[unix-history] / usr / man / cat1 / cc.0



CC(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		    CC(1)


N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
     cc - C compiler

S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
     c\bcc\bc [ option ] ... file ...

D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
     _\bC_\bc is the UNIX C compiler.  _\bC_\bc accepts several types of
     arguments:

     Arguments whose names end with `.c' are taken to be C source
     programs; they are compiled, and each object program is left
     on the file whose name is that of the source with `.o' sub-
     stituted for `.c'.  The `.o' file is normally deleted, how-
     ever, if a single C program is compiled and loaded all at
     one go.

     In the same way, arguments whose names end with `.s' are
     taken to be assembly source programs and are assembled, pro-
     ducing a `.o' file.

     The following options are interpreted by _\bc_\bc.  See _\bl_\bd(1) for
     load-time options.

     -\b-c\bc      Suppress the loading phase of the compilation, and
	     force an object file to be produced even if only one
	     program is compiled.

     -\b-g\bg      Have the compiler produce additional symbol table
	     information for _\bd_\bb_\bx(1).  Also pass the -\b-l\blg\bg flag to
	     _\bl_\bd(1).

     -\b-g\bgo\bo     Have the compiler produce additional symbol table
	     information for the obsolete debugger _\bs_\bd_\bb(1).  Also
	     pass the -\b-l\blg\bg flag to _\bl_\bd(1).

     -\b-w\bw      Suppress warning diagnostics.

     -\b-p\bp      Arrange for the compiler to produce code which
	     counts the number of times each routine is called.
	     If loading takes place, replace the standard startup
	     routine by one which automatically calls _\bm_\bo_\bn_\bi_\bt_\bo_\br(3)
	     at the start and arranges to write out a _\bm_\bo_\bn._\bo_\bu_\bt
	     file at normal termination of execution of the
	     object program.  An execution profile can then be
	     generated by use of _\bp_\br_\bo_\bf(1).

     -\b-p\bpg\bg     Causes the compiler to produce counting code in the
	     manner of -\b-p\bp,\b, but invokes a run-time recording
	     mechanism that keeps more extensive statistics and
	     produces a _\bg_\bm_\bo_\bn._\bo_\bu_\bt file at normal termination.
	     Also, a profiling library is searched, in lieu of


Printed 7/9/88		  June 7, 1985				1


CC(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		    CC(1)


	     the standard C library.  An execution profile can
	     then be generated by  use of _\bg_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf(1).

     -\b-O\bO      Invoke an object-code improver.

     -\b-R\bR      Passed on to _\ba_\bs, making initialized variables shared
	     and read-only.

     -\b-S\bS      Compile the named C programs, and leave the
	     assembler-language output on corresponding files
	     suffixed `.s'.

     -\b-M\bM      Run only the macro preprocessor on the named C pro-
	     grams, requesting it to generate Makefile dependen-
	     cies and send the result to the standard output.

     -\b-E\bE      Run only the macro preprocessor on the named C pro-
	     grams, and send the result to the standard output.

     -\b-C\bC      prevent the macro preprocessor from eliding com-
	     ments.

     -\b-o\bo _\bo_\bu_\bt_\bp_\bu_\bt
	     Name the final output file _\bo_\bu_\bt_\bp_\bu_\bt.  If this option
	     is used the file `a.out' will be left undisturbed.

     -\b-D\bD_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bd_\be_\bf
     -\b-D\bD_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be  Define the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to the preprocessor, as if by
	     `#define'.  If no definition is given, the name is
	     defined as "1".

     -\b-U\bU_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be  Remove any initial definition of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.

     -\b-I\bI_\bd_\bi_\br   `#include' files whose names do not begin with `/'
	     are always sought first in the directory of the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
	     argument, then in directories named in -\b-I\bI options,
	     then in directories on a standard list.

     -\b-L\bL_\bd_\bi_\br   Library archives are sought first in directories
	     named in -\b-L\bL options, then in directories on a stan-
	     dard list.

