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| 17 | <title>8.4 crypt -- Function to check Unix passwords</title> | |
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| 54 | ||
| 55 | <H1><A NAME="SECTION0010400000000000000000"> | |
| 56 | 8.4 <tt class="module">crypt</tt> -- | |
| 57 | Function to check <span class="Unix">Unix</span> passwords</A> | |
| 58 | </H1> | |
| 59 | ||
| 60 | <P> | |
| 61 | <A NAME="module-crypt"></A> | |
| 62 | <p class="availability">Availability: <span | |
| 63 | class="platform">Unix</span>.</p> | |
| 64 | ||
| 65 | <P> | |
| 66 | This module implements an interface to the | |
| 67 | <span class="manpage"><i>crypt</i>(3)</span><a id='l2h-2984' xml:id='l2h-2984'></a> routine, which is a one-way hash | |
| 68 | function based upon a modified DES<a id='l2h-2982' xml:id='l2h-2982'></a> algorithm; see | |
| 69 | the <span class="Unix">Unix</span> man page for further details. Possible uses include | |
| 70 | allowing Python scripts to accept typed passwords from the user, or | |
| 71 | attempting to crack <span class="Unix">Unix</span> passwords with a dictionary. | |
| 72 | ||
| 73 | <P> | |
| 74 | Notice that the behavior of this module depends on the actual implementation | |
| 75 | of the <span class="manpage"><i>crypt</i>(3)</span><a id='l2h-2985' xml:id='l2h-2985'></a> routine in the running system. | |
| 76 | Therefore, any extensions available on the current implementation will also | |
| 77 | be available on this module. | |
| 78 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
| 79 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-2983' xml:id='l2h-2983' class="function">crypt</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
| 80 | <td><var>word, salt</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
| 81 | <dd> | |
| 82 | <var>word</var> will usually be a user's password as typed at a prompt or | |
| 83 | in a graphical interface. <var>salt</var> is usually a random | |
| 84 | two-character string which will be used to perturb the DES algorithm | |
| 85 | in one of 4096 ways. The characters in <var>salt</var> must be in the | |
| 86 | set <tt class="regexp">[./a-zA-Z0-9]</tt>. Returns the hashed password as a | |
| 87 | string, which will be composed of characters from the same alphabet | |
| 88 | as the salt (the first two characters represent the salt itself). | |
| 89 | ||
| 90 | <P> | |
| 91 | Since a few <span class="manpage"><i>crypt</i>(3)</span><a id='l2h-2986' xml:id='l2h-2986'></a> extensions allow different | |
| 92 | values, with different sizes in the <var>salt</var>, it is recommended to use | |
| 93 | the full crypted password as salt when checking for a password. | |
| 94 | </dl> | |
| 95 | ||
| 96 | <P> | |
| 97 | A simple example illustrating typical use: | |
| 98 | ||
| 99 | <P> | |
| 100 | <div class="verbatim"><pre> | |
| 101 | import crypt, getpass, pwd | |
| 102 | ||
| 103 | def login(): | |
| 104 | username = raw_input('Python login:') | |
| 105 | cryptedpasswd = pwd.getpwnam(username)[1] | |
| 106 | if cryptedpasswd: | |
| 107 | if cryptedpasswd == 'x' or cryptedpasswd == '*': | |
| 108 | raise "Sorry, currently no support for shadow passwords" | |
| 109 | cleartext = getpass.getpass() | |
| 110 | return crypt.crypt(cleartext, cryptedpasswd) == cryptedpasswd | |
| 111 | else: | |
| 112 | return 1 | |
| 113 | </pre></div> | |
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