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1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1980 The Regents of the University of California. |
2 | .\" All rights reserved. | |
021014a6 | 3 | .\" |
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4 | .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted |
5 | .\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are | |
6 | .\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, | |
7 | .\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such | |
8 | .\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed | |
9 | .\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the | |
10 | .\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived | |
11 | .\" from this software without specific prior written permission. | |
12 | .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR | |
13 | .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED | |
14 | .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. | |
15 | .\" | |
16 | .\" @(#)boot_vax.8 6.7 (Berkeley) %G% | |
021014a6 | 17 | .\" |
d730f4d7 | 18 | .TH REBOOT 8 "" |
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19 | .UC 4 |
20 | .SH NAME | |
21 | reboot \- UNIX bootstrapping procedures | |
22 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
23 | .B /etc/reboot | |
24 | [ | |
25 | .B \-n | |
26 | ] [ | |
27 | .B \-q | |
28 | ] | |
29 | .SH DESCRIPTION | |
30 | .PP | |
31 | UNIX is started by placing it in memory | |
be1d37d3 | 32 | at location zero and transferring to the entry point. |
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33 | Since the system is not reenterable, |
34 | it is necessary to read it in from disk or tape | |
35 | each time it is to be bootstrapped. | |
36 | .PP | |
37 | .B Rebooting a running system. | |
38 | When a UNIX is running and a reboot is desired, | |
39 | .IR shutdown (8) | |
40 | is normally used. | |
41 | If there are no users then | |
42 | .B /etc/reboot | |
43 | can be used. | |
13e92b42 MK |
44 | Reboot causes the disks to be synced and allows the system |
45 | to perform other shutdown activities such as resynchronizing | |
46 | hardware time-of-day clocks. | |
47 | A multi-user reboot (as described below) is then initiated. | |
48 | This causes a system to be | |
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49 | booted and an automatic disk check to be performed. If all this succeeds |
50 | without incident, the system is then brought up for many users. | |
51 | .PP | |
52 | Options to reboot are: | |
53 | .TP | |
54 | .B \-n | |
55 | option avoids the sync. It can be used if a disk or the processor | |
6f055ecd | 56 | is on fire. |
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57 | .TP |
58 | .B \-q | |
59 | reboots quickly and ungracefully, without shutting down running | |
60 | processes first. | |
61 | .PP | |
b77763cc MK |
62 | .I Reboot |
63 | normally logs the reboot using | |
64 | .IR syslog (8) | |
65 | and places a shutdown record in the login accounting file | |
66 | /usr/adm/wtmp. | |
67 | These actions are inhibited if the | |
68 | .B \-n | |
69 | or | |
70 | .B \-q | |
71 | options are present. | |
72 | .PP | |
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73 | .B "Power fail and crash recovery." |
74 | Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes. | |
75 | Provided the auto-restart is enabled on the machine front panel, | |
be1d37d3 MK |
76 | an automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed, |
77 | and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations. | |
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78 | .PP |
79 | .B Cold starts. | |
3dd800de | 80 | These are processor-type dependent. |
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81 | On an 11/780, there are two floppy files for each disk controller, |
82 | both of which cause boots from unit 0 of the root file system | |
83 | of a controller located on mba0 or uba0. | |
84 | One gives a single user shell, while the other invokes the multi-user | |
85 | automatic reboot. Thus these files are HPS and HPM for the single | |
86 | and multi-user boot from MASSBUS RP06/RM03/RM05 disks, | |
87 | UPS and UPM for UNIBUS storage module controller and disks | |
88 | such as the EMULEX SC-21 | |
3dd800de MK |
89 | and AMPEX 9300 pair, |
90 | RAS and RAM to boot from MSCP controllers and disks such as the RA81, | |
91 | or HKS and HKM for RK07 disks. | |
be1d37d3 MK |
92 | There is also a script for booting from the default device, |
93 | which is normally a copy of one of the standard multi-user boot scripts, | |
94 | but which may be modified to perform other actions | |
95 | or to boot from a different unit. | |
96 | The situation on the 8600 is similar, with scripts loaded from the console RL02. | |
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97 | .PP |
98 | Giving the command | |
99 | .IP | |
100 | >>>BOOT HPM | |
101 | .LP | |
3dd800de | 102 | would boot the system from (e.g.) an RP06 and run the automatic consistency |
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103 | check as described in |
104 | .IR fsck (8). | |
105 | (Note that it may | |
106 | be necessary to type control-P | |
be1d37d3 | 107 | and halt the processor |
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108 | to gain the attention of the LSI-11 before getting the >>> prompt.) |
109 | The command | |
110 | .IP | |
111 | >>>BOOT ANY | |
112 | .LP | |
113 | invokes a version of the boot program in a way which allows you to | |
114 | specify any system as the system to be booted. | |
115 | It reads from the console a device specification (see below) followed | |
116 | immediately by a pathname. | |
117 | .PP | |