     -\b-f\bf      Use an alternate compiler which does not convert
	     expressions involving only floats to double. This
	     does not conform to the standard which states that
	     all intermediate results should be converted to dou-
	     ble but does provide a speed improvement for pro-
	     grams which don't require full double precision.
	     This option also makes r\bre\beg\bgi\bis\bst\bte\ber\br f\bfl\blo\boa\bat\bt variables work
	     appropriately.

     -\b-B\bB_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg


Printed 7/9/88		  June 7, 1985				2


CC(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		    CC(1)


	     Find substitute compiler passes in the files named
	     _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg with the suffixes cpp, ccom and c2.  If
	     _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is empty, use a standard backup version.

     -\b-t\bt[p\bp0\b01\b12\b2]
	     Find only the designated compiler passes in the
	     files whose names are constructed by a -\b-B\bB option.
	     In the absence of a -\b-B\bB option, the _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is taken
	     to be `/usr/c/'.

     Other arguments are taken to be either loader option argu-
     ments, or C-compatible object programs, typically produced
     by an earlier _\bc_\bc run, or perhaps libraries of C-compatible
     routines.	These programs, together with the results of any
     compilations specified, are loaded (in the order given) to
     produce an executable program with name a\ba.\b.o\bou\but\bt.\b.

F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bS
     file.c	   input file
     file.o	   object file
     a.out	   loaded output
     /tmp/ctm?	   temporary
     /lib/cpp	   preprocessor
     /lib/ccom	   compiler
     /lib/sccom    compiler for single precision floats
     /usr/c/occom  backup compiler
     /usr/c/ocpp   backup preprocessor
     /lib/c2	   optional optimizer
     /lib/crt0.o   runtime startoff
     /lib/mcrt0.o  startoff for profiling
     /usr/lib/gcrt0.ostartoff for gprof-profiling
     /lib/libc.a   standard library, see _\bi_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo(3)
     /usr/lib/libc_p.aprofiling library, see _\bi_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo(3)
     /usr/include  standard directory for `#include' files
     mon.out	   file produced for analysis by _\bp_\br_\bo_\bf(1)
     gmon.out	   file produced for analysis by _\bg_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf(1)

S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
     B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie, _\bT_\bh_\be _\bC _\bP_\br_\bo_\bg_\br_\ba_\bm_\bm_\bi_\bn_\bg
     _\bL_\ba_\bn_\bg_\bu_\ba_\bg_\be, Prentice-Hall, 1978
     B. W. Kernighan, _\bP_\br_\bo_\bg_\br_\ba_\bm_\bm_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bi_\bn _\bC-_\ba _\bt_\bu_\bt_\bo_\br_\bi_\ba_\bl
     D. M. Ritchie, _\bC _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl
     monitor(3), prof(1), gprof(1), adb(1), ld(1), dbx(1), as(1)

D\bDI\bIA\bAG\bGN\bNO\bOS\bST\bTI\bIC\bCS\bS
     The diagnostics produced by C itself are intended to be
     self-explanatory.	Occasional messages may be produced by
     the assembler or loader.

B\bBU\bUG\bGS\bS
     The compiler currently ignores advice to put c\bch\bha\bar\br, u\bun\bns\bsi\big\bgn\bne\bed\bd
     c\bch\bha\bar\br, s\bsh\bho\bor\brt\bt, u\bun\bns\bsi\big\bgn\bne\bed\bd s\bsh\bho\bor\brt\bt, f\bfl\blo\boa\bat\bt, or d\bdo\bou\bub\bbl\ble\be variables in


Printed 7/9/88		  June 7, 1985				3


CC(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		    CC(1)


     registers, except as noted above.	It previously produced
     poor, and in some cases incorrect, code for such declara-
     tions.


