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2 | FreeBSD |
3 | Frequently Asked Questions | |
4 | For Version 1.1 and above | |
5 | Please mail all suggestions and additions to <FreeBSD-FAQ@freefall.cdrom.com> | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
6 | |
7 | ||
0b834f39 | 8 | Revision: $Id: FreeBSD.FAQ,v 1.18 1994/04/23 11:35:22 jkh Exp $ |
9be3e9fc GCI |
9 | |
10 | ||
11 | Table of Contents | |
12 | ----------------- | |
13 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
14 | 0 Preface |
15 | 1 Installation | |
16 | 2 Hardware Compatibility | |
17 | 3 Commercial applications | |
18 | 4 User Applications | |
097d4e7a | 19 | 5 Miscellaneous Questions |
58b988d7 | 20 | 6 Kernel Configuration |
097d4e7a | 21 | 7 System Administration |
58b988d7 GW |
22 | 8 Networking |
23 | 9 Serial Communications | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
24 | |
25 | ||
097d4e7a | 26 | \f |
58b988d7 GW |
27 | 0 Preface |
28 | --------- | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
29 | |
30 | Welcome to the FreeBSD 1.1 FAQ! This document tries to answer some of | |
097d4e7a GW |
31 | the most frequently asked questions about FreeBSD 1.1 (or later, |
32 | unless specifically indicated). If there's something you're having | |
33 | trouble with and you just don't see it here, then please send mail to: | |
9be3e9fc | 34 | |
097d4e7a | 35 | <FreeBSD-questions@freefall.cdrom.com> |
9be3e9fc GCI |
36 | |
37 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
38 | Some of the instructions here will also refer to auxiliary utilities |
39 | in the /usr/src/contrib/FAQ directory. CDROM purchasers and net folks | |
40 | who've grabbed the FreeBSD 1.1 `srcdist' will have these files. If | |
41 | you don't have the source distribution, then you can either grab the | |
42 | whole thing from: | |
9be3e9fc | 43 | |
097d4e7a | 44 | FreeBSD.cdrom.com:pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-1.1 |
9be3e9fc | 45 | |
097d4e7a GW |
46 | Or you can grab only those files you're interested in straight out of |
47 | the FreeBSD-current distribution in: | |
9be3e9fc | 48 | |
097d4e7a | 49 | FreeBSD.cdrom.com:pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src |
9be3e9fc | 50 | |
097d4e7a | 51 | 0.1: What is FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
52 | |
53 | FreeBSD is a UN*X type operating system based on William Jolitz's port | |
097d4e7a GW |
54 | of U.C. Berkeley's Networking Release 2 to the i386, 386BSD. It is no |
55 | longer correct to say that FreeBSD is only 386BSD with the patchkit | |
56 | applied! There have been many additions and bug fixes made throughout | |
57 | the entire system, some of the highlights of which are: | |
32e6aeb0 JH |
58 | |
59 | More robust and extensive PC device support | |
097d4e7a | 60 | System V-style IPC, messaging and semaphores |
32e6aeb0 JH |
61 | Shared Libraries |
62 | Much improved virtual memory code | |
63 | Better console driver support | |
64 | Network booting (diskless) support | |
65 | /proc filesystem | |
66 | Yellow Pages support | |
67 | `LDT' support for WINE (primitive but developing Windows emulation) | |
68 | Too many additional utilities and applications to mention | |
69 | ||
9be3e9fc | 70 | |
097d4e7a GW |
71 | 0.2: My friends told me that FreeBSD was illegal and I shouldn't use it. |
72 | Is this really true? | |
008edb68 | 73 | |
097d4e7a GW |
74 | FreeBSD versions up to and including 1.1 have included code from |
75 | Berkeley's Net/2 distribution. UNIX Systems Laboratories (now Novell) | |
76 | sued Berkeley claiming that Net/2 included some code that belonged to | |
77 | USL. In February of 1994, USL and Berkeley announced a settlement in | |
78 | which neither side admitted to doing anything wrong, but UCB agreed to | |
79 | stop distributing the disputed software. | |
008edb68 GW |
80 | |
81 | Since Berkeley will no longer defend this code, we have been requested | |
097d4e7a GW |
82 | to stop distributing it, and will be integrating all the improvements |
83 | we have made in the VM system and i386-specific code into Berkeley's | |
84 | 4.4-Lite distribution; the result will form the basis of the next | |
85 | release of FreeBSD (we haven't decided whether to call it 1.2 or 2.0). | |
86 | We expect the integration to take place over a period of three to six | |
87 | months, during which time we will have to stop work on 1.1 and | |
88 | concentrate all our efforts on the merge. | |
89 | ||
90 | We expect to make more information available on the status of the | |
91 | merge effort as the situation progresses. | |
92 | ||
93 | 0.3: What are the FreeBSD mailing lists, and how can I get on them? | |
94 | ||
95 | The following mailing lists are provided for FreeBSD users and | |
96 | developers. For more information, send to | |
97 | <majordomo@freefall.cdrom.com> and include a single line saying | |
98 | ``help'' in the body of your message. | |
99 | ||
100 | FreeBSD-hackers: Useful for persons wishing to work on the internals. | |
101 | FreeBSD-questions: General questions on FreeBSD. | |
102 | FreeBSD-bugs: Where bugs should be sent. | |
103 | FreeBSD-commit: This list carries the commit messages for freefall. Useful | |
9be3e9fc | 104 | for tracking ongoing work. |
097d4e7a GW |
105 | FreeBSD-SCSI: Mailing list for SCSI developers. |
