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<H1><A NAME="SECTION0061000000000000000000">
4.10 <tt class="module">unicodedata</tt> --
         Unicode Database</A>
</H1>

<P>
<A NAME="module-unicodedata"></A>

<P>
<a id='l2h-1037' xml:id='l2h-1037'></a>
<a id='l2h-1023' xml:id='l2h-1023'></a>
<P>
This module provides access to the Unicode Character Database which
defines character properties for all Unicode characters. The data in
this database is based on the <span class="file">UnicodeData.txt</span> file version
3.2.0 which is publically available from <a class="url" href="ftp://ftp.unicode.org/">ftp://ftp.unicode.org/</a>.

<P>
The module uses the same names and symbols as defined by the
UnicodeData File Format 3.2.0 (see
<a class="url" href="http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.html">http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.html</a>).  It
defines the following functions:

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1024' xml:id='l2h-1024' class="function">lookup</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>name</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Look up character by name.  If a character with the
  given name is found, return the corresponding Unicode
  character.  If not found, <tt class="exception">KeyError</tt> is raised.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1025' xml:id='l2h-1025' class="function">name</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>unichr</var><big>[</big><var>, default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Returns the name assigned to the Unicode character
  <var>unichr</var> as a string. If no name is defined,
  <var>default</var> is returned, or, if not given,
  <tt class="exception">ValueError</tt> is raised.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1026' xml:id='l2h-1026' class="function">decimal</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>unichr</var><big>[</big><var>, default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Returns the decimal value assigned to the Unicode character
  <var>unichr</var> as integer. If no such value is defined,
  <var>default</var> is returned, or, if not given,
  <tt class="exception">ValueError</tt> is raised.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1027' xml:id='l2h-1027' class="function">digit</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>unichr</var><big>[</big><var>, default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Returns the digit value assigned to the Unicode character
  <var>unichr</var> as integer. If no such value is defined,
  <var>default</var> is returned, or, if not given,
  <tt class="exception">ValueError</tt> is raised.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1028' xml:id='l2h-1028' class="function">numeric</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>unichr</var><big>[</big><var>, default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Returns the numeric value assigned to the Unicode character
  <var>unichr</var> as float. If no such value is defined, <var>default</var> is
  returned, or, if not given, <tt class="exception">ValueError</tt> is raised.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1029' xml:id='l2h-1029' class="function">category</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Returns the general category assigned to the Unicode character
  <var>unichr</var> as string.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1030' xml:id='l2h-1030' class="function">bidirectional</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Returns the bidirectional category assigned to the Unicode character
  <var>unichr</var> as string. If no such value is defined, an empty string
  is returned.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1031' xml:id='l2h-1031' class="function">combining</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Returns the canonical combining class assigned to the Unicode
  character <var>unichr</var> as integer. Returns <code>0</code> if no combining
  class is defined.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1032' xml:id='l2h-1032' class="function">east_asian_width</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Returns the east asian width assigned to the Unicode character
  <var>unichr</var> as string.

<span class="versionnote">New in version 2.4.</span>

</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1033' xml:id='l2h-1033' class="function">mirrored</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Returns the mirrored property assigned to the Unicode character
  <var>unichr</var> as integer. Returns <code>1</code> if the character has been
  identified as a ``mirrored'' character in bidirectional text,
  <code>0</code> otherwise.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1034' xml:id='l2h-1034' class="function">decomposition</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Returns the character decomposition mapping assigned to the Unicode
  character <var>unichr</var> as string. An empty string is returned in case
  no such mapping is defined.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1035' xml:id='l2h-1035' class="function">normalize</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>form, unistr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>

<P>
Return the normal form <var>form</var> for the Unicode string <var>unistr</var>.
Valid values for <var>form</var> are 'NFC', 'NFKC', 'NFD', and 'NFKD'.

<P>
The Unicode standard defines various normalization forms of a Unicode
string, based on the definition of canonical equivalence and
compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, several characters can be
expressed in various way. For example, the character U+00C7 (LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA) can also be expressed as the sequence
U+0043 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C) U+0327 (COMBINING CEDILLA).