Printed 7/9/88		  June 7, 1985				4
Commit	Line	Data
362b077f C	1
	2
	3
	4	CC(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual CC(1)
	5
	6
	7
	8	N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
	9	cc - C compiler
	10
	11	S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
	12	c\bcc\bc [ option ] ... file ...
	13
	14	D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
	15	_\bC_\bc is the UNIX C compiler. _\bC_\bc accepts several types of
	16	arguments:
	17
	18	Arguments whose names end with `.c' are taken to be C source
	19	programs; they are compiled, and each object program is left
	20	on the file whose name is that of the source with `.o' sub-
	21	stituted for `.c'. The `.o' file is normally deleted, how-
	22	ever, if a single C program is compiled and loaded all at
	23	one go.
	24
	25	In the same way, arguments whose names end with `.s' are
	26	taken to be assembly source programs and are assembled, pro-
	27	ducing a `.o' file.
	28
	29	The following options are interpreted by _\bc_\bc. See _\bl_\bd(1) for
	30	load-time options.
	31
	32	-\b-c\bc Suppress the loading phase of the compilation, and
	33	force an object file to be produced even if only one
	34	program is compiled.
	35
	36	-\b-g\bg Have the compiler produce additional symbol table
	37	information for _\bd_\bb_\bx(1). Also pass the -\b-l\blg\bg flag to
	38	_\bl_\bd(1).
	39
	40	-\b-g\bgo\bo Have the compiler produce additional symbol table
	41	information for the obsolete debugger _\bs_\bd_\bb(1). Also
	42	pass the -\b-l\blg\bg flag to _\bl_\bd(1).
	43
	44	-\b-w\bw Suppress warning diagnostics.
	45
	46	-\b-p\bp Arrange for the compiler to produce code which
	47	counts the number of times each routine is called.
	48	If loading takes place, replace the standard startup
	49	routine by one which automatically calls _\bm_\bo_\bn_\bi_\bt_\bo_\br(3)
	50	at the start and arranges to write out a _\bm_\bo_\bn._\bo_\bu_\bt
	51	file at normal termination of execution of the
	52	object program. An execution profile can then be
	53	generated by use of _\bp_\br_\bo_\bf(1).
	54
	55	-\b-p\bpg\bg Causes the compiler to produce counting code in the
	56	manner of -\b-p\bp,\b, but invokes a run-time recording
	57	mechanism that keeps more extensive statistics and
	58	produces a _\bg_\bm_\bo_\bn._\bo_\bu_\bt file at normal termination.
	59	Also, a profiling library is searched, in lieu of
	60
	61
	62
	63	Printed 7/9/88 June 7, 1985 1
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70	CC(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual CC(1)
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74	the standard C library. An execution profile can
75	then be generated by use of _\bg_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf(1).
76
77	-\b-O\bO Invoke an object-code improver.
78
79	-\b-R\bR Passed on to _\ba_\bs, making initialized variables shared
80	and read-only.
81
82	-\b-S\bS Compile the named C programs, and leave the
83	assembler-language output on corresponding files
84	suffixed `.s'.
85
86	-\b-M\bM Run only the macro preprocessor on the named C pro-
87	grams, requesting it to generate Makefile dependen-
88	cies and send the result to the standard output.
89
90	-\b-E\bE Run only the macro preprocessor on the named C pro-
91	grams, and send the result to the standard output.
92
93	-\b-C\bC prevent the macro preprocessor from eliding com-
94	ments.
95
96	-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bu_\bt_\bp_\bu_\bt
97	Name the final output file _\bo_\bu_\bt_\bp_\bu_\bt. If this option
98	is used the file `a.out' will be left undisturbed.
99
100	-\b-D\bD_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bd_\be_\bf
101	-\b-D\bD_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be Define the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to the preprocessor, as if by
102	`#define'. If no definition is given, the name is
103	defined as "1".
104
105	-\b-U\bU_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be Remove any initial definition of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
106
107	-\b-I\bI_\bd_\bi_\br `#include' files whose names do not begin with `/'
