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4SAIL(6) BSD Reference Manual SAIL(6)
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7N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
8 sail - multi-user wooden ships and iron men
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10S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
11 s\bsa\bai\bil\bl [ -\b-s\bs [ -\b-l\bl ] ] [ -\b-x\bx ] [ -\b-b\bb ] [ n\bnu\bum\bm ]
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13D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
14 _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl is a computer version of Avalon Hill's game of fight-
15 ing sail originally developed by S. Craig Taylor.
16
17 Players of _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl take command of an old fashioned Man of
18 War and fight other players or the computer. They may re-
19 enact one of the many historical sea battles recorded in
20 the game, or they can choose a fictional battle.
21
22 As a sea captain in the _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl Navy, the player has complete
23 control over the workings of his ship. He must order
24 every maneuver, change the set of his sails, and judge the
25 right moment to let loose the terrible destruction of his
26 broadsides. In addition to fighting the enemy, he must
27 harness the powers of the wind and sea to make them work
28 for him. The outcome of many battles during the age of
29 sail was decided by the ability of one captain to hold the
30 `weather gage.'
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32 The flags are:
33
34 -\b-s\bs Print the names and ships of the top ten sailors.
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36 -\b-l\bl Show the login name. Only effective with -\b-s\bs.
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38 -\b-x\bx Play the first available ship instead of prompting
39 for a choice.
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41 -\b-b\bb No bells.
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43I\bIM\bMP\bPL\bLE\bEM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
44 _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl is really two programs in one. Each player starts up
45 a process which runs his own ship. In addition, a _\bd_\br_\bi_\bv_\be_\br
46 process is forked (by the first player) to run the com-
47 puter ships and take care of global bookkeeping.
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49 Because the _\bd_\br_\bi_\bv_\be_\br must calculate moves for each ship it
50 controls, the more ships the computer is playing, the
51 slower the game will appear.
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53 If a player joins a game in progress, he will synchronize
54 with the other players (a rather slow process for every-
55 one), and then he may play along with the rest.
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57 To implement a multi-user game in Version 7 UNIX, which
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73 was the operating system _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl was first written under, the
74 communicating processes must use a common temporary file
75 as a place to read and write messages. In addition, a
76 locking mechanism must be provided to ensure exclusive
77 access to the shared file. For example, _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl uses a tem-
78 porary file named /tmp/#sailsink.21 for scenario 21, and
79 corresponding file names for the other scenarios. To pro-
80 vide exclusive access to the temporary file, _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl uses a
81 technique stolen from an old game called "pubcaves" by
82 Jeff Cohen. Processes do a busy wait in the loop
83
84 for (n = 0; link(sync_file, sync_lock) < 0 && n < 30;
85 n++)
86 sleep(2);
87
88 until they are able to create a link to a file named
89 "/tmp/#saillock.??". The "??" correspond to the scenario
90 number of the game. Since UNIX guarantees that a link
91 will point to only one file, the process that succeeds in
92 linking will have exclusive access to the temporary file.
93
94 Whether or not this really works is open to speculation.
95 When ucbmiro was rebooted after a crash, the file system
96 check program found 3 links between the _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl temporary
97 file and its link file.
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99C\bCO\bON\bNS\bSE\bEQ\bQU\bUE\bEN\bNC\bCE\bES\bS O\bOF\bF S\bSE\bEP\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAT\bTE\bE P\bPL\bLA\bAY\bYE\bER\bR A\bAN\bND\bD D\bDR\bRI\bIV\bVE\bER\bR P\bPR\bRO\bOC\bCE\bES\bSS\bSE\bES\bS
100 When players do something of global interest, such as mov-
101 ing or firing, the driver must coordinate the action with
102 the other ships in the game. For example, if a player
103 wants to move in a certain direction, he writes a message
104 into the temporary file requesting the driver to move his
105 ship. Each ``turn,'' the driver reads all the messages
106 sent from the players and decides what happened. It then
107 writes back into the temporary file new values of vari-
108 ables, etc.
109
110 The most noticeable effect this communication has on the
111 game is the delay in moving. Suppose a player types a
112 move for his ship and hits return. What happens then?
113 The player process saves up messages to be written to the
114 temporary file in a buffer. Every 7 seconds or so, the
115 player process gets exclusive access to the temporary file
116 and writes out its buffer to the file. The driver, run-
117 ning asynchronously, must read in the movement command,
118 process it, and write out the results. This takes two
119 exclusive accesses to the temporary file. Finally, when
120 the player process gets around to doing another 7 second
121 update, the results of the move are displayed on the
122 screen. Hence, every movement requires four exclusive
123 accesses to the temporary file (anywhere from 7 to 21
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139 seconds depending upon asynchrony) before the player sees
140 the results of his moves.