<P>
For each character, there are two normal forms: normal form C and
normal form D. Normal form D (NFD) is also known as canonical
decomposition, and translates each character into its decomposed form.
Normal form C (NFC) first applies a canonical decomposition, then
composes pre-combined characters again.

<P>
In addition to these two forms, there two additional normal forms
based on compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, certain characters are
supported which normally would be unified with other characters. For
example, U+2160 (ROMAN NUMERAL ONE) is really the same thing as U+0049
(LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I). However, it is supported in Unicode for
compatibility with existing character sets (e.g. gb2312).

<P>
The normal form KD (NFKD) will apply the compatibility decomposition,
i.e. replace all compatibility characters with their equivalents. The
normal form KC (NFKC) first applies the compatibility decomposition,
followed by the canonical composition.

<P>

<span class="versionnote">New in version 2.3.</span>

</dl>

<P>
In addition, the module exposes the following constant:

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1036' xml:id='l2h-1036'>unidata_version</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The version of the Unicode database used in this module.

<P>

<span class="versionnote">New in version 2.3.</span>

</dd></dl>

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	54
	55	<H1><A NAME="SECTION0061000000000000000000">
	56	4.10 <tt class="module">unicodedata</tt> --
	57	Unicode Database</A>
	58	</H1>
	59
	60	<P>
	61	<A NAME="module-unicodedata"></A>
	62
	63	<P>
	64	<a id='l2h-1037' xml:id='l2h-1037'></a>
65	<a id='l2h-1023' xml:id='l2h-1023'></a>
66	<P>
67	This module provides access to the Unicode Character Database which
68	defines character properties for all Unicode characters. The data in
69	this database is based on the <span class="file">UnicodeData.txt</span> file version
70	3.2.0 which is publically available from <a class="url" href="ftp://ftp.unicode.org/">ftp://ftp.unicode.org/</a>.
71
72	<P>
73	The module uses the same names and symbols as defined by the
74	UnicodeData File Format 3.2.0 (see
75	<a class="url" href="http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.html">http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.html</a>). It
76	defines the following functions:
77
78	<P>
79	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
80	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1024' xml:id='l2h-1024' class="function">lookup</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
81	<td><var>name</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
82	<dd>
83	Look up character by name. If a character with the
84	given name is found, return the corresponding Unicode
85	character. If not found, <tt class="exception">KeyError</tt> is raised.
86	</dl>
87
88	<P>
89	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
90	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1025' xml:id='l2h-1025' class="function">name</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
91	<td><var>unichr</var><big>[</big><var>, default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
92	<dd>
93	Returns the name assigned to the Unicode character
94	<var>unichr</var> as a string. If no name is defined,
95	<var>default</var> is returned, or, if not given,
96	<tt class="exception">ValueError</tt> is raised.
97	</dl>
98
99	<P>
100	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
101	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1026' xml:id='l2h-1026' class="function">decimal</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
102	<td><var>unichr</var><big>[</big><var>, default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
103	<dd>
104	Returns the decimal value assigned to the Unicode character
105	<var>unichr</var> as integer. If no such value is defined,
106	<var>default</var> is returned, or, if not given,
107	<tt class="exception">ValueError</tt> is raised.
108	</dl>
109
110	<P>
111	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
112	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1027' xml:id='l2h-1027' class="function">digit</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
113	<td><var>unichr</var><big>[</big><var>, default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
114	<dd>
115	Returns the digit value assigned to the Unicode character
116	<var>unichr</var> as integer. If no such value is defined,
117	<var>default</var> is returned, or, if not given,
118	<tt class="exception">ValueError</tt> is raised.
119	</dl>
120
121	<P>
122	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
123	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1028' xml:id='l2h-1028' class="function">numeric</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
124	<td><var>unichr</var><big>[</big><var>, default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
125	<dd>
126	Returns the numeric value assigned to the Unicode character
127	<var>unichr</var> as float. If no such value is defined, <var>default</var> is
128	returned, or, if not given, <tt class="exception">ValueError</tt> is raised.
129	</dl>
130
131	<P>
132	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