106 | FreeBSD-current: This list is for persons wishing to run FreeBSD-current | |
107 | and carries announcements and discussions on current. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
108 | |
109 | Please see also the FreeBSD mailing list FAQ in: | |
32e6aeb0 | 110 | |
097d4e7a | 111 | /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/OTHER-FAQS/FreeBSD.mailing-list.FAQ |
9be3e9fc | 112 | |
097d4e7a | 113 | 0.4: What are the various FreeBSD news groups? |
9be3e9fc | 114 | |
097d4e7a GW |
115 | While there are no groups currently dedicated to FreeBSD, you may find |
116 | the following groups useful. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
117 | |
118 | comp.os.386bsd.announce: For announcements | |
6fa35152 | 119 | comp.os.386bsd.apps: For applications |
9be3e9fc GCI |
120 | comp.os.386bsd.questions: For questions |
121 | comp.os.386bsd.development: For working on the internals | |
122 | comp.os.386bsd.bugs: About bugs | |
123 | comp.os.386bsd.misc: For items that don't fit anywhere else | |
124 | ||
32e6aeb0 | 125 | NOTE: These groups cover all the *BSDs (FreeBSD, NetBSD, 386BSD). |
9be3e9fc GCI |
126 | |
127 | ||
097d4e7a | 128 | \f |
58b988d7 GW |
129 | 1 Installation |
130 | -------------- | |
9be3e9fc | 131 | |
097d4e7a GW |
132 | 1.1: I just installed my system and rebooted. Now I can't find the |
133 | extract or configure programs, where did they go? | |
9be3e9fc | 134 | |
28d2f186 | 135 | These two commands are just shell functions defined in /.profile. To |
097d4e7a | 136 | get these back, boot FreeBSD with a `-s' at the boot prompt. |
9be3e9fc GCI |
137 | |
138 | ||
7fa46f7a JH |
139 | 1.2: I want to install FreeBSD onto a SCSI disk that has more than |
140 | 1024 cylinders. How do I do it? | |
9be3e9fc | 141 | |
097d4e7a GW |
142 | This depends. If you don't have DOS (or another operating system) on |
143 | the system, you can just keep the drive in native mode and simply make | |
144 | sure that your root partition is below 1024 so the BIOS can boot the | |
145 | kernel from it. It you also have DOS/some other OS on the drive then | |
146 | your best bet is to find out what parameters that it thinks you have | |
147 | before installing FreeBSD. When FreeBSD's installation procedure | |
148 | prompts you for these values, you should then enter them rather than | |
149 | simply going with the defaults. | |
9be3e9fc | 150 | |
097d4e7a GW |
151 | There is a freely available utility distributed with FreeBSD called |
152 | `pfdisk' (located in the tools/ subdirectory) which can be used for | |
153 | this purpose. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
154 | |
155 | ||
097d4e7a | 156 | 1.3: When I boot FreeBSD it says ``Missing Operating System''. |
9be3e9fc | 157 | |
097d4e7a GW |
158 | See question 1.2. This is classically a case of FreeBSD and DOS or |
159 | some other OS conflicting over their ideas of disk geometry. You will | |
160 | have to reinstall FreeBSD, but obeying the instructions given above | |
161 | will almost always get you going. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
162 | |
163 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
164 | 1.4: I have an IDE drive with lots of bad blocks on it and FreeBSD doesn't |
165 | seem to install properly. | |
9be3e9fc | 166 | |
097d4e7a GW |
167 | FreeBSD's bad block (bad144) handling is still not 100% (to put it |
168 | charitably) and it must unfortunately be said that if you've got an | |
169 | IDE or ESDI drive with lots of bad blocks, then FreeBSD is probably | |
170 | not for you! That said, it does work on thousands of IDE based | |
171 | systems, so you'd do well to try it first before simply giving up. | |
9be3e9fc | 172 | |
28d2f186 GW |
173 | IDE drives are *supposed* to come with built-in bad-block remapping; |
174 | if you have documentation for your drive, you may want to see if this | |
175 | feature has been disabled on your drive. However, ESDI, RLL, and | |
176 | ST-506 drives normally do not do this. | |
177 | ||
9be3e9fc | 178 | |
097d4e7a | 179 | 1.5: I have 32MB of memory, should I expect any special problems? |
9be3e9fc | 180 | |
28d2f186 GW |
181 | If you have an IDE controller, no. Likewise, if you have a full EISA |
182 | system with EISA disk controller or a working local bus controller | |
183 | (read further) you'll have no problems. If you have an ISA system, or | |
184 | an EISA system with an ISA disk controller then you will most | |
185 | certainly have problems with the upper 16MB of memory due to the ISA | |
186 | 24 bit DMA limitation (which ISA cards in EISA systems will also | |
187 | exhibit). If you have a local bus disk controller, then you should be | |
188 | OK, UNLESS it's a Buslogic Bt445S with a revision less than `D' (BIOS | |
189 | 3.36 or earlier). Never fear, however, as all is not lost. | |
190 | FreeBSD-current (and the upcoming FreeBSD 1.2) have bounce-buffer | |
191 | support that make all of the above scenarios work with a full 32MB of | |
192 | memory or more. You are therefore advised to simply pull 16MB of | |
193 | memory out, install, and then see about upgrading to FreeBSD-current | |
194 | or FreeBSD 1.2 (when it comes out) so that you can put it back. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
195 | |
196 | ||
097d4e7a | 197 | 1.6: Do I need to install the complete sources? |
58b988d7 GW |
