span class="label">Return value:</span>
  <span class="value">Borrowed reference.</span>
</div>
  Macro form of <tt class="cfunction">PyList_GetItem()</tt> without error checking.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-592' xml:id='l2h-592' class="cfunction">PyList_SetItem</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>, int <var>index</var>,
                                       PyObject *<var>item</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Set the item at index <var>index</var> in list to <var>item</var>.  Return
  <code>0</code> on success or <code>-1</code> on failure.  <span class="note"><b class="label">Note:</b>
This function
  ``steals'' a reference to <var>item</var> and discards a reference to an
  item already in the list at the affected position.</span>
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>void&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-593' xml:id='l2h-593' class="cfunction">PyList_SET_ITEM</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>, int <var>i</var>,
                                              PyObject *<var>o</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Macro form of <tt class="cfunction">PyList_SetItem()</tt> without error checking.
  This is normally only used to fill in new lists where there is no
  previous content.
  <span class="note"><b class="label">Note:</b>
This function ``steals'' a reference to <var>item</var>, and,
  unlike <tt class="cfunction">PyList_SetItem()</tt>, does <em>not</em> discard a
  reference to any item that it being replaced; any reference in
  <var>list</var> at position <var>i</var> will be leaked.</span>
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-594' xml:id='l2h-594' class="cfunction">PyList_Insert</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>, int <var>index</var>,
                                      PyObject *<var>item</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Insert the item <var>item</var> into list <var>list</var> in front of index
  <var>index</var>.  Return <code>0</code> if successful; return <code>-1</code> and
  set an exception if unsuccessful.  Analogous to
  <code><var>list</var>.insert(<var>index</var>, <var>item</var>)</code>.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-595' xml:id='l2h-595' class="cfunction">PyList_Append</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>, PyObject *<var>item</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Append the object <var>item</var> at the end of list <var>list</var>.
  Return <code>0</code> if successful; return <code>-1</code> and set an
  exception if unsuccessful.  Analogous to
  <code><var>list</var>.append(<var>item</var>)</code>.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>PyObject*&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-596' xml:id='l2h-596' class="cfunction">PyList_GetSlice</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>,
                                              int <var>low</var>, int <var>high</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
<div class="refcount-info">
  <span class="label">Return value:</span>
  <span class="value">New reference.</span>
</div>
  Return a list of the objects in <var>list</var> containing the objects
  <em>between</em> <var>low</var> and <var>high</var>.  Return <tt class="constant">NULL</tt> and set
  an exception if unsuccessful.
  Analogous to <code><var>list</var>[<var>low</var>:<var>high</var>]</code>.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-597' xml:id='l2h-597' class="cfunction">PyList_SetSlice</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>,
                                        int <var>low</var>, int <var>high</var>,
                                        PyObject *<var>itemlist</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Set the slice of <var>list</var> between <var>low</var> and <var>high</var> to the
  contents of <var>itemlist</var>.  Analogous to
  <code><var>list</var>[<var>low</var>:<var>high</var>] = <var>itemlist</var></code>.
  The <var>itemlist</var> may be <tt class="constant">NULL</tt>, indicating the assignment
  of an empty list (slice deletion).
  Return <code>0</code> on success, <code>-1</code> on failure.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-598' xml:id='l2h-598' class="cfunction">PyList_Sort</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Sort the items of <var>list</var> in place.  Return <code>0</code> on
  success, <code>-1</code> on failure.  This is equivalent to
  "<tt class="samp"><var>list</var>.sort()</tt>".
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-599' xml:id='l2h-599' class="cfunction">PyList_Reverse</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Reverse the items of <var>list</var> in place.  Return <code>0</code> on
  success, <code>-1</code> on failure.  This is the equivalent of
  "<tt class="samp"><var>list</var>.reverse()</tt>".