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142 In practice, the delays are not as annoying as they would
143 appear. There is room for "pipelining" in the movement.
144 After the player writes out a first movement message, a
145 second movement command can then be issued. The first
146 message will be in the temporary file waiting for the
147 driver, and the second will be in the file buffer waiting
148 to be written to the file. Thus, by always typing moves a
149 turn ahead of the time, the player can sail around quite
150 quickly.
151
152 If the player types several movement commands between two
153 7 second updates, only the last movement command typed
154 will be seen by the driver. Movement commands within the
155 same update "overwrite" each other, in a sense.
156
157T\bTH\bHE\bE H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY O\bOF\bF S\bSA\bAI\bIL\bL
158 I wrote the first version of _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl on a PDP 11/70 in the
159 fall of 1980. Needless to say, the code was horrendous,
160 not portable in any sense of the word, and didn't work.
161 The program was not very modular and had fseeks() and
162 fwrites() every few lines. After a tremendous rewrite
163 from the top down, I got the first working version up by
164 1981. There were several annoying bugs concerning firing
165 broadsides and finding angles. _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl uses no floating
166 point, by the way, so the direction routines are rather
167 tricky. Ed Wang rewrote my angle() routine in 1981 to be
168 more correct (although it still doesn't work perfectly),
169 and he added code to let a player select which ship he
170 wanted at the start of the game (instead of the first one
171 available).
172
173 Captain Happy (Craig Leres) is responsible for making _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl
174 portable for the first time. This was no easy task, by
175 the way. Constants like 2 and 10 were very frequent in
176 the code. I also became famous for using "Riggle Memorial
177 Structures" in _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl_\b. Many of my structure references are
178 so long that they run off the line printer page. Here is
179 an example, if you promise not to laugh.
180
181 specs[scene[flog.fgamenum].ship[flog.fshipnum].shipnum].pts
182
183
184 _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl received its fourth and most thorough rewrite in the
185 summer and fall of 1983. Ed Wang rewrote and modularized
186 the code (a monumental feat) almost from scratch.
187 Although he introduced many new bugs, the final result was
188 very much cleaner and (?) faster. He added window move-
189 ment commands and find ship commands.
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205H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRI\bIC\bCA\bAL\bL I\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO
206 Old Square Riggers were very maneuverable ships capable of
207 intricate sailing. Their only disadvantage was an inabil-
208 ity to sail very close to the wind. The design of a
209 wooden ship allowed only for the guns to bear to the left
210 and right sides. A few guns of small aspect (usually 6 or
211 9 pounders) could point forward, but their effect was
212 small compared to a 68 gun broadside of 24 or 32 pounders.
213 The guns bear approximately like so:
214
215 \
216 b----------------
217 ---0
218 \
219 \
220 \ up to a range of ten (for round shot)
221 \
222 \
223 \
224
225 An interesting phenomenon occurred when a broadside was
226 fired down the length of an enemy ship. The shot tended
227 to bounce along the deck and did several times more dam-
228 age. This phenomenon was called a rake. Because the bows
229 of a ship are very strong and present a smaller target
230 than the stern, a stern rake (firing from the stern to the
231 bow) causes more damage than a bow rake.
232
233 b
234 00 ---- Stern rake!
235 a
236
237 Most ships were equipped with carronades, which were very
238 large, close range cannons. American ships from the revo-
239 lution until the War of 1812 were almost entirely armed
240 with carronades.
241
242 The period of history covered in _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl is approximately
243 from the 1770's until the end of Napoleonic France in
244 1815. There are many excellent books about the age of
245 sail. My favorite author is Captain Frederick Marryat.
246 More contemporary authors include C.S. Forester and
247 Alexander Kent.
248
249 Fighting ships came in several sizes classed by armament.
250 The mainstays of any fleet were its "Ships of the Line",
251 or "Line of Battle Ships". They were so named because
252 these ships fought together in great lines. They were
253 close enough for mutual support, yet every ship could fire
254 both its broadsides. We get the modern words "ocean
255 liner," or "liner," and "battleship" from "ship of the
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271 line." The most common size was the the 74 gun two decked
272 ship of the line. The two gun decks usually mounted 18
273 and 24 pounder guns.
274
275 The pride of the fleet were the first rates. These were
276 huge three decked ships of the line mounting 80 to 136
277 guns. The guns in the three tiers were usually 18, 24,
278 and 32 pounders in that order from top to bottom.
279
280 Various other ships came next. They were almost all
281 "razees," or ships of the line with one deck sawed off.
282 They mounted 40-64 guns and were a poor cross between a
283 frigate and a line of battle ship. They neither had the
284 speed of the former nor the firepower of the latter.
285
286 Next came the "eyes of the fleet." Frigates came in many
287 sizes mounting anywhere from 32 to 44 guns. They were
288 very handy vessels. They could outsail anything bigger
289 and outshoot anything smaller. Frigates didn't fight in
290 lines of battle as the much bigger 74's did. Instead,
291 they harassed the enemy's rear or captured crippled ships.