198 | |
199 | In general, no. However, we would strongly recommend that you | |
200 | install, at a minimum, the `base' source kit, which includes several | |
201 | of the files mentioned here, and the `sys' (kernel) source kit, which | |
202 | includes sources for the kernel. There is nothing in the system which | |
203 | requires the presence of the sources to operate, however, except for | |
204 | the kernel-configuration program config(8). With the exception of the | |
205 | kernel sources, our build structure is set up so that you can | |
206 | read-only mount the sources from elsewhere via NFS and still be able | |
207 | to make new binaries. (Because of the kernel-source restriction, we | |
208 | recommend that you not mount this on /usr/src directly, but rather in | |
209 | some other location with appropriate symbolic links to duplicate the | |
210 | top-level structure of the source tree.) | |
211 | ||
212 | Having the sources on-line and knowing how to build a system with them | |
213 | will make it much easier for you to upgrade to future releases of | |
214 | FreeBSD. | |
215 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
216 | 1.7: DES encryption software can not be exported from the United |
217 | States. If I live outside the US, how can I encrypt passwords? | |
875be44f GR |
218 | |
219 | Since the DES encryption algorithm, which is used by passwd(1) and | |
220 | friends to encrypt passwords cannot legally be exported from the US, | |
097d4e7a | 221 | non-US users should not download this software from US FTP sites. |
875be44f GR |
222 | |
223 | There is however a replacement libcrypt available, based on sources | |
224 | written in Australia by David Burren. This code is now available on | |
097d4e7a GW |
225 | some non-US FreeBSD mirror sites. Sources for the unencumbered |
226 | libcrypt, and binaries of the programs which use it, can be obtained | |
227 | from the following FTP sites: | |
7fa46f7a | 228 | |
097d4e7a GW |
229 | South Africa: braae.ru.ac.za:/pub/FreeBSD/securedist/ |
230 | owl.und.ac.za (currently uncertain) | |
231 | Iceland: ftp.veda.is:/pub/crypt/FreeBSD/ | |
875be44f GR |
232 | |
233 | The non-US securedist can be used as a direct replacement for the | |
234 | encumbered US securedist. This securedist package is installed the | |
097d4e7a GW |
235 | same way as the US package (see installation notes for details). If |
236 | you are going to install DES encryption, you should do so as soon as | |
237 | possible, before installing other software. | |
875be44f GR |
238 | |
239 | Non-US users should please not download any encryption software from | |
240 | the USA. This can get the maintainers of the sites from which the | |
241 | software is downloaded into severe legal difficulties. | |
242 | ||
243 | A non-US distribution of Kerberos is also being developed, and current | |
097d4e7a GW |
244 | versions can generally be obtained by anonymous FTP from |
245 | braae.ru.ac.za. | |
875be44f GR |
246 | |
247 | There is also a mailing list for the discussion of non-US encryption | |
7fa46f7a | 248 | software. For more information, send an email message with a single |
097d4e7a GW |
249 | line saying ``help'' in the body of your message to |
250 | <majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za>. | |
875be44f GR |
251 | |
252 | ||
097d4e7a | 253 | \f |
58b988d7 GW |
254 | 2 Hardware compatibility |
255 | ------------------------ | |
9be3e9fc | 256 | |
097d4e7a | 257 | 2.1: What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD run on? |
9be3e9fc | 258 | |
28d2f186 GW |
259 | FreeBSD supports ST-506 (sometimes called ``MFM''), RLL, and ESDI |
260 | drives, which are usually connected to WD-1002, WD-1003, or WD-1006 | |
875be44f GR |
261 | controllers (although clones should also work). FreeBSD also supports |
262 | IDE and SCSI hard drives. | |
9be3e9fc | 263 | |
097d4e7a | 264 | 2.2: What SCSI controllers are supported? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
265 | |
266 | FreeBSD supports the following SCSI controllers: | |
267 | ||
28d2f186 | 268 | Adaptec AH-1542 Series <ISA> |
9be3e9fc | 269 | AH-1742 Series <EISA> |
58b988d7 | 270 | Buslogic BT-445 Series <VLB> (but see section 1.5) |
9be3e9fc GCI |
271 | BT-545 Series <ISA> |
272 | BT-742 Series <EISA> | |
245b6898 | 273 | BT-747 Series <EISA> |
9be3e9fc | 274 | UltraStor UH-14f Series <ISA> |
4a219cbb | 275 | UH-34f Series <EISA/VLB> |
9be3e9fc | 276 | |
097d4e7a GW |
277 | There is supposed to be a UltraStor 24f driver floating around, but |
278 | we're not sure where (could someone please point us at it?). Note | |
279 | that we do NOT support `Future Domain' or `IN2000' SCSI controllers, | |
280 | typically the little $50 specials you get with some CDROM drives. You | |
281 | will have to buy a more mainstream (and capable) SCSI controller. The | |
282 | Buslogic controllers are currently the easiest to get. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
283 | |
284 | ||
097d4e7a | 285 | 2.3: What CD-ROM drives are supported by FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc | 286 | |
097d4e7a GW |
287 | Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller. Mitsumi |
288 | LU002(8bit), LU005(16bit) and FX001D(16bit 2x Speed). | |
9be3e9fc | 289 | |
28d2f186 GW |
290 | FreeBSD does NOT support drives connected to a Sound Blaster or |
