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1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991 Regents of the University of California. |
2 | .\" All rights reserved. | |
3 | .\" | |
4 | .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | |
5 | .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions | |
6 | .\" are met: | |
7 | .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | |
8 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | |
9 | .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | |
10 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | |
11 | .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | |
12 | .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software | |
13 | .\" must display the following acknowledgement: | |
14 | .\" This product includes software developed by the University of | |
15 | .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. | |
16 | .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors | |
17 | .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software | |
18 | .\" without specific prior written permission. | |
19 | .\" | |
20 | .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND | |
21 | .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE | |
22 | .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE | |
23 | .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE | |
24 | .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL | |
25 | .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS | |
26 | .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) | |
27 | .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT | |
28 | .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY | |
29 | .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF | |
30 | .\" SUCH DAMAGE. | |
31 | .\" | |
32 | .\" @(#)intro.3 6.11 (Berkeley) 7/31/91 | |
33 | .\" | |
34 | .Dd July 31, 1991 | |
35 | .Dt INTRO 3 | |
36 | .Os BSD 4 | |
37 | .Sh NAME | |
38 | .Nm intro | |
39 | .Nd introduction to the C libraries | |
40 | .Sh DESCRIPTION | |
41 | This section provides an overview of the C | |
42 | library functions, their error returns and other | |
43 | common definitions and concepts. | |
44 | Most of these functions are available from the C library, | |
45 | .Em libc | |
46 | (see | |
47 | .Xr libc 3 ) . | |
48 | Other libraries, such as the math library, | |
49 | .Em libm , | |
50 | must be indicated at compile time with the | |
51 | .Fl l | |
52 | option of the compiler. | |
53 | .Pp | |
54 | A subset of the | |
55 | .Xr libc functions | |
56 | are available from Fortran; | |
57 | they are described separately in | |
58 | .Xr intro 3f . | |
59 | .Pp | |
60 | The various libraries (followed by the loader flag): | |
61 | .Bl -tag -width "libc (-lc)" | |
62 | .It Xr libc Pq Fl l Ns Ar c | |
63 | Standard C library functions. (See | |
64 | .Xr libc 3 . ) When using the C compiler | |
65 | .Xr cc 1 , | |
66 | it is not necessary | |
67 | to supply the loader flag | |
68 | .Fl l Ns Ar c | |
69 | for these functions. | |
70 | There are several `libraries' or groups of functions included inside of | |
71 | .Xr libc : the standard | |
72 | .Tn I/O | |
73 | routines, | |
74 | database routines, | |
75 | bit operators, | |
76 | string operators, | |
77 | character tests and character operators, | |
78 | des encryption routines, | |
79 | storage allocation, time functions, signal handling and more. | |
80 | .It Xo | |
81 | .Xr libcurses | |
82 | .Pf ( Fl l Ns Ar curses | |
83 | .Fl l Ns Ar termcap ) | |
84 | .Xc | |
85 | Terminal independent screen management routines | |
86 | for two dimensional non-bitmap display terminals. | |
87 | (See | |
88 | .Xr curses 3 . ) | |
89 | .It Xr libcompat Pq Fl l Ns Ar compat | |
90 | Functions which are obsolete but are available for compatibility with | |
91 | .Bx 4.3 . | |
92 | In particular, | |
93 | a number of system call interfaces provided in previous releases of | |
94 | .Bx | |
95 | have been included for source code compatibility. | |
96 | Use of these routines should, for the most part, be avoided. | |
97 | The manual page entry for each compatibility routine | |
98 | indicates the proper interface to use. | |
99 | .\" .It Xr libkvm | |
100 | .It Xr libl Pq Fl l Ns Ar l | |
101 | The library for | |
102 | .Xr lex 1 . | |
103 | .\" .It Xr libln | |
104 | .It Xr libm Pq Fl l Ns Ar m | |
105 | The math library, | |
106 | .Em libm . | |
107 | The math library is loaded as needed by the Pascal compiler | |
108 | .Xr pc 1 , | |
109 | but not by the C compiler which requires the | |
110 | .Fl l Ns Ar m | |
111 | flag. | |
112 | (See | |
113 | .Xr math 3 . ) | |
114 | .It Xr libmp Pq Fl l Ns Ar mp | |
115 | .\" .It Xr libom | |
116 | .\" Old math library. | |
117 | .It Xr libplot Pq Fl l Ns Ar plot | |
118 | Device independent plotting functions. | |
119 | (See | |
120 | .Xr plot 3 . ) | |
121 | .It Xr libplotf77 Pq Fl l Ns Ar plotf77 | |
122 | The device independent plotting functions for fortran. | |
123 | (See | |
124 | .Xr plot 3 . ) | |
125 | .\" .It Xr libresolv Pq Fl l Ns Ar resolv | |
126 | .\" Routines for network address resolution. | |
127 | .It Xr libtermcap Fl l Ns Ar termcap | |
128 | The terminal independent operation library package. (See | |
129 | .Xr termcap 3 . ) | |
130 | .\" .It libvt0.a | |
131 | .It Xr liby Pq Fl l Ns Ar y | |
132 | The library for | |
133 | .Xr yacc 1 . | |
134 | .El | |
135 | .Sh FILES | |
136 | .Bl -tag -width /usr/lib/libm_p.a -compact | |
137 | .It Pa /usr/lib/libc.a | |
138 | the C library | |
139 | .It Pa /usr/lib/libm.a | |
140 | the math library | |
141 | .It Pa /usr/lib/libc_p.a | |
142 | the C library compiled for profiling | |
143 | .It Pa /usr/lib/libm_p.a | |
144 | the math library compiled for profiling | |
145 | .El | |
146 | .Sh SEE ALSO | |
147 | .\" .Xr libc 3 , | |
148 | .Xr stdio 3 , | |
149 | .Xr math 3 , | |
150 | .Xr intro 2 , | |
151 | .Xr cc 1 , | |
152 | .Xr ld 1 , | |
153 | .Xr nm 1 | |
154 | .\" .Sh LIST OF FUNCTIONS | |
155 | .\" .Bl -column "strncasecmpxxx" "system" | |
156 | .\" .Sy Name Description | |
157 | .\" .El | |
158 | .Sh HISTORY | |
159 | An | |
160 | .Nm intro | |
161 | manual appeared in | |
162 | .At v7 . |