292 They were much more useful in missions away from the
293 fleet, such as cutting out expeditions or boat actions.
294 They could hit hard and get away fast.
295
296 Lastly, there were the corvettes, sloops, and brigs.
297 These were smaller ships mounting typically fewer than 20
298 guns. A corvette was only slightly smaller than a
299 frigate, so one might have up to 30 guns. Sloops were
300 used for carrying dispatches or passengers. Brigs were
301 something you built for land-locked lakes.
302
303S\bSA\bAI\bIL\bL P\bPA\bAR\bRT\bTI\bIC\bCU\bUL\bLA\bAR\bRS\bS
304 Ships in _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl are represented by two characters. One
305 character represents the bow of the ship, and the other
306 represents the stern. Ships have nationalities and num-
307 bers. The first ship of a nationality is number 0, the
308 second number 1, etc. Therefore, the first British ship
309 in a game would be printed as "b0". The second Brit would
310 be "b1", and the fifth Don would be "s4".
311
312 Ships can set normal sails, called Battle Sails, or bend
313 on extra canvas called Full Sails. A ship under full sail
314 is a beautiful sight indeed, and it can move much faster
315 than a ship under Battle Sails. The only trouble is, with
316 full sails set, there is so much tension on sail and rig-
317 ging that a well aimed round shot can burst a sail into
318 ribbons where it would only cause a little hole in a loose
319 sail. For this reason, rigging damage is doubled on a
320 ship with full sails set. Don't let that discourage you
321 from using full sails. I like to keep them up right into
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337 the heat of battle. A ship with full sails set has a cap-
338 ital letter for its nationality. E.g., a Frog, "f0", with
339 full sails set would be printed as "F0".
340
341 When a ship is battered into a listing hulk, the last man
342 aboard "strikes the colors." This ceremony is the ship's
343 formal surrender. The nationality character of a surren-
344 dered ship is printed as "!". E.g., the Frog of our last
345 example would soon be "!0".
346
347 A ship has a random chance of catching fire or sinking
348 when it reaches the stage of listing hulk. A sinking ship
349 has a "~" printed for its nationality, and a ship on fire
350 and about to explode has a "#" printed.
351
352 Captured ships become the nationality of the prize crew.
353 Therefore, if an American ship captures a British ship,
354 the British ship will have an "a" printed for its nation-
355 ality. In addition, the ship number is changed to
356 "&","'", "(", ,")", "*", or "+" depending upon the origi-
357 nal number, be it 0,1,2,3,4, or 5. E.g., the "b0" cap-
358 tured by an American becomes the "a&". The "s4" captured
359 by a Frog becomes the "f*".
360
361 The ultimate example is, of course, an exploding Brit cap-
362 tured by an American: "#&".
363
364M\bMO\bOV\bVE\bEM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
365 Movement is the most confusing part of _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl to many.
366 Ships can head in 8 directions:
367
368 0 0 0
369 b b b0 b b b 0b b
370 0 0 0
371
372 The stern of a ship moves when it turns. The bow remains
373 stationary. Ships can always turn, regardless of the wind
374 (unless they are becalmed). All ships drift when they
375 lose headway. If a ship doesn't move forward at all for
376 two turns, it will begin to drift. If a ship has begun to
377 drift, then it must move forward before it turns, if it
378 plans to do more than make a right or left turn, which is
379 always possible.
380
381 Movement commands to _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl are a string of forward moves
382 and turns. An example is "l3". It will turn a ship left
383 and then move it ahead 3 spaces. In the drawing above,
384 the "b0" made 7 successive left turns. When _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl prompts
385 you for a move, it prints three characters of import.
386 E.g.,
387 move (7, 4):
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403 The first number is the maximum number of moves you can
404 make, including turns. The second number is the maximum
405 number of turns you can make. Between the numbers is
406 sometimes printed a quote "'". If the quote is present,
407 it means that your ship has been drifting, and you must
408 move ahead to regain headway before you turn (see note
409 above). Some of the possible moves for the example above
410 are as follows:
411
412 move (7, 4): 7
413 move (7, 4): 1
414 move (7, 4): d /* drift, or do nothing */
415 move (7, 4): 6r
416 move (7, 4): 5r1
417 move (7, 4): 4r1r
418 move (7, 4): l1r1r2
419 move (7, 4): 1r1r1r1
420
421 Because square riggers performed so poorly sailing into
422 the wind, if at any point in a movement command you turn
423 into the wind, the movement stops there. E.g.,
424
425 move (7, 4): l1l4
426 Movement Error;
427 Helm: l1l
428
429 Moreover, whenever you make a turn, your movement
430 allowance drops to min(what's left, what you would have at
431 the new attitude). In short, if you turn closer to the
432 wind, you most likely won't be able to sail the full
433 allowance printed in the "move" prompt.