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>PyObject*&nbsp;<b><tt id='l2h-600' xml:id='l2h-600' class="cfunction">PyList_AsTuple</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
<div class="refcount-info">
  <span class="label">Return value:</span>
  <span class="value">New reference.</span>
</div>
  Return a new tuple object containing the contents of <var>list</var>;
  equivalent to "<tt class="samp">tuple(<var>list</var>)</tt>".<a id='l2h-601' xml:id='l2h-601'></a></dd></dl>

<P>

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	53
	54	<H2><A NAME="SECTION009350000000000000000"></A><A NAME="listObjects"></A>
	55	<BR>
	56	7.3.5 List Objects
	57	</H2>
	58
	59	<P>
	60	<a id='l2h-579' xml:id='l2h-579'></a><dl><dt><b><tt class="ctype"><a id='l2h-580' xml:id='l2h-580'>PyListObject</a></tt></b></dt>
	61	<dd>
	62	This subtype of <tt class="ctype">PyObject</tt> represents a Python list object.
	63	</dl>
	64
65	<P>
66	<dl><dt>PyTypeObject <b><tt id='l2h-581' xml:id='l2h-581' class="cdata">PyList_Type</tt></b></dt>
67	<dd>
68	This instance of <tt class="ctype">PyTypeObject</tt> represents the Python list
69	type. This is the same object as <code>types.ListType</code>.
70	<a id='l2h-583' xml:id='l2h-583'></a></dd></dl>
71
72	<P>
73	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int <b><tt id='l2h-584' xml:id='l2h-584' class="cfunction">PyList_Check</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>p</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
74	<dd>
75	Return true if <var>p</var> is a list object or an instance of a
76	subtype of the list type.
77
78	<span class="versionnote">Changed in version 2.2:
79	Allowed subtypes to be accepted.</span>
80
81	</dd></dl>
82
83	<P>
84	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int <b><tt id='l2h-585' xml:id='l2h-585' class="cfunction">PyList_CheckExact</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>p</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
85	<dd>
86	Return true if <var>p</var> is a list object, but not an instance of a
87	subtype of the list type.
88
89	<span class="versionnote">New in version 2.2.</span>
90
91	</dd></dl>
92
93	<P>
94	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>PyObject* <b><tt id='l2h-586' xml:id='l2h-586' class="cfunction">PyList_New</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>int <var>len</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
95	<dd>
96	<div class="refcount-info">
97	<span class="label">Return value:</span>
98	<span class="value">New reference.</span>
99	</div>
100	Return a new list of length <var>len</var> on success, or <tt class="constant">NULL</tt> on
101	failure.
102	</dd></dl>
103
104	<P>
105	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int <b><tt id='l2h-587' xml:id='l2h-587' class="cfunction">PyList_Size</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
106	<dd>
107	Return the length of the list object in <var>list</var>; this is
108	equivalent to "<tt class="samp">len(<var>list</var>)</tt>" on a list object.
109	<a id='l2h-588' xml:id='l2h-588'></a></dd></dl>
110
111	<P>
112	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int <b><tt id='l2h-589' xml:id='l2h-589' class="cfunction">PyList_GET_SIZE</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
113	<dd>
114	Macro form of <tt class="cfunction">PyList_Size()</tt> without error checking.
115	</dd></dl>
116
117	<P>
118	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>PyObject* <b><tt id='l2h-590' xml:id='l2h-590' class="cfunction">PyList_GetItem</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>, int <var>index</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
119	<dd>
120	<div class="refcount-info">
121	<span class="label">Return value:</span>
122	<span class="value">Borrowed reference.</span>
123	</div>
124	Return the object at position <var>pos</var> in the list pointed to by
125	<var>p</var>. If <var>pos</var> is out of bounds, return <tt class="constant">NULL</tt> and set an
126	<tt class="exception">IndexError</tt> exception.
127	</dd></dl>
128
129	<P>
130	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>PyObject* <b><tt id='l2h-591' xml:id='l2h-591' class="cfunction">PyList_GET_ITEM</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>, int <var>i</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
131	<dd>
132	<div class="refcount-info">
133	<span class="label">Return value:</span>
134	<span class="value">Borrowed reference.</span>
135	</div>
136	Macro form of <tt class="cfunction">PyList_GetItem()</tt> without error checking.
137	</dd></dl>
138
139	<P>
140	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int <b><tt id='l2h-592' xml:id='l2h-592' class="cfunction">PyList_SetItem</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>, int <var>index</var>,
141	PyObject *<var>item</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
142	<dd>
143	Set the item at index <var>index</var> in list to <var>item</var>. Return
144	<code>0</code> on success or <code>-1</code> on failure. <span class="note"><b class="label">Note:</b>
145	This function
146	``steals'' a reference to <var>item</var> and discards a reference to an
147	item already in the list at the affected position.</span>
148	</dd></dl>
149
150	<P>
151	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>void <b><tt id='l2h-593' xml:id='l2h-593' class="cfunction">PyList_SET_ITEM</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>, int <var>i</var>,
152	PyObject *<var>o</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
153	<dd>
154	Macro form of <tt class="cfunction">PyList_SetItem()</tt> without error checking.
155	This is normally only used to fill in new lists where there is no
156	previous content.
