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15637ed4 RG |
1 | /* |
2 | * Copyright (c) 1985 Regents of the University of California. | |
3 | * All rights reserved. | |
4 | * | |
5 | * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | |
6 | * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions | |
7 | * are met: | |
8 | * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | |
9 | * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | |
10 | * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | |
11 | * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | |
12 | * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | |
13 | * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software | |
14 | * must display the following acknowledgement: | |
15 | * This product includes software developed by the University of | |
16 | * California, Berkeley and its contributors. | |
17 | * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors | |
18 | * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software | |
19 | * without specific prior written permission. | |
20 | * | |
21 | * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND | |
22 | * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE | |
23 | * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE | |
24 | * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE | |
25 | * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL | |
26 | * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS | |
27 | * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) | |
28 | * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT | |
29 | * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY | |
30 | * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF | |
31 | * SUCH DAMAGE. | |
32 | */ | |
33 | ||
34 | #ifndef lint | |
35 | static char sccsid[] = "@(#)exp__E.c 5.6 (Berkeley) 10/9/90"; | |
36 | #endif /* not lint */ | |
37 | ||
38 | /* exp__E(x,c) | |
39 | * ASSUMPTION: c << x SO THAT fl(x+c)=x. | |
40 | * (c is the correction term for x) | |
41 | * exp__E RETURNS | |
42 | * | |
43 | * / exp(x+c) - 1 - x , 1E-19 < |x| < .3465736 | |
44 | * exp__E(x,c) = | | |
45 | * \ 0 , |x| < 1E-19. | |
46 | * | |
47 | * DOUBLE PRECISION (IEEE 53 bits, VAX D FORMAT 56 BITS) | |
48 | * KERNEL FUNCTION OF EXP, EXPM1, POW FUNCTIONS | |
49 | * CODED IN C BY K.C. NG, 1/31/85; | |
50 | * REVISED BY K.C. NG on 3/16/85, 4/16/85. | |
51 | * | |
52 | * Required system supported function: | |
53 | * copysign(x,y) | |
54 | * | |
55 | * Method: | |
56 | * 1. Rational approximation. Let r=x+c. | |
57 | * Based on | |
58 | * 2 * sinh(r/2) | |
59 | * exp(r) - 1 = ---------------------- , | |
60 | * cosh(r/2) - sinh(r/2) | |
61 | * exp__E(r) is computed using | |
62 | * x*x (x/2)*W - ( Q - ( 2*P + x*P ) ) | |
63 | * --- + (c + x*[---------------------------------- + c ]) | |
64 | * 2 1 - W | |
65 | * where P := p1*x^2 + p2*x^4, | |
66 | * Q := q1*x^2 + q2*x^4 (for 56 bits precision, add q3*x^6) | |
67 | * W := x/2-(Q-x*P), | |
68 | * | |
69 | * (See the listing below for the values of p1,p2,q1,q2,q3. The poly- | |
70 | * nomials P and Q may be regarded as the approximations to sinh | |
71 | * and cosh : | |
72 | * sinh(r/2) = r/2 + r * P , cosh(r/2) = 1 + Q . ) | |
73 | * | |
74 | * The coefficients were obtained by a special Remez algorithm. | |
75 | * | |
76 | * Approximation error: | |
77 | * | |
78 | * | exp(x) - 1 | 2**(-57), (IEEE double) | |
79 | * | ------------ - (exp__E(x,0)+x)/x | <= | |
80 | * | x | 2**(-69). (VAX D) | |
81 | * | |
82 | * Constants: | |
83 | * The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following constants. | |
84 | * The decimal values may be used, provided that the compiler will convert | |
85 | * from decimal to binary accurately enough to produce the hexadecimal values | |
86 | * shown. | |
87 | */ | |
88 | ||
89 | #include "mathimpl.h" | |
90 | ||
91 | vc(p1, 1.5150724356786683059E-2 ,3abe,3d78,066a,67e1, -6, .F83ABE67E1066A) | |
92 | vc(p2, 6.3112487873718332688E-5 ,5b42,3984,0173,48cd, -13, .845B4248CD0173) | |
93 | vc(q1, 1.1363478204690669916E-1 ,b95a,3ee8,ec45,44a2, -3, .E8B95A44A2EC45) | |
94 | vc(q2, 1.2624568129896839182E-3 ,7905,3ba5,f5e7,72e4, -9, .A5790572E4F5E7) | |
95 | vc(q3, 1.5021856115869022674E-6 ,9eb4,36c9,c395,604a, -19, .C99EB4604AC395) | |
96 | ||
97 | ic(p1, 1.3887401997267371720E-2, -7, 1.C70FF8B3CC2CF) | |
98 | ic(p2, 3.3044019718331897649E-5, -15, 1.15317DF4526C4) | |
99 | ic(q1, 1.1110813732786649355E-1, -4, 1.C719538248597) | |
100 | ic(q2, 9.9176615021572857300E-4, -10, 1.03FC4CB8C98E8) | |
101 | ||
102 | #ifdef vccast | |
103 | #define p1 vccast(p1) | |
104 | #define p2 vccast(p2) | |
105 | #define q1 vccast(q1) | |
106 | #define q2 vccast(q2) | |
107 | #define q3 vccast(q3) | |
108 | #endif | |
109 | ||
110 | double exp__E(x,c) | |
111 | double x,c; | |
112 | { | |
113 | const static double zero=0.0, one=1.0, half=1.0/2.0, small=1.0E-19; | |
114 | double z,p,q,xp,xh,w; | |
115 | if(copysign(x,one)>small) { | |
116 | z = x*x ; | |
117 | p = z*( p1 +z* p2 ); | |
118 | #if defined(vax)||defined(tahoe) | |
119 | q = z*( q1 +z*( q2 +z* q3 )); | |
120 | #else /* defined(vax)||defined(tahoe) */ | |
121 | q = z*( q1 +z* q2 ); | |
122 | #endif /* defined(vax)||defined(tahoe) */ | |
123 | xp= x*p ; | |
124 | xh= x*half ; | |
125 | w = xh-(q-xp) ; | |
126 | p = p+p; | |
127 | c += x*((xh*w-(q-(p+xp)))/(one-w)+c); | |
128 | return(z*half+c); | |
129 | } | |
130 | /* end of |x| > small */ | |
131 | ||
132 | else { | |
133 | if(x!=zero) one+small; /* raise the inexact flag */ | |
134 | return(copysign(zero,x)); | |
135 | } | |
136 | } |