434
435 Old sailing captains had to keep an eye constantly on the
436 wind. Captains in _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl are no different. A ship's abil-
437 ity to move depends on its attitude to the wind. The best
438 angle possible is to have the wind off your quarter, that
439 is, just off the stern. The direction rose on the side of
440 the screen gives the possible movements for your ship at
441 all positions to the wind. Battle sail speeds are given
442 first, and full sail speeds are given in parenthesis.
443
444 0 1(2)
445 \|/
446 -^-3(6)
447 /|\
448 | 4(7)
449 3(6)
450
451 Pretend the bow of your ship (the "^") is pointing upward
452 and the wind is blowing from the bottom to the top of the
453 page. The numbers at the bottom "3(6)" will be your speed
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469 under battle or full sails in such a situation. If the
470 wind is off your quarter, then you can move "4(7)". If
471 the wind is off your beam, "3(6)". If the wind is off
472 your bow, then you can only move "1(2)". Facing into the
473 wind, you can't move at all. Ships facing into the wind
474 were said to be "in irons".
475
476W\bWI\bIN\bND\bDS\bSP\bPE\bEE\bED\bD A\bAN\bND\bD D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
477 The windspeed and direction is displayed as a little
478 weather vane on the side of the screen. The number in the
479 middle of the vane indicates the wind speed, and the + to
480 - indicates the wind direction. The wind blows from the +
481 sign (high pressure) to the - sign (low pressure). E.g.,
482
483 |
484 3
485 +
486
487 The wind speeds are 0 = becalmed, 1 = light breeze, 2 =
488 moderate breeze, 3 = fresh breeze, 4 = strong breeze, 5 =
489 gale, 6 = full gale, 7 = hurricane. If a hurricane shows
490 up, all ships are destroyed.
491
492G\bGR\bRA\bAP\bPP\bPL\bLI\bIN\bNG\bG A\bAN\bND\bD F\bFO\bOU\bUL\bLI\bIN\bNG\bG
493 If two ships collide, they run the risk of becoming tan-
494 gled together. This is called "fouling." Fouled ships
495 are stuck together, and neither can move. They can unfoul
496 each other if they want to. Boarding parties can only be
497 sent across to ships when the antagonists are either
498 fouled or grappled.
499
500 Ships can grapple each other by throwing grapnels into the
501 rigging of the other.
502
503 The number of fouls and grapples you have are displayed on
504 the upper right of the screen.
505
506B\bBO\bOA\bAR\bRD\bDI\bIN\bNG\bG
507 Boarding was a very costly venture in terms of human life.
508 Boarding parties may be formed in _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl to either board an
509 enemy ship or to defend your own ship against attack. Men
510 organized as Defensive Boarding Parties fight twice as
511 hard to save their ship as men left unorganized.
512
513 The boarding strength of a crew depends upon its quality
514 and upon the number of men sent.
515
516C\bCR\bRE\bEW\bW Q\bQU\bUA\bAL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY
517 The British seaman was world renowned for his sailing
518 abilities. American sailors, however, were actually the
519 best seamen in the world. Because the American Navy
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535 offered twice the wages of the Royal Navy, British seamen
536 who liked the sea defected to America by the thousands.
537
538 In _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl_\b, crew quality is quantized into 5 energy levels.
539 "Elite" crews can outshoot and outfight all other sailors.
540 "Crack" crews are next. "Mundane" crews are average, and
541 "Green" and "Mutinous" crews are below average. A good
542 rule of thumb is that "Crack" or "Elite" crews get one
543 extra hit per broadside compared to "Mundane" crews.
544 Don't expect too much from "Green" crews.
545
546B\bBR\bRO\bOA\bAD\bDS\bSI\bID\bDE\bES\bS
547 Your two broadsides may be loaded with four kinds of shot:
548 grape, chain, round, and double. You have guns and car-
549 ronades in both the port and starboard batteries. Car-
550 ronades only have a range of two, so you have to get in
551 close to be able to fire them. You have the choice of
552 firing at the hull or rigging of another ship. If the
553 range of the ship is greater than 6, then you may only
554 shoot at the rigging.
555
556 The types of shot and their advantages are:
557
558R\bRO\bOU\bUN\bND\bD
559 Range of 10. Good for hull or rigging hits.
560
561D\bDO\bOU\bUB\bBL\bLE\bE
562 Range of 1. Extra good for hull or rigging hits. Double
563 takes two turns to load.
564
565C\bCH\bHA\bAI\bIN\bN
566 Range of 3. Excellent for tearing down rigging. Cannot
567 damage hull or guns, though.
