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55<H1><A NAME="SECTION009000000000000000000"></A><A NAME="concrete"></A>
56<BR>
577. Concrete Objects Layer
58</H1>
59
60<P>
61The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object
62types. Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea;
63if you receive an object from a Python program and you are not sure
64that it has the right type, you must perform a type check first;
65for example, to check that an object is a dictionary, use
66<tt class="cfunction">PyDict_Check()</tt>. The chapter is structured like the
67``family tree'' of Python object types.
68
69<P>
70<span class="warning"><b class="label">Warning:</b>
71While the functions described in this chapter carefully check
72the type of the objects which are passed in, many of them do not check
73for <tt class="constant">NULL</tt> being passed instead of a valid object. Allowing <tt class="constant">NULL</tt>
74to be passed in can cause memory access violations and immediate
75termination of the interpreter.</span>
76
77<P>
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85<LI><A href="fundamental.html">7.1 Fundamental Objects</a>
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87<LI><A href="typeObjects.html">7.1.1 Type Objects</a>
88<LI><A href="noneObject.html">7.1.2 The None Object</a>
89</ul>
90<LI><A href="numericObjects.html">7.2 Numeric Objects</a>
91<UL>
92<LI><A href="intObjects.html">7.2.1 Plain Integer Objects</a>
93<LI><A href="boolObjects.html">7.2.2 Boolean Objects</a>
94<LI><A href="longObjects.html">7.2.3 Long Integer Objects</a>
95<LI><A href="floatObjects.html">7.2.4 Floating Point Objects</a>
96<LI><A href="complexObjects.html">7.2.5 Complex Number Objects</a>
97<UL>
98<LI><A href="node39.html">7.2.5.1 Complex Numbers as C Structures</a>
99<LI><A href="node40.html">7.2.5.2 Complex Numbers as Python Objects</a>
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102<LI><A href="sequenceObjects.html">7.3 Sequence Objects</a>
103<UL>
104<LI><A href="stringObjects.html">7.3.1 String Objects</a>
105<LI><A href="unicodeObjects.html">7.3.2 Unicode Objects</a>
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112<LI><A href="listObjects.html">7.3.5 List Objects</a>
113</ul>
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115<UL>
116<LI><A href="dictObjects.html">7.4.1 Dictionary Objects</a>
117</ul>
118<LI><A href="otherObjects.html">7.5 Other Objects</a>
119<UL>
120<LI><A href="fileObjects.html">7.5.1 File Objects</a>
121<LI><A href="instanceObjects.html">7.5.2 Instance Objects</a>
122<LI><A href="method-objects.html">7.5.3 Method Objects</a>
123<LI><A href="moduleObjects.html">7.5.4 Module Objects</a>
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125<LI><A href="descriptor-objects.html">7.5.6 Descriptor Objects</a>
126<LI><A href="slice-objects.html">7.5.7 Slice Objects</a>
127<LI><A href="weakref-objects.html">7.5.8 Weak Reference Objects</a>
128<LI><A href="cObjects.html">7.5.9 CObjects</a>
129<LI><A href="cell-objects.html">7.5.10 Cell Objects</a>
130<LI><A href="gen-objects.html">7.5.11 Generator Objects</a>
131<LI><A href="datetime-objects.html">7.5.12 DateTime Objects</a>
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