291 | non-SCSI SONY or Panasonic drives. A general rule of thumb when | |
292 | selecting a CDROM drive for FreeBSD use is to buy a very standard SCSI | |
293 | model; they cost more, but deliver very solid performance in return. | |
294 | Do not be fooled by very cheap drives that, in turn, deliver VERY LOW | |
295 | performance! As always, you get what you pay for. | |
296 | ||
297 | The Mitsumi driver is known to be extremely slow compared to SCSI | |
298 | drives. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
299 | |
300 | ||
097d4e7a | 301 | 2.4: What multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc | 302 | |
097d4e7a GW |
303 | AST/4 and BOCA 4/8 port cards. Some unnamed clone cards have also |
304 | been known to work, especially those that claim to be AST compatible. | |
305 | Check the sio(4) man page to get more information on configuring such | |
306 | cards. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
307 | |
308 | ||
097d4e7a | 309 | 2.5: Does FreeBSD support the AHA-2742 SCSI adapter from Adaptec? |
9be3e9fc | 310 | |
097d4e7a GW |
311 | No, FreeBSD does not. This is due to Adaptec's unwillingness to |
312 | supply programming information under other than non-disclosure. This | |
313 | is unfortunate, but there's nothing we can do about it. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
314 | |
315 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
316 | 2.6: I have a Mumbleco bus mouse. Is it supported and if so, how do I set |
317 | it up for XFree86? | |
9be3e9fc | 318 | |
28d2f186 GW |
319 | FreeBSD supports the Logitech and ATI Inport bus mice. You need to |
320 | add the following line to the kernel config file and recompile for the | |
321 | Logitech and ATI mice: | |
9be3e9fc | 322 | |
097d4e7a | 323 | device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq6 vector mseintr |
9be3e9fc GCI |
324 | |
325 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
326 | 2.7: I have a PS/2 mouse (`keyboard' mouse) [Alternatively: I have a |
327 | laptop with a track-ball mouse]. How do I use it? | |
9be3e9fc | 328 | |
097d4e7a GW |
329 | For the PS/2 mouse you need to look in |
330 | /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/programs/psm, which is John Solhed's port of the | |
331 | Linux PS/2 mouse driver. | |
9be3e9fc | 332 | |
097d4e7a GW |
333 | Follow the directions in the package. You will also need to change |
334 | your Xconfig file to point to the mouse. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
335 | |
336 | ||
097d4e7a | 337 | 2.8: What types of tape drives are supported under FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc | 338 | |
097d4e7a GW |
339 | FreeBSD supports SCSI, QIC-02 and QIC-40/80 (Floppy based) tape |
340 | drives. This includes 8-mm (aka Exabyte) and DAT drives. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
341 | |
342 | ||
097d4e7a | 343 | 2.9: What sound cards are supported by FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc | 344 | |
097d4e7a GW |
345 | FreeBSD supports the SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, Pro Audio |
346 | Spectrum 16, AdLib and Gravis UltraSound sound cards. There is also | |
347 | limited support for MPU-401 and compatible MIDI cards. The | |
348 | SoundBlaster 16 and SoundBlaster 16 ASP cards are not yet supported. | |
349 | NOTE: This is only for sound! This driver does not support CD-ROMs, | |
350 | SCSI or joysticks on these cards. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
351 | |
352 | ||
097d4e7a | 353 | 2.10: What network cards does FreeBSD support? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
354 | |
355 | There is support for the following cards: | |
9be3e9fc | 356 | |
28d2f186 | 357 | `ed' driver: |
097d4e7a GW |
358 | NE2000 and 1000 |
359 | WD/SMC 8003,8013 and Elite Ultra (8216) | |
360 | 3Com 3c503 | |
361 | And clones of the above | |
28d2f186 GW |
362 | |
363 | `ie' driver: | |
097d4e7a | 364 | AT&T EN100/StarLAN 10 |
28d2f186 | 365 | |
9a5e2769 | 366 | `is' driver: |
097d4e7a GW |
367 | Isolan AT 4141-0 |
368 | Isolink 4110 | |
28d2f186 GW |
369 | |
370 | `ep' driver: | |
097d4e7a | 371 | 3com 3c509 (*) |
28d2f186 GW |
372 | |
373 | ||
374 | (*)The `ep' driver is known to have some problems; see the | |
375 | /usr/src/KNOWNBUGS file for more details. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
376 | |
377 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
378 | 2.11: I have a 386/486sx/486SLC machine without a math co-processor. |
379 | Will this cause me any problems? | |
d73430f6 JH |
380 | |
381 | Generally no, but there are circumstances where you will take a hit, | |
382 | either in performance or accuracy of the math emulation code (see | |
097d4e7a GW |
383 | section 4.1). In particular, drawing arcs in X will be VERY slow. It |
384 | is highly recommended that you lay out the $50 or so for a math | |
385 | co-processor; it's well worth it. NOTE: Some math co-processors are | |
386 | better than others. It pains us to say it, but nobody ever got fired | |
387 | for buying Intel. Unless you're sure it works with FreeBSD, beware of | |
388 | clones. | |
d73430f6 JH |
389 | |
390 | ||
097d4e7a | 391 | \f |
58b988d7 GW |
392 | 3 Commercial Applications |
393 | ------------------------- | |
9be3e9fc | 394 | |
28d2f186 GW |