568
569G\bGR\bRA\bAP\bPE\bE
570 Range of 1. Sometimes devastating against enemy crews.
571
572 On the side of the screen is displayed some vital informa-
573 tion about your ship:
574
575 Load D! R!
576 Hull 9
577 Crew 4 4 2
578 Guns 4 4
579 Carr 2 2
580 Rigg 5 5 5 5
581
582 "Load" shows what your port (left) and starboard (right)
583 broadsides are loaded with. A "!" after the type of shot
584 indicates that it is an initial broadside. Initial
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600 broadside were loaded with care before battle and before
601 the decks ran red with blood. As a consequence, initial
602 broadsides are a little more effective than broadsides
603 loaded later. A "*" after the type of shot indicates that
604 the gun crews are still loading it, and you cannot fire
605 yet. "Hull" shows how much hull you have left. "Crew"
606 shows your three sections of crew. As your crew dies off,
607 your ability to fire decreases. "Guns" and "Carr" show
608 your port and starboard guns. As you lose guns, your
609 ability to fire decreases. "Rigg" shows how much rigging
610 you have on your 3 or 4 masts. As rigging is shot away,
611 you lose mobility.
612
613E\bEF\bFF\bFE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIV\bVE\bEN\bNE\bES\bSS\bS O\bOF\bF F\bFI\bIR\bRE\bE
614 It is very dramatic when a ship fires its thunderous
615 broadsides, but the mere opportunity to fire them does not
616 guarantee any hits. Many factors influence the destruc-
617 tive force of a broadside. First of all, and the chief
618 factor, is distance. It is harder to hit a ship at range
619 ten than it is to hit one sloshing alongside. Next is
620 raking. Raking fire, as mentioned before, can sometimes
621 dismast a ship at range ten. Next, crew size and quality
622 affects the damage done by a broadside. The number of
623 guns firing also bears on the point, so to speak. Lastly,
624 weather affects the accuracy of a broadside. If the seas
625 are high (5 or 6), then the lower gunports of ships of the
626 line can't even be opened to run out the guns. This gives
627 frigates and other flush decked vessels an advantage in a
628 storm. The scenario _\bP_\be_\bl_\bl_\be_\bw _\bv_\bs_\b. _\bT_\bh_\be _\bD_\br_\bo_\bi_\bt_\bs _\bd_\be _\bL_\b'_\bH_\bo_\bm_\bm_\be
629 takes advantage of this peculiar circumstance.
630
631R\bRE\bEP\bPA\bAI\bIR\bRS\bS
632 Repairs may be made to your Hull, Guns, and Rigging at the
633 slow rate of two points per three turns. The message
634 "Repairs Completed" will be printed if no more repairs can
635 be made.
636
637P\bPE\bEC\bCU\bUL\bLI\bIA\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTI\bIE\bES\bS O\bOF\bF C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPU\bUT\bTE\bER\bR S\bSH\bHI\bIP\bPS\bS
638 Computer ships in _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl follow all the rules above with a
639 few exceptions. Computer ships never repair damage. If
640 they did, the players could never beat them. They play
641 well enough as it is. As a consolation, the computer
642 ships can fire double shot every turn. That fluke is a
643 good reason to keep your distance. The _\bD_\br_\bi_\bv_\be_\br figures out
644 the moves of the computer ships. It computes them with a
645 typical A.I. distance function and a depth first search to
646 find the maximum "score." It seems to work fairly well,
647 although I'll be the first to admit it isn't perfect.
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662SAIL(6) BSD Reference Manual SAIL(6)
663
664
665H\bHO\bOW\bW T\bTO\bO P\bPL\bLA\bAY\bY
666 Commands are given to _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl by typing a single character.
667 You will then be prompted for further input. A brief sum-
668 mary of the commands follows.
669
670C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD S\bSU\bUM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bRY\bY
671 'f' Fire broadsides if they bear
672 'l' Reload
673 'L' Unload broadsides (to change ammo)
674 'm' Move
675 'i' Print the closest ship
676 'I' Print all ships
677 'F' Find a particular ship or ships (e.g. "a?" for all Americans)
678 's' Send a message around the fleet
679 'b' Attempt to board an enemy ship
680 'B' Recall boarding parties
681 'c' Change set of sail
682 'r' Repair
683 'u' Attempt to unfoul
684 'g' Grapple/ungrapple
685 'v' Print version number of game
686 '^L' Redraw screen
687 'Q' Quit
688
689 'C' Center your ship in the window
690 'U' Move window up
691 'D','N' Move window down
692 'H' Move window left
693 'J' Move window right
694 'S' Toggle window to follow your ship or stay where it is
695
696
697S\bSC\bCE\bEN\bNA\bAR\bRI\bIO\bOS\bS
698 Here is a summary of the scenarios in _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl_\b:
699
700
701R\bRa\ban\bng\bge\ber\br v\bvs\bs.\b. D\bDr\bra\bak\bke\be:\b:
702 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
703
704 (a) Ranger 19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts)
705 (b) Drake 17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts)
706
707T\bTh\bhe\be B\bBa\bat\btt\btl\ble\be o\bof\bf F\bFl\bla\bam\bmb\bbo\bor\bro\bou\bug\bgh\bh H\bHe\bea\bad\bd:\b:
708 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
709
710 This is John Paul Jones' first famous battle. Aboard the
711 Bonhomme Richard, he was able to overcome the Serapis's
712 greater firepower by quickly boarding her.
