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1 | GREP(1) BSD Reference Manual GREP(1) |
2 | ||
3 | N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE | |
4 | g\bgr\bre\bep\bp - file pattern searcher | |
5 | ||
6 | S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS | |
7 | g\bgr\bre\bep\bp [-\b-b\bbc\bch\bhi\bil\bln\bno\bos\bsv\bvw\bw] [-\b-e\be _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn] [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\b._\b._\b.] | |
8 | e\beg\bgr\bre\bep\bp [-\b-b\bbc\bch\bhi\bil\bln\bno\bos\bsv\bv] [-\b-e\be _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn] [-\b-f\bf _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b__\bf_\bi_\bl_\be] [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\b._\b._\b.] | |
9 | f\bfg\bgr\bre\bep\bp [-\b-b\bbc\bch\bhi\bil\bln\bno\bos\bsv\bvx\bx] [-\b-e\be _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn] [-\b-f\bf _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b__\bf_\bi_\bl_\be] [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\b._\b._\b.] | |
10 | ||
11 | D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN | |
12 | The g\bgr\bre\bep\bp utilities search the given input files selecting lines which | |
13 | match one or more patterns; the type of patterns is controlled by the op- | |
14 | tions specified. By default, a pattern matches an input line if any reg- | |
15 | ular expression (RE) in the pattern matches the input line without its | |
16 | trailing <new-line>. A null RE matches every line. Each input line that | |
17 | matches at least one of the patterns is written to the standard output. | |
18 | ||
19 | For simple patterns or ex(1) or ed(1) style regular expressions, the g\bgr\bre\bep\bp | |
20 | utility is used. The e\beg\bgr\bre\bep\bp utility can handle extended regular expres- | |
21 | sions and embedded <newline>s in pattern f\bfg\bgr\bre\bep\bp is quick but is designed | |
22 | to handle fixed strings. A fixed string is a string of characters, each | |
23 | character is matched only by itself. The pattern value can consist of | |
24 | multiple lines with embedded <newline>s. In this case, the <newline>s | |
25 | act as alternation characters, allowing any of the pattern lines to match | |
26 | a portion of the input. | |
27 | ||
28 | The following options are available: | |
29 | ||
30 | -\b-b\bb The block number on the disk in which a matched pattern is locat- | |
31 | ed is displayed in front of the respective matched line. | |
32 | ||
33 | -\b-c\bc Only a count of selected lines is written to standard output. | |
34 | ||
35 | -\b-e\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn | |
36 | Specify a pattern used during the search of the input. Multiple | |
37 | -\b-e\be options can be used to specify multiple patterns; an input | |
38 | line is selected of it matches any of the specified patterns. | |
39 | ||
40 | -\b-f\bf _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b__\bf_\bi_\bl_\be | |
41 | The pattern is read from the file named by the pathname pat- | |
42 | tern_file. Trailing newlines in the pattern_file are ignored. | |
43 | (E\bEg\bgr\bre\bep\bp and f\bfg\bgr\bre\bep\bp only). | |
44 | ||
45 | -\b-h\bh Never print filename headers with output lines. | |
46 | ||
47 | -\b-i\bi The case of letters is ignored in making comparisons - that is, | |
48 | upper and lower case are considered identical. | |
49 | ||
50 | -\b-l\bl Only the names of files containing selected lines are written to | |
51 | standard output. Pathnames are listed once per file searched. | |
52 | If the standard input is searched, the pathname `-\b-' is written. | |
53 | ||
54 | -\b-n\bn Each output line is preceded by its relative line number in the | |
55 | file; each file starting at line 1. The line number counter is | |
56 | reset for each file processed. This option is ignored if -\b-c\bc, -\b-l\bl, | |
57 | or -\b-s\bs is specified. | |
58 | ||
59 | -\b-o\bo Always print filename headers with output lines. | |
60 | ||
61 | -\b-s\bs Silent mode. Nothing is printed (except error messages). This | |
62 | is useful for checking the error status. | |
63 | ||
64 | ||
65 | ||
66 | -\b-v\bv Selected lines are those _\bn_\bo_\bt matching the specified patterns. | |
67 | ||
68 | -\b-x\bx Only input lines selected against an entire fixed string or regu- | |
69 | lar expression are considered to be matching lines. (F\bFg\bgr\bre\bep\bp on- | |
70 | ly). | |
71 | ||
72 | -\b-w\bw The expression is searched for as a word (as if surrounded by | |
73 | `\<' and `\>', see ex(1).) (G\bGr\bre\bep\bp only) | |
74 | ||
75 | If no file arguments are specified, the standard input is used. | |
76 | ||
77 | The g\bgr\bre\bep\bp utility exits with one of the following values: | |
78 | ||
79 | 0 One or more lines were selected. | |
80 | 1 No lines were selected. | |
81 | >1 An error occurred. | |
82 | ||
83 | E\bEX\bXT\bTE\bEN\bND\bDE\bED\bD R\bRE\bEG\bGU\bUL\bLA\bAR\bR E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS | |
84 | The following characters are interpreted by e\beg\bgr\bre\bep\bp: | |
85 | ||
86 | $\b$ Align the match from the end of the line. | |
87 | ^\b^ Align the match from the beginning of the line. | |
88 | |\b| Add another pattern (see example below). | |
89 | ?\b? Match 1 or less sequential repetitions of the pattern. | |
90 | +\b+ Match 1 or more sequential repetitions of the pattern. | |
91 | *\b* Match 0 or more sequential repetitions of the pattern. | |
92 | [\b[]\b] Match any single character or range of characters enclosed in the | |
93 | brackets. | |
94 | \\b\ Escape special characters which have meaning to e\beg\bgr\bre\bep\bp, the set of | |
95 | {$,.,^,[,],|,?,+,*,(,)}. | |
96 | ||
97 | E\bEX\bXA\bAM\bMP\bPL\bLE\bES\bS | |
98 | To find all occurances of the word patricia in a file: | |
99 | ||
100 | grep patricia myfile | |
101 | ||
102 | To find all occurences of the pattern `.Pp' at the beginning of a line: | |
103 | ||
104 | grep '^\.Pp' | |
105 | ||
106 | The apostrophys assure the entire expression is evaluated by g\bgr\bre\bep\bp instead | |
107 | of by the users shell. The carat or hat `^' means _\bf_\br_\bo_\bm _\bt_\bh_\be _\bb_\be_\bg_\bi_\bn_\bn_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bo_\bf | |
108 | _\ba _\bl_\bi_\bn_\be, and the `\' escapes the `.' which would otherwise match any char- | |
109 | acter. | |
110 | ||
111 | A simple example of an extended regular expression: | |
112 | ||
113 | egrep '19|20|25' calendar | |
114 | ||
115 | Peruses the file calendar looking for either 19, 20 or 25. | |
116 | ||
117 | S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO | |
118 | ed(1), ex(1), sed(1) | |
119 | ||
120 | H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY | |
121 | The g\bgr\bre\bep\bp command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX. | |
122 | ||
123 | B\bBU\bUG\bGS\bS | |
124 | Lines are limited to 256 characters; longer lines are truncated. | |
125 | ||
126 | 4.4BSD June 6, 1993 2 |