395 | Note: This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of |
396 | course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no | |
397 | financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply | |
398 | lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest in | |
399 | FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term | |
400 | viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their | |
401 | entries here for inclusion. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
402 | |
403 | ||
097d4e7a | 404 | 3.1: Where can I get Motif for FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc | 405 | |
32e6aeb0 | 406 | Sequoia International provides commercial quality Motif 1.2.3 |
097d4e7a GW |
407 | development kits for FreeBSD 1.1 (with full shared library support) |
408 | under the product name of `SWiM'. Due to licensing restrictions from | |
409 | the OSF, and the fact that Sequoia needs to make a living, these are | |
410 | NOT FREE, but nonetheless quite reasonably priced in comparison to | |
411 | many other commercial Motif distributions. Send electronic mail to | |
412 | <info@seq.com> for further information. | |
9be3e9fc | 413 | |
097d4e7a | 414 | 3.2: What about other commercial quality development systems for FreeBSD? |
9be3e9fc | 415 | |
38b6cb21 | 416 | ParcPlace Systems, Inc., who currently provides their excellent |
097d4e7a GW |
417 | `Object Interface & Object Builder' GUI development environment free |
418 | of charge to Linux users, is considering the the FreeBSD platform and | |
419 | will make their intentions known fairly shortly. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
420 | |
421 | ||
097d4e7a | 422 | \f |
58b988d7 GW |
423 | 4 User Applications |
424 | ------------------- | |
9be3e9fc | 425 | |
097d4e7a | 426 | 4.1: I want to run X, how do I go about it? |
9be3e9fc | 427 | |
097d4e7a GW |
428 | First, get the XFree86 distribution of X11R5 from XFree86.cdrom.com. |
429 | The version you want for FreeBSD 1.1 and later is XFree86 2.1. Follow | |
430 | the instructions for installation carefully. You may then wish to read | |
431 | the documentation for the ConfigXF86 tool, which assists you in | |
432 | configuring XFree86 for your particular graphics card/mouse/etc. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
433 | |
434 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
435 | 4.1: I've been trying to run ghostscript on a 386 (or 486sx) with no |
436 | math co-processor and I keep getting errors. What's up? | |
9be3e9fc | 437 | |
097d4e7a GW |
438 | The problem here is due to the current FreeBSD math-emulator. You |
439 | need to pick up the sources to an alternate emulation package, which | |
440 | you may find in: | |
80df965c | 441 | |
28d7fa3d | 442 | /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/programs/fpu-emu |
9be3e9fc | 443 | |
80df965c JH |
444 | Follow the instructions supplied. |
445 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
446 | This is a port of an older Linux math-emulator. At some point, |
447 | FreeBSD's default math emulator will be good enough that you can | |
448 | forget about having to do this. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
449 | |
450 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
451 | 4.2: If I want something like seyon, term, Kermit, emacs or any one of |
452 | hundreds of popular freeware utilities, is there a good place to | |
453 | search through first? | |
9be3e9fc | 454 | |
097d4e7a GW |
455 | Yes, the FreeBSD `ports collection' was put together for just that |
456 | purpose. It contains some of the most often requested languages, | |
457 | editors, mail and news reading programs, network software and many | |
458 | many megabytes of other types of useful goodies. CDROM people will | |
459 | probably have the ports collection already in /usr/ports, other folks | |
460 | can get at the latest snapshot of the entire collection in: | |
9be3e9fc | 461 | |
097d4e7a | 462 | FreeBSD.cdrom.com:pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/ports |
9be3e9fc | 463 | |
097d4e7a GW |
464 | Note that this FTP server permits getting entire directories as one |
465 | (optionally gzipped or compressed) tar file. Read the FTP welcome | |
466 | banner carefully for details. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
467 | |
468 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
469 | 4.3: I want all this neat software, but I haven't got the space or |
470 | CPU power to compile it all myself. Is there any way of getting | |
471 | binaries? | |
9be3e9fc | 472 | |
28d2f186 | 473 | Yes. We support the concept of a `package', which is essentially a |
097d4e7a GW |
474 | gzipped binary distribution with a little extra intelligence embedded |
475 | in it for doing any custom installation work required. Packages can | |
476 | also be installed or deinstalled again easily without having to know | |
477 | the gory details. CDROM people will have a packages/ directory on | |
478 | their CD, others can get the currently available packages from: | |
9be3e9fc | 479 | |
097d4e7a | 480 | FreeBSD.cdrom.com:pub/FreeBSD/packages-1.1 |
9be3e9fc GCI |
481 | |
482 | Note that all ports may not be available as packages, and that new | |
483 | packages are constantly being added. It is always a good idea to | |