713
714 (a) Bonhomme Rich 42 gun Corvette (crack crew) (11 pts)
715
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730 (b) Serapis 44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (12 pts)
731
732A\bAr\brb\bbu\but\bth\bhn\bno\bot\bt a\ban\bnd\bd D\bDe\bes\bs T\bTo\bou\buc\bch\bhe\bes\bs:\b:
733 Wind from the N, blowing a gale.
734
735 (b) America 64 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (20 pts)
736 (b) Befford 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
737 (b) Adamant 50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts)
738 (b) London 98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
739 (b) Royal Oak 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
740 (f) Neptune 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
741 (f) Duc de Bourgogne 80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
742 (f) Conquerant 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
743 (f) Provence 64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
744 (f) Romulus 44 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (10 pts)
745
746S\bSu\buf\bff\bfr\bre\ben\bn a\ban\bnd\bd H\bHu\bug\bgh\bhe\bes\bs:\b:
747 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
748
749 (b) Monmouth 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
750 (b) Hero 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
751 (b) Isis 50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts)
752 (b) Superb 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
753 (b) Burford 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
754 (f) Flamband 50 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (14 pts)
755 (f) Annibal 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
756 (f) Severe 64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
757 (f) Brilliant 80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
758 (f) Sphinx 80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
759
760N\bNy\bym\bmp\bph\bhe\be v\bvs\bs.\b. C\bCl\ble\beo\bop\bpa\bat\btr\bre\be:\b:
761 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
762
763 (b) Nymphe 36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (11 pts)
764 (f) Cleopatre 36 gun Frigate (average crew) (10 pts)
765
766M\bMa\bar\brs\bs v\bvs\bs.\b. H\bHe\ber\brc\bcu\bul\ble\be:\b:
767 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
768 (b) Mars 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
769 (f) Hercule 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (23 pts)
770
771A\bAm\bmb\bbu\bus\bsc\bca\bad\bde\be v\bvs\bs.\b. B\bBa\bai\bio\bon\bnn\bna\bai\bis\bse\be:\b:
772 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
773
774 (b) Ambuscade 32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts)
775 (f) Baionnaise 24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts)
776
777C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\bte\bel\bll\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn v\bvs\bs.\b. I\bIn\bns\bsu\bur\brg\bge\ben\bnt\bt:\b:
778 Wind from the S, blowing a gale.
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794
795 (a) Constellation 38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts)
796 (f) Insurgent 36 gun Corvette (average crew) (11 pts)
797
798C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\bte\bel\bll\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn v\bvs\bs.\b. V\bVe\ben\bng\bge\bea\ban\bnc\bce\be:\b:
799 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
800
801 (a) Constellation 38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts)
802 (f) Vengeance 40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
803
804T\bTh\bhe\be B\bBa\bat\btt\btl\ble\be o\bof\bf L\bLi\bis\bss\bsa\ba:\b:
805 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
806
807 (b) Amphion 32 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
808 (b) Active 38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (18 pts)
809 (b) Volage 22 gun Frigate (elite crew) (11 pts)
810 (b) Cerberus 32 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
811 (f) Favorite 40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
812 (f) Flore 40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
813 (f) Danae 40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
814 (f) Bellona 32 gun Frigate (green crew) (9 pts)
815 (f) Corona 40 gun Frigate (green crew) (12 pts)
816 (f) Carolina 32 gun Frigate (green crew) (7 pts)
817
818C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn v\bvs\bs.\b. G\bGu\bue\ber\brr\bri\bie\ber\bre\be:\b:
819 Wind from the SW, blowing a gale.
820
821 (a) Constitution 44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
822 (b) Guerriere 38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts)
823
824U\bUn\bni\bit\bte\bed\bd S\bSt\bta\bat\bte\bes\bs v\bvs\bs.\b. M\bMa\bac\bce\bed\bdo\bon\bni\bia\ban\bn:\b:
825 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
826
827 (a) United States 44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
828 (b) Macedonian 38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts)
829
830C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn v\bvs\bs.\b. J\bJa\bav\bva\ba:\b:
831 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
832
833 (a) Constitution 44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
834 (b) Java 38 gun Corvette (crack crew) (19 pts)
835
836C\bCh\bhe\bes\bsa\bap\bpe\bea\bak\bke\be v\bvs\bs.\b. S\bSh\bha\ban\bnn\bno\bon\bn:\b:
837 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
838
839 (a) Chesapeake 38 gun Frigate (average crew) (14 pts)
840 (b) Shannon 38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (17 pts)
841
842T\bTh\bhe\be B\bBa\bat\btt\btl\ble\be o\bof\bf L\bLa\bak\bke\be E\bEr\bri\bie\be:\b:
