[unix-history] / usr / share / man / cat8 / badsect.0



BADSECT(8)		      1990		       BADSECT(8)


N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
     badsect - create files to contain bad sectors

S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
     /\b/e\bet\btc\bc/\b/b\bba\bad\bds\bse\bec\bct\bt bbdir sector ...

D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
     _\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt makes a file to contain a bad sector.  Normally, bad
     sectors are made inaccessible by the standard formatter,
     which provides a forwarding table for bad sectors to the
     driver; see _\bb_\ba_\bd_\b1_\b4_\b4(8) for details.  If a driver supports the
     bad blocking standard it is much preferable to use that
     method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding
     makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be
     copied with _\bd_\bd(1).  The technique used by this program is
     also less general than bad block forwarding, as _\bb_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt
     can't make amends for bad blocks in the i-list of file sys-
     tems or in swap areas.

     On some disks, adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the
     bad sector table currently requires the running of the stan-
     dard DEC formatter.  Thus to deal with a newly bad block or
     on disks where the drivers do not support the bad-blocking
     standard _\bb_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt may be used to good effect.

     _\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt is used on a quiet file system in the following way:
     First mount the file system, and change to its root direc-
     tory.  Make a directory BAD there.  Run _\bb_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt giving as
     argument the BAD directory followed by all the bad sectors
     you wish to add.  (The sector numbers must be relative to
     the beginning of the file system, but this is not hard as
     the system reports relative sector numbers in its console
     error messages.) Then change back to the root directory,
     unmount the file system and run _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk(8) on the file system.
     The bad sectors should show up in two files or in the bad
     sector files and the free list.  Have _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk remove files con-
     taining the offending bad sectors, but d\bdo\bo n\bno\bot\bt have it remove
     the BAD/_\bn_\bn_\bn_\bn_\bn files.  This will leave the bad sectors in
     only the BAD files.

     _\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt works by giving the specified sector numbers in a
     _\bm_\bk_\bn_\bo_\bd(2) system call, creating an illegal file whose first
     block address is the block containing bad sector and whose
     name is the bad sector number.  When it is discovered by
     _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk it will ask ``HOLD BAD BLOCK''?  A positive response
     will cause _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk to convert the inode to a regular file con-
     taining the bad block.

S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
     bad144(8), fsck(8), format(8V)


Printed 7/27/90               June				1


BADSECT(8)		      1990		       BADSECT(8)


D\bDI\bIA\bAG\bGN\bNO\bOS\bST\bTI\bIC\bCS\bS
     _\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt refuses to attach a block that resides in a critical
     area or is out of range of the file system.  A warning is
     issued if the block is already in use.

B\bBU\bUG\bGS\bS
     If more than one sector which comprise a file system frag-
     ment are bad, you should specify only one of them to _\bb_\ba_\bd_\b-
     _\bs_\be_\bc_\bt, as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover
     all the sectors in a file system fragment.


Printed 7/27/90               June				2
Commit	Line	Data
5eaf1089 C	1
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	4	BADSECT(8) 1990 BADSECT(8)
	5
	6
	7
	8	N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
	9	badsect - create files to contain bad sectors
	10
	11	S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
	12	/\b/e\bet\btc\bc/\b/b\bba\bad\bds\bse\bec\bct\bt bbdir sector ...
	13
	14	D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
	15	_\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt makes a file to contain a bad sector. Normally, bad
	16	sectors are made inaccessible by the standard formatter,
	17	which provides a forwarding table for bad sectors to the
	18	driver; see _\bb_\ba_\bd_\b1_\b4_\b4(8) for details. If a driver supports the
	19	bad blocking standard it is much preferable to use that
	20	method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding
	21	makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be
	22	copied with _\bd_\bd(1). The technique used by this program is
	23	also less general than bad block forwarding, as _\bb_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt
	24	can't make amends for bad blocks in the i-list of file sys-
	25	tems or in swap areas.
	26
	27	On some disks, adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the
	28	bad sector table currently requires the running of the stan-
	29	dard DEC formatter. Thus to deal with a newly bad block or
	30	on disks where the drivers do not support the bad-blocking
	31	standard _\bb_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt may be used to good effect.
	32
	33	_\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt is used on a quiet file system in the following way:
	34	First mount the file system, and change to its root direc-
	35	tory. Make a directory BAD there. Run _\bb_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt giving as
	36	argument the BAD directory followed by all the bad sectors
	37	you wish to add. (The sector numbers must be relative to
	38	the beginning of the file system, but this is not hard as
	39	the system reports relative sector numbers in its console
	40	error messages.) Then change back to the root directory,
	41	unmount the file system and run _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk(8) on the file system.
	42	The bad sectors should show up in two files or in the bad
	43	sector files and the free list. Have _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk remove files con-
	44	taining the offending bad sectors, but d\bdo\bo n\bno\bot\bt have it remove
	45	the BAD/_\bn_\bn_\bn_\bn_\bn files. This will leave the bad sectors in
	46	only the BAD files.
	47
	48	_\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt works by giving the specified sector numbers in a
	49	_\bm_\bk_\bn_\bo_\bd(2) system call, creating an illegal file whose first
	50	block address is the block containing bad sector and whose
	51	name is the bad sector number. When it is discovered by
	52	_\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk it will ask ``HOLD BAD BLOCK''? A positive response
	53	will cause _\bf_\bs_\bc_\bk to convert the inode to a regular file con-
	54	taining the bad block.
	55
	56	S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
	57	bad144(8), fsck(8), format(8V)
	58
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	63	Printed 7/27/90 June 1
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70	BADSECT(8) 1990 BADSECT(8)
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74	D\bDI\bIA\bAG\bGN\bNO\bOS\bST\bTI\bIC\bCS\bS
75	_\bB_\ba_\bd_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt refuses to attach a block that resides in a critical
76	area or is out of range of the file system. A warning is
77	issued if the block is already in use.
78
79	B\bBU\bUG\bGS\bS
80	If more than one sector which comprise a file system frag-
81	ment are bad, you should specify only one of them to _\bb_\ba_\bd_\b-
82	_\bs_\be_\bc_\bt, as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover
83	all the sectors in a file system fragment.
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129	Printed 7/27/90 June 2
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