097d4e7a GW |
484 | check periodically to see which packages are available. A README file |
485 | in the packages directory provides more details on the care and | |
486 | feeding of the package software, so no explicit details will be given | |
487 | here. | |
9be3e9fc | 488 | |
7fa46f7a | 489 | |
097d4e7a | 490 | \f |
1f060cdf | 491 | 5 Miscellaneous Questions |
58b988d7 | 492 | ---------------- |
9be3e9fc | 493 | |
097d4e7a GW |
494 | 5.1: I've heard of something called FreeBSD-current. How do I run it, and |
495 | where can I get more information? | |
9be3e9fc | 496 | |
097d4e7a GW |
497 | Read the file /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/OTHER-FAQS/FreeBSD.current.policy, |
498 | it will tell you all you need to know. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
499 | |
500 | ||
097d4e7a | 501 | 5.2: What is this thing called `sup', and how do I use it? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
502 | |
503 | SUP stands for Software Update Protocol, and was developed by CMU for | |
097d4e7a GW |
504 | keeping their development trees in sync. We use it to keep remote |
505 | sites in sync with our central development sources. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
506 | |
507 | To use it, you need to have direct internet connectivity (not just | |
508 | mail or news). First, pick up the sup_bin.tgz package from: | |
509 | ||
097d4e7a | 510 | FreeBSD.cdrom.com:pub/FreeBSD/packages |
9be3e9fc GCI |
511 | |
512 | Second, read the file /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/OTHER-FAQS/FreeBSD.sup.faq. | |
513 | ||
514 | This file describes how to setup sup on your machine. You may also | |
28d2f186 | 515 | want to look at /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/OTHER-FAQS/FreeBSD.*.supfile, |
9be3e9fc GCI |
516 | which are a set of supfiles for supping from freefall.cdrom.com |
517 | ||
518 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
519 | 5.3: How do I create customized installation disks that I can give |
520 | out to other people at my site? | |
58b988d7 GW |
521 | |
522 | The entire process of creating installation disks and source and | |
523 | binary archives is automated by various targets in | |
524 | /usr/src/etc/Makefile. The information there should be enough to get | |
525 | you started. | |
9be3e9fc | 526 | |
097d4e7a GW |
527 | 5.4: How do I re-build my system without clobbering the existing |
528 | installed binaries? | |
58b988d7 GW |
529 | |
530 | If you define the environment variable DESTDIR while running `make | |
531 | world' or `make install', the newly-created binaries will be deposited | |
532 | in a directory tree identical to the installed one, rooted at | |
533 | ${DESTDIR}. Some random combination of shared libraries modifications | |
534 | and program rebuilds can cause this to fail in `make world', however. | |
535 | ||
536 | ||
1f060cdf GW |
537 | 5.5: When my system booted, it told me that ``(bus speed defaulted)''. |
538 | What does that mean? | |
539 | ||
540 | The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure their | |
541 | bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the 1542 driver tried | |
542 | to determine the fastest usable speed and set the adapter to that. We | |
543 | found that this breaks some users' systems, so you now have to define | |
544 | the ``TUNE_1542''' kernel configuration option in order to have this | |
545 | take place. Using it on those systems where it works may make your | |
546 | disks run faster, but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could | |
547 | be corrupted. | |
548 | ||
097d4e7a | 549 | \f |
58b988d7 GW |
550 | 6 Kernel Configuration |
551 | ---------------------- | |
552 | ||
553 | 6.1: When I compile a kernel with multi-port serial code, it tells me | |
097d4e7a GW |
554 | that only the first port is probed and the rest skipped due to |
555 | interrupt conflicts. How do I fix this? | |
9be3e9fc | 556 | |
097d4e7a GW |
557 | The problem here is that FreeBSD has code built-in to keep the kernel |
558 | from getting trashed due to hardware or software conflicts. The way | |
559 | to fix this is to leave out the IRQ settings on other ports besides | |
560 | the first. Here is a example: | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
561 | |
562 | # | |
563 | # Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS | |
564 | # | |
565 | device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr | |
566 | device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr | |
567 | device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr | |
568 | device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr | |
569 | ||
570 | You may also want to look at the multi-port serial FAQ in | |
571 | /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/OTHER-FAQS/multi-port.serial.FAQ. | |
572 | ||
573 | ||
58b988d7 | 574 | 6.2: FreeBSD is supposed to come with support for QIC-40/80 drives but |
7fa46f7a | 575 | when I look, I can't find it. |
9be3e9fc | 576 | |
097d4e7a GW |
577 | You need to uncomment the following line in the generic config file |
578 | (or add it to your config file) and recompile. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
579 | |
580 | controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr | |
581 | disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 | |
582 | disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 | |
583 | #tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2 | |
584 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
585 | ||
586 | ||
58b988d7 | 587 | 6.3: Does FreeBSD support IPC primitives like those in System V? |
9be3e9fc | 588 | |
097d4e7a GW |
589 | Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC. This includes shared |
590 | memory, messages and semaphores. You need to add the following lines | |
591 | to your kernel config to enable them. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
592 | |
593 | options SYSVSHM | |
594 | options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory | |
595 | options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores | |
596 | options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging | |
597 | ||
598 | Recompile and install. | |
599 | ||
600 | ||
097d4e7a | 601 | 6.4: Are there any utilities that make configuring a kernel easier? |
4a219cbb | 602 | |
097d4e7a GW |
603 | Well, yes and no. Look in /sys/i386/doc/options.doc (/sys/doc on post |
604 | 1.1 systems) for a list of kernel options you can set, and what they | |
605 | do. For a friendlier front-end to the process, see | |
606 | /usr/src/contrib/configit | |
4a219cbb JH |
607 | |
608 | ||
097d4e7a | 609 | 6.5: Will FreeBSD ever support other architectures? |
58b988d7 GW |
610 | |
611 | Several different groups have expressed interest in working on | |
612 | multi-architecture support for FreeBSD. If you are interested in | |
613 | doing so, please contact the developers at | |
614 | <FreeBSD-hackers@freefall.cdrom.com> for more information on our | |
615 | strategy for porting. | |
616 | ||
58b988d7 | 617 | |
097d4e7a GW |
618 | 6.6: I just wrote a device driver for a Foobar Systems, Inc. |
619 | Integrated Adaptive Gronkulator card. How do I get the | |
620 | appropriate major numbers assigned? | |
621 | ||
622 | This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver publicly | |
623 | available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the driver source | |
624 | code, plus the appropriate modifications to files.i386, a sample | |
625 | configuration file entry, and the appropriate MAKEDEV code to create | |
626 | any special files your device uses. If you do not, or are unable to | |
627 | because of licensing restrictions, then character major number 32 and | |
628 | block major number 8 have been reserved specifically for this purpose; | |
629 | please use them. In any case, we'd appreciate hearing about your | |
630 | driver on <FreeBSD-hackers@freefall.cdrom.com>. | |
9be3e9fc | 631 | |
9be3e9fc | 632 | |
097d4e7a | 633 | \f |
58b988d7 GW |
634 | 7 System Administration |
635 | ----------------------- | |
636 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
637 | 7.1: How do I add a user easily? I read the man page and am more confused |
638 | than ever! [Alternatively: I didn't read the man page, I never read | |
639 | man pages! :-) ] | |
9be3e9fc | 640 | |
097d4e7a GW |
641 | Look at Gary Clark's Perl package ``AddIt'', which may be found in |
642 | /usr/src/contrib/adduser. This is a first attempt at solving the | |
643 | problem and may be replaced with a more complex but capable solution | |
644 | later. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
645 | |
646 | ||
58b988d7 | 647 | 7.2: I'm trying to use my printer and keep running into problems. I tried |
7fa46f7a | 648 | looking at /etc/printcap, but it's close to useless. Any ideas? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
649 | |
650 | Yes, you can pick up Andreas Klemm's apsfilter package from: | |
651 | ||
58b988d7 | 652 | ftp.germany.eu.net:pub/comp/i386/Linux/Local.EUnet/People/akl/apsfilter-1.11.gz |
9be3e9fc | 653 | |
4a219cbb JH |
654 | This is a complete package for printing text, PS and DVI files. It |
655 | requires ghostscript and dvips. | |
80df965c | 656 | |
58b988d7 GW |
657 | If you are looking for a simple printcap just for PS and text files, |
658 | try picking up the printcap01 sources in: | |
80df965c | 659 | |
28d7fa3d | 660 | /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/programs/printcap01 |
9be3e9fc | 661 | |
097d4e7a GW |
662 | NOTE: We're looking for printcap entries for all printers. If you |
663 | have one, or a filter for one, please send it or mail us a pointer to | |
664 | <FreeBSD-FAQ@freefall.cdrom.com>. Thanks! | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
665 | |
666 | ||
58b988d7 GW |
667 | 8 Networking |
668 | ------------ | |
9be3e9fc | 669 | |
097d4e7a GW |
670 | 8.1: Where can I get information booting FreeBSD `diskless', that is |
671 | booting and running a FreeBSD box from a server rather than having | |
672 | a local disk? | |
9be3e9fc | 673 | |
80df965c | 674 | Please read /sys/i386/netboot/netboot.doc. |
9be3e9fc GCI |
675 | |
676 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
677 | 8.2: I've heard that you can use a FreeBSD box as a dedicated network |
678 | router - is there any easy support for this? | |
9be3e9fc | 679 | |
28d2f186 GW |
680 | Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit us from |
681 | providing packet forwarding by default in FreeBSD. You can enable | |
682 | this support by adding `options GATEWAY' to your kernel configuration | |