843 Wind from the S, blowing a light breeze.
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859
860 (a) Lawrence 20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts)
861 (a) Niagara 20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts)
862 (b) Lady Prevost 13 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts)
863 (b) Detroit 19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts)
864 (b) Q. Charlotte 17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts)
865
866W\bWa\bas\bsp\bp v\bvs\bs.\b. R\bRe\bei\bin\bnd\bde\bee\ber\br:\b:
867 Wind from the S, blowing a light breeze.
868
869 (a) Wasp 20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts)
870 (b) Reindeer 18 gun Sloop (elite crew) (9 pts)
871
872C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn v\bvs\bs.\b. C\bCy\bya\ban\bne\be a\ban\bnd\bd L\bLe\bev\bva\ban\bnt\bt:\b:
873 Wind from the S, blowing a moderate breeze.
874
875 (a) Constitution 44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24
876 pts) (b) Cyane 24 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11
877 pts) (b) Levant 20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (10
878 pts)
879
880P\bPe\bel\bll\ble\bew\bw v\bvs\bs.\b. D\bDr\bro\boi\bit\bts\bs d\bde\be L\bL'\b'H\bHo\bom\bmm\bme\be:\b:
881 Wind from the N, blowing a gale.
882
883 (b) Indefatigable 44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts)
884 (b) Amazon 36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts)
885 (f) Droits L'Hom 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
886
887A\bAl\blg\bge\bec\bci\bir\bra\bas\bs:\b:
888 Wind from the SW, blowing a moderate breeze.
889
890 (b) Caesar 80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
891 (b) Pompee 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
892 (b) Spencer 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
893 (b) Hannibal 98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
894 (s) Real-Carlos 112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
895 (s) San Fernando 96 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (24 pts)
896 (s) Argonauta 80 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (23 pts)
897 (s) San Augustine 74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)
898 (f) Indomptable 80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
899 (f) Desaix 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
900
901L\bLa\bak\bke\be C\bCh\bha\bam\bmp\bpl\bla\bai\bin\bn:\b:
902 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
903
904 (a) Saratoga 26 gun Sloop (crack crew) (12 pts)
905 (a) Eagle 20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11 pts)
906 (a) Ticonderoga 17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts)
907 (a) Preble 7 gun Brig (crack crew) (4 pts)
908 (b) Confiance 37 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts)
909 (b) Linnet 16 gun Sloop (elite crew) (10 pts)
910
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924
925 (b) Chubb 11 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts)
926
927L\bLa\bas\bst\bt V\bVo\boy\bya\bag\bge\be o\bof\bf t\bth\bhe\be U\bUS\bSS\bS P\bPr\bre\bes\bsi\bid\bde\ben\bnt\bt:\b:
928 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
929
930 (a) President 44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
931 (b) Endymion 40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
932 (b) Pomone 44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (20 pts)
933 (b) Tenedos 38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts)
934
935H\bHo\bor\brn\bnb\bbl\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br a\ban\bnd\bd t\bth\bhe\be N\bNa\bat\bti\biv\bvi\bid\bda\bad\bd:\b:
936 Wind from the E, blowing a gale.
937
938 A scenario for you Horny fans. Remember, he sank the
939 Natividad against heavy odds and winds. Hint: don't try
940 to board the Natividad, her crew is much bigger, albeit
941 green.
942
943 (b) Lydia 36 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
944 (s) Natividad 50 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (14 pts)
945
946C\bCu\bur\brs\bse\be o\bof\bf t\bth\bhe\be F\bFl\bly\byi\bin\bng\bg D\bDu\but\btc\bch\bhm\bma\ban\bn:\b:
947 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
948
949 Just for fun, take the Piece of cake.
950
951 (s) Piece of Cake 24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts)
952 (f) Flying Dutchy 120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
953
954T\bTh\bhe\be S\bSo\bou\but\bth\bh P\bPa\bac\bci\bif\bfi\bic\bc:\b:
955 Wind from the S, blowing a strong breeze.
956
957 (a) USS Scurvy 136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts)
958 (b) HMS Tahiti 120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
959 (s) Australian 32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts)
960 (f) Bikini Atoll 7 gun Brig (crack crew) (4 pts)
961
962H\bHo\bor\brn\bnb\bbl\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br a\ban\bnd\bd t\bth\bhe\be b\bba\bat\btt\btl\ble\be o\bof\bf R\bRo\bos\bsa\bas\bs b\bba\bay\by:\b:
963 Wind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze.
964
965 The only battle Hornblower ever lost. He was able to dismast one
966 ship and stern rake the others though. See if you can do as well.