108	are always sought first in the directory of the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
109	argument, then in directories named in -\b-I\bI options,
110	then in directories on a standard list.
111
112	-\b-L\bL_\bd_\bi_\br Library archives are sought first in directories
113	named in -\b-L\bL options, then in directories on a stan-
114	dard list.
115
116	-\b-f\bf Use an alternate compiler which does not convert
117	expressions involving only floats to double. This
118	does not conform to the standard which states that
119	all intermediate results should be converted to dou-
120	ble but does provide a speed improvement for pro-
121	grams which don't require full double precision.
122	This option also makes r\bre\beg\bgi\bis\bst\bte\ber\br f\bfl\blo\boa\bat\bt variables work
123	appropriately.
124
125	-\b-B\bB_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
126
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136	CC(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual CC(1)
137
138
139
140	Find substitute compiler passes in the files named
141	_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg with the suffixes cpp, ccom and c2. If
142	_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is empty, use a standard backup version.
143
144	-\b-t\bt[p\bp0\b01\b12\b2]
145	Find only the designated compiler passes in the
146	files whose names are constructed by a -\b-B\bB option.
147	In the absence of a -\b-B\bB option, the _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is taken
148	to be `/usr/c/'.
149
150	Other arguments are taken to be either loader option argu-
151	ments, or C-compatible object programs, typically produced
152	by an earlier _\bc_\bc run, or perhaps libraries of C-compatible
153	routines. These programs, together with the results of any
154	compilations specified, are loaded (in the order given) to
155	produce an executable program with name a\ba.\b.o\bou\but\bt.\b.
156
157	F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bS
158	file.c input file
159	file.o object file
160	a.out loaded output
161	/tmp/ctm? temporary
162	/lib/cpp preprocessor
163	/lib/ccom compiler
164	/lib/sccom compiler for single precision floats
165	/usr/c/occom backup compiler
166	/usr/c/ocpp backup preprocessor
167	/lib/c2 optional optimizer
168	/lib/crt0.o runtime startoff
169	/lib/mcrt0.o startoff for profiling
170	/usr/lib/gcrt0.ostartoff for gprof-profiling
171	/lib/libc.a standard library, see _\bi_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo(3)
172	/usr/lib/libc_p.aprofiling library, see _\bi_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo(3)
173	/usr/include standard directory for `#include' files
174	mon.out file produced for analysis by _\bp_\br_\bo_\bf(1)
175	gmon.out file produced for analysis by _\bg_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf(1)
176
177	S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
178	B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie, _\bT_\bh_\be _\bC _\bP_\br_\bo_\bg_\br_\ba_\bm_\bm_\bi_\bn_\bg
179	_\bL_\ba_\bn_\bg_\bu_\ba_\bg_\be, Prentice-Hall, 1978
180	B. W. Kernighan, _\bP_\br_\bo_\bg_\br_\ba_\bm_\bm_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bi_\bn _\bC-_\ba _\bt_\bu_\bt_\bo_\br_\bi_\ba_\bl
181	D. M. Ritchie, _\bC _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl
182	monitor(3), prof(1), gprof(1), adb(1), ld(1), dbx(1), as(1)
183
184	D\bDI\bIA\bAG\bGN\bNO\bOS\bST\bTI\bIC\bCS\bS
185	The diagnostics produced by C itself are intended to be
186	self-explanatory. Occasional messages may be produced by
187	the assembler or loader.
188
189	B\bBU\bUG\bGS\bS
190	The compiler currently ignores advice to put c\bch\bha\bar\br, u\bun\bns\bsi\big\bgn\bne\bed\bd
191	c\bch\bha\bar\br, s\bsh\bho\bor\brt\bt, u\bun\bns\bsi\big\bgn\bne\bed\bd s\bsh\bho\bor\brt\bt, f\bfl\blo\boa\bat\bt, or d\bdo\bou\bub\bbl\ble\be variables in
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206	registers, except as noted above. It previously produced
207	poor, and in some cases incorrect, code for such declara-
208	tions.
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