683 | file and recompiling. In most cases, you will also need to run a | |
684 | routing process to tell other systems on your network about your | |
685 | router; FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon routed(8), | |
686 | or for more complex situations you may want to try GateD (available by | |
097d4e7a | 687 | FTP from gated.Cornell.edu). |
28d2f186 GW |
688 | |
689 | It is our duty to warn you that, even when FreeBSD is configured in | |
690 | this way, it does not completely comply with the Internet standard | |
691 | requirements for routers; however, it comes close enough for ordinary | |
692 | usage. | |
693 | ||
694 | There is a standard `router floppy' that you can boot on a FreeBSD | |
80df965c JH |
695 | machine to configure it as a network router. Please look in: |
696 | ||
097d4e7a | 697 | freefall.cdrom.com:pub/incoming/freertr |
80df965c | 698 | |
58b988d7 | 699 | and follow the instructions. |
9be3e9fc GCI |
700 | |
701 | ||
097d4e7a | 702 | 8.3: Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP? |
9be3e9fc | 703 | |
097d4e7a GW |
704 | Yes. See the man pages for slattach(8) and/or pppd(8) if you're using |
705 | FreeBSD to connect to another site. If you're using FreeBSD as a | |
706 | server for other machines, look at the man page for sliplogin(8). | |
9be3e9fc | 707 | |
097d4e7a | 708 | 8.4: How do I set up NTP? |
28d2f186 GW |
709 | |
710 | NTP configuration is so complex and widely variable from site to site | |
711 | that it would be impossible to make a blanket statement here. Your | |
712 | best bet is to ask whoever's in charge of NTP at your site or network | |
713 | provider; chances are that they are running a similar version of NTP | |
714 | to the one that we provide, and they can probably provide you with the | |
715 | right configuration files to get things going. | |
716 | ||
717 | If you can't find anyone in charge, you should examine the files in | |
718 | /usr/src/contrib/xntpd/doc and see if they help any. If not, you | |
719 | could ask on the comp.protocols.time.ntp newsgroup, or the | |
097d4e7a | 720 | <ntp@ni.umd.edu> mailing-list. |
28d2f186 | 721 | |
097d4e7a GW |
722 | 8.5: How do I get my network set up? I don't see how to make my |
723 | /dev/ed0 device! | |
28d2f186 | 724 | |
58b988d7 | 725 | In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only |
097d4e7a | 726 | directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the /etc/netstart file |
58b988d7 GW |
727 | and the manual pages for the various network programs mentioned there |
728 | for more information. If this leaves you totally confused, then you | |
729 | should pick up a book describing network administration on another | |
730 | BSD-related operating system; with few significant exceptions, | |
731 | administering networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS | |
732 | 4.0 or Ultrix. | |
733 | ||
097d4e7a | 734 | 8.6: How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port? |
58b988d7 GW |
735 | |
736 | Use `ifconfig ed0' to see whether the ALTPHYS flag is set, and then | |
737 | use either `ifconfig ed0 altphys' if it was off, or `ifconfig ed0 | |
738 | -altphys' if it was on. | |
739 | ||
740 | ||
741 | 9 Serial Communications | |
742 | ----------------------- | |
9be3e9fc | 743 | |
097d4e7a | 744 | 9.1: When I do a set line in Kermit it locks up, what's the problem? |
9be3e9fc GCI |
745 | |
746 | The problem here is that FreeBSD thinks it's talking to a incoming | |
747 | modem connection, and is waiting for carrier to come up on it before | |
748 | completing the open. To disable modem control, do an: | |
749 | ||
097d4e7a | 750 | stty -f /dev/ttyXX clocal |
9be3e9fc GCI |
751 | |
752 | (Where `ttyXX' is the tty port you're using). If you use a given port | |
753 | only for outgoing connections, you may wish to put this command in | |
097d4e7a GW |
754 | your /etc/rc.local to avoid having to do it every time you reboot your |
755 | system. | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
756 | |
757 | ||
097d4e7a GW |
758 | NOTE: Anyone wishing to submit a FAQ entry on how to get tip and cu working |
759 | would have it much appreciated! We all use Kermit over here! :-) | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
760 | |
761 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
097d4e7a GW |
762 | If you see a problem with this FAQ, or wish to submit an entry, please |
763 | mail us at <FreeBSD-FAQ@freefall.cdrom.com>. We appreciate your | |
764 | feedback, and cannot make this a better FAQ without your help! | |
9be3e9fc GCI |
765 | |
766 | ||
767 | FreeBSD Core Team | |
768 | ||
769 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
770 | ||
097d4e7a | 771 | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: |
9be3e9fc | 772 | |
097d4e7a | 773 | Gary Clark II - Our head FreeBSD FAQ maintenance man |
9be3e9fc | 774 | Jordan Hubbard - Janitorial services (I don't do windows) |
097d4e7a | 775 | Garrett Wollman - Networking and formatting |
0b834f39 | 776 | Robert Oliver, Jr. - Ideas and dumb questions (That made me think) |
245b6898 | 777 | Ollivier Robert - Invaluable feedback and contributions |
9be3e9fc GCI |
778 | The FreeBSD Team - Kvetching, moaning, submitting data |
779 | ||
780 | And to any others we've forgotten, apologies and heartfelt thanks! | |
781 |