157	<span class="note"><b class="label">Note:</b>
158	This function ``steals'' a reference to <var>item</var>, and,
159	unlike <tt class="cfunction">PyList_SetItem()</tt>, does <em>not</em> discard a
160	reference to any item that it being replaced; any reference in
161	<var>list</var> at position <var>i</var> will be leaked.</span>
162	</dd></dl>
163
164	<P>
165	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int <b><tt id='l2h-594' xml:id='l2h-594' class="cfunction">PyList_Insert</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>, int <var>index</var>,
166	PyObject *<var>item</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
167	<dd>
168	Insert the item <var>item</var> into list <var>list</var> in front of index
169	<var>index</var>. Return <code>0</code> if successful; return <code>-1</code> and
170	set an exception if unsuccessful. Analogous to
171	<code><var>list</var>.insert(<var>index</var>, <var>item</var>)</code>.
172	</dd></dl>
173
174	<P>
175	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int <b><tt id='l2h-595' xml:id='l2h-595' class="cfunction">PyList_Append</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject <var>list</var>, PyObject <var>item</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
176	<dd>
177	Append the object <var>item</var> at the end of list <var>list</var>.
178	Return <code>0</code> if successful; return <code>-1</code> and set an
179	exception if unsuccessful. Analogous to
180	<code><var>list</var>.append(<var>item</var>)</code>.
181	</dd></dl>
182
183	<P>
184	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>PyObject* <b><tt id='l2h-596' xml:id='l2h-596' class="cfunction">PyList_GetSlice</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>,
185	int <var>low</var>, int <var>high</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
186	<dd>
187	<div class="refcount-info">
188	<span class="label">Return value:</span>
189	<span class="value">New reference.</span>
190	</div>
191	Return a list of the objects in <var>list</var> containing the objects
192	<em>between</em> <var>low</var> and <var>high</var>. Return <tt class="constant">NULL</tt> and set
193	an exception if unsuccessful.
194	Analogous to <code><var>list</var>[<var>low</var>:<var>high</var>]</code>.
195	</dd></dl>
196
197	<P>
198	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int <b><tt id='l2h-597' xml:id='l2h-597' class="cfunction">PyList_SetSlice</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>,
199	int <var>low</var>, int <var>high</var>,
200	PyObject *<var>itemlist</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
201	<dd>
202	Set the slice of <var>list</var> between <var>low</var> and <var>high</var> to the
203	contents of <var>itemlist</var>. Analogous to
204	<code><var>list</var>[<var>low</var>:<var>high</var>] = <var>itemlist</var></code>.
205	The <var>itemlist</var> may be <tt class="constant">NULL</tt>, indicating the assignment
206	of an empty list (slice deletion).
207	Return <code>0</code> on success, <code>-1</code> on failure.
208	</dd></dl>
209
210	<P>
211	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int <b><tt id='l2h-598' xml:id='l2h-598' class="cfunction">PyList_Sort</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
212	<dd>
213	Sort the items of <var>list</var> in place. Return <code>0</code> on
214	success, <code>-1</code> on failure. This is equivalent to
215	"<tt class="samp"><var>list</var>.sort()</tt>".
216	</dd></dl>
217
218	<P>
219	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>int <b><tt id='l2h-599' xml:id='l2h-599' class="cfunction">PyList_Reverse</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
220	<dd>
221	Reverse the items of <var>list</var> in place. Return <code>0</code> on
222	success, <code>-1</code> on failure. This is the equivalent of
223	"<tt class="samp"><var>list</var>.reverse()</tt>".
224	</dd></dl>
225
226	<P>
227	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"><td><nobr>PyObject* <b><tt id='l2h-600' xml:id='l2h-600' class="cfunction">PyList_AsTuple</tt></b>(</nobr></td><td>PyObject *<var>list</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
228	<dd>
229	<div class="refcount-info">
230	<span class="label">Return value:</span>
231	<span class="value">New reference.</span>
232	</div>
233	Return a new tuple object containing the contents of <var>list</var>;
234	equivalent to "<tt class="samp">tuple(<var>list</var>)</tt>".<a id='l2h-601' xml:id='l2h-601'></a></dd></dl>
235
236	<P>
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