133	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1029' xml:id='l2h-1029' class="function">category</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
134	<td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
135	<dd>
136	Returns the general category assigned to the Unicode character
137	<var>unichr</var> as string.
138	</dl>
139
140	<P>
141	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
142	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1030' xml:id='l2h-1030' class="function">bidirectional</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
143	<td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
144	<dd>
145	Returns the bidirectional category assigned to the Unicode character
146	<var>unichr</var> as string. If no such value is defined, an empty string
147	is returned.
148	</dl>
149
150	<P>
151	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
152	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1031' xml:id='l2h-1031' class="function">combining</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
153	<td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
154	<dd>
155	Returns the canonical combining class assigned to the Unicode
156	character <var>unichr</var> as integer. Returns <code>0</code> if no combining
157	class is defined.
158	</dl>
159
160	<P>
161	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
162	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1032' xml:id='l2h-1032' class="function">east_asian_width</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
163	<td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
164	<dd>
165	Returns the east asian width assigned to the Unicode character
166	<var>unichr</var> as string.
167
168	<span class="versionnote">New in version 2.4.</span>
169
170	</dl>
171
172	<P>
173	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
174	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1033' xml:id='l2h-1033' class="function">mirrored</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
175	<td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
176	<dd>
177	Returns the mirrored property assigned to the Unicode character
178	<var>unichr</var> as integer. Returns <code>1</code> if the character has been
179	identified as a ``mirrored'' character in bidirectional text,
180	<code>0</code> otherwise.
181	</dl>
182
183	<P>
184	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
185	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1034' xml:id='l2h-1034' class="function">decomposition</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
186	<td><var>unichr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
187	<dd>
188	Returns the character decomposition mapping assigned to the Unicode
189	character <var>unichr</var> as string. An empty string is returned in case
190	no such mapping is defined.
191	</dl>
192
193	<P>
194	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
195	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1035' xml:id='l2h-1035' class="function">normalize</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
196	<td><var>form, unistr</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
197	<dd>
198
199	<P>
200	Return the normal form <var>form</var> for the Unicode string <var>unistr</var>.
201	Valid values for <var>form</var> are 'NFC', 'NFKC', 'NFD', and 'NFKD'.
202
203	<P>
204	The Unicode standard defines various normalization forms of a Unicode
205	string, based on the definition of canonical equivalence and
206	compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, several characters can be
207	expressed in various way. For example, the character U+00C7 (LATIN
208	CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA) can also be expressed as the sequence
209	U+0043 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C) U+0327 (COMBINING CEDILLA).
210
211	<P>
212	For each character, there are two normal forms: normal form C and
213	normal form D. Normal form D (NFD) is also known as canonical
214	decomposition, and translates each character into its decomposed form.
215	Normal form C (NFC) first applies a canonical decomposition, then
216	composes pre-combined characters again.
217
218	<P>
219	In addition to these two forms, there two additional normal forms
220	based on compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, certain characters are
221	supported which normally would be unified with other characters. For
222	example, U+2160 (ROMAN NUMERAL ONE) is really the same thing as U+0049
223	(LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I). However, it is supported in Unicode for
224	compatibility with existing character sets (e.g. gb2312).
225
226	<P>
227	The normal form KD (NFKD) will apply the compatibility decomposition,
228	i.e. replace all compatibility characters with their equivalents. The
229	normal form KC (NFKC) first applies the compatibility decomposition,
230	followed by the canonical composition.
231
232	<P>
233
234	<span class="versionnote">New in version 2.3.</span>
235
236	</dl>
237
238	<P>
239	In addition, the module exposes the following constant:
240
241	<P>
242	<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1036' xml:id='l2h-1036'>unidata_version</tt></b></dt>
243	<dd>
244	The version of the Unicode database used in this module.
245
246	<P>
247
248	<span class="versionnote">New in version 2.3.</span>
249
250	</dd></dl>
251
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