967
968 (b) Sutherland 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
969 (f) Turenne 80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
970 (f) Nightmare 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
971 (f) Paris 112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
972 (f) Napoleon 74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)
973
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988
989
990C\bCa\bap\bpe\be H\bHo\bor\brn\bn:\b:
991 Wind from the NE, blowing a strong breeze.
992
993 (a) Concord 80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
994 (a) Berkeley 98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
995 (b) Thames 120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
996 (s) Madrid 112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
997 (f) Musket 80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
998
999N\bNe\bew\bw O\bOr\brl\ble\bea\ban\bns\bs:\b:
1000 Wind from the SE, blowing a fresh breeze.
1001
1002 Watch that little Cypress go!
1003
1004 (a) Alligator 120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
1005 (b) Firefly 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
1006 (b) Cypress 44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts)
1007
1008B\bBo\bot\bta\ban\bny\by B\bBa\bay\by:\b:
1009 Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
1010
1011 (b) Shark 64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
1012 (f) Coral Snake 44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
1013 (f) Sea Lion 44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
1014
1015V\bVo\boy\bya\bag\bge\be t\bto\bo t\bth\bhe\be B\bBo\bot\btt\bto\bom\bm o\bof\bf t\bth\bhe\be S\bSe\bea\ba:\b:
1016 Wind from the NW, blowing a fresh breeze.
1017
1018 This one is dedicated to Richard Basehart and David Hedison.
1019
1020 (a) Seaview 120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
1021 (a) Flying Sub 40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
1022 (b) Mermaid 136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts)
1023 (s) Giant Squid 112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
1024
1025F\bFr\bri\big\bga\bat\bte\be A\bAc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn:\b:
1026 Wind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze.
1027
1028 (a) Killdeer 40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
1029 (b) Sandpiper 40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
1030 (s) Curlew 38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts)
1031
1032T\bTh\bhe\be B\bBa\bat\btt\btl\ble\be o\bof\bf M\bMi\bid\bdw\bwa\bay\by:\b:
1033 Wind from the E, blowing a moderate breeze.
1034
1035 (a) Enterprise 80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
1036 (a) Yorktown 80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
1037 (a) Hornet 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
1038 (j) Akagi 112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
1039 (j) Kaga 96 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (24 pts)
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1055 (j) Soryu 80 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (23 pts)
1056
1057
1058S\bSt\bta\bar\br T\bTr\bre\bek\bk:\b:
1059 Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
1060
1061 (a) Enterprise 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
1062 (a) Yorktown 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
1063 (a) Reliant 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
1064 (a) Galileo 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
1065 (k) Kobayashi Maru 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
1066 (k) Klingon II 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
1067 (o) Red Orion 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
1068 (o) Blue Orion 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts)
1069
1070
1071C\bCO\bON\bNC\bCL\bLU\bUS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
1072 _\bS_\ba_\bi_\bl has been a group effort.
1073
1074
1075A\bAU\bUT\bTH\bHO\bOR\bR
1076 Dave Riggle
1077
1078C\bCO\bO-\b-A\bAU\bUT\bTH\bHO\bOR\bR
1079 Ed Wang
1080
1081R\bRE\bEF\bFI\bIT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
1082 Craig Leres
1083
1084C\bCO\bON\bNS\bSU\bUL\bLT\bTA\bAN\bNT\bTS\bS
1085 Chris Guthrie
1086 Captain Happy
1087 Horatio Nelson
1088 and many valiant others...
1089
1090R\bRE\bEF\bFE\bER\bRE\bEN\bNC\bCE\bES\bS
1091 Wooden Ships & Iron Men, by Avalon Hill
1092 Captain Horatio Hornblower Novels, (13 of them) by C.S. Forester
1093 Captain Richard Bolitho Novels, (12 of them) by Alexander Kent
1094 The Complete Works of Captain Frederick Marryat, (about 20) especially
1095 Mr. Midshipman Easy
1096 Peter Simple
1097 Jacob Faithful
1098 Japhet in Search of a Father
1099 Snarleyyow, or The Dog Fiend
1100 Frank Mildmay, or The Naval Officer
1101
1102B\bBU\bUG\bGS\bS
1103 Probably a few, and please report them to "rig-
1104 gle@ernie.berkeley.edu" and "edward@ucbarpa.berkeley.edu"
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Continuous source code history from original PDP-7 UNIX to FreeBSD 2, the first fully unencumbered FreeBSD release.