be1d37d3 | 118 | The scripts may be modified for local configuration if necessary. |
ca65dd63 KB |
119 | The flags are placed in register 11 (as defined in |
120 | .IR <sys/reboot.h> ). | |
3dd800de MK |
121 | The boot device is specified in register 10. |
122 | The encoding of this register is also defined in | |
123 | .IR <sys/reboot.h> . | |
124 | The current encoding has a historical basis, and is shown in the following | |
125 | table: | |
126 | .LP | |
127 | .ta 5 10 | |
128 | .nf | |
129 | bits usage | |
130 | 0-7 boot device type (the device major number) | |
131 | 8-15 disk partition | |
132 | 16-19 drive unit | |
133 | 20-23 controller number | |
134 | 24-27 adaptor number (UNIBUS or MASSBUS as appropriate) | |
135 | .fi | |
136 | .LP | |
137 | The adaptor number corresponds to the normal configuration on the 11/750, | |
138 | and to the order in which adaptors are found on the 11/780 and 8600 | |
139 | (generally the same as the numbers used by UNIX). | |
be1d37d3 | 140 | .PP |
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141 | On an 11/750, the reset button will boot from the device |
142 | selected by the front panel boot device switch. In systems | |
143 | with RK07's, position B normally selects the RK07 for boot. | |
144 | This will boot multi-user. To boot from RK07 with boot flags you | |
145 | may specify | |
146 | .IP | |
147 | >>>B/\fIn\fR DMA0 | |
148 | .LP | |
149 | where, giving a \fIn\fR of 1 causes the boot program | |
150 | to ask for the name of the system to be bootstrapped, | |
151 | giving a \fIn\fR of 2 causes the boot program to come up single | |
152 | user, and a \fIn\fR of 3 causes both of these actions to occur. | |
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153 | The ``DM'' specifies RK07, the ``A'' represents the adaptor number (UNIBUS |
154 | or MASSBUS), and the ``0'' is the drive unit number. | |
155 | Other disk types which may be used are DB (MASSBUS), DD (TU58), | |
156 | and DU (UDA-50/RA disk). | |
157 | A non-zero disk partition can be used by adding (partition times 1000 hex) | |
158 | to \fIn\fR. | |
021014a6 | 159 | .PP |
3dd800de MK |
160 | The boot procedure on the MicroVAX II is similar. |
161 | A switch on the back panel sets the power-up action | |
162 | to autoboot or to halt. | |
163 | When halted, the processor may be booted using the same syntax | |
164 | as on the 11/750. | |
165 | .PP | |
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166 | The 11/750 boot procedure uses the boot roms to load block 0 off of |
167 | the specified device. The /usr/mdec directory contains a number | |
168 | of bootstrap programs for the various disks which should be placed | |
3dd800de MK |
169 | in a new pack by |
170 | .IR disklabel (8). | |
171 | Similarly, the MicroVAX II boot procedure loads a boot parameter block | |
172 | from block 0 of the disk. | |
173 | The | |
174 | .I rdboot | |
175 | ``bootstrap'' contains the correct parameters for an MSCP disk such | |
176 | as the RD53. | |
021014a6 | 177 | .PP |
be1d37d3 | 178 | On any processor, the |
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179 | .I boot |
180 | program | |
be1d37d3 MK |
181 | finds the corresponding file on the given device |
182 | .RI ( vmunix | |
183 | by default), loads that file | |
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184 | into memory location zero, and starts the program at the entry address |
185 | specified in the program header (after clearing off the high bit | |
be1d37d3 | 186 | of the specified entry address). |
021014a6 | 187 | .PP |
be1d37d3 MK |
188 | The file specifications used with \*(lqBOOT ANY\*(rq or \*(lqB/3\*(rq |
189 | are of the form: | |
021014a6 | 190 | .IP |
3dd800de | 191 | device(adaptor,controller,unit,minor) |
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192 | .PP |
193 | where | |
194 | .I device | |
195 | is the type of the device to be searched, | |
3dd800de MK |
196 | .I adaptor |
197 | is the UNIBUS or MASSBUS number of the adaptor to which the device is attached, | |
198 | .I controller | |
199 | is the unit number of the controller or MASSBUS tape formatter on that adaptor, | |
021014a6 | 200 | .I unit |
3dd800de | 201 | is the unit number of the disk or transport slave unit of the tape, |
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202 | and |
203 | .I minor | |
be1d37d3 | 204 | is the disk partition or tape file number. |
3dd800de | 205 | Leading adaptor or controller numbers default to 0. |
be1d37d3 | 206 | Normal line editing characters can be used when typing the file specification. |
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207 | The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to |
208 | installation: | |
3dd800de | 209 | .LP |
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210 | .ta 5 10 |
211 | .nf | |
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212 | hp MASSBUS disk drive |
213 | up UNIBUS storage module drive | |
021014a6 | 214 | ht TE16,TU45,TU77 on MASSBUS |
3dd800de | 215 | kra storage module on a KDB50 |
6f055ecd | 216 | mt TU78 on MASSBUS |
021014a6 | 217 | hk RK07 on UNIBUS |
3dd800de | 218 | ra storage module on a MSCP-compatible UNIBUS controller |
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219 | rb storage module on a 730 IDC |
220 | rl RL02 on UNIBUS | |
021014a6 | 221 | tm TM11 emulation tape drives on UNIBUS |
3dd800de | 222 | tms TMSCP-compatible tape |
021014a6 | 223 | ts TS11 on UNIBUS |
6f055ecd | 224 | ut UNIBUS TU45 emulator |
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225 | .fi |
226 | .PP | |
be1d37d3 MK |
227 | For example, |
228 | to boot from a file system which starts at cylinder 0 | |
229 | of unit 0 of a MASSBUS disk, type \*(lqhp(0,0)vmunix\*(rq | |
3dd800de MK |
230 | to the boot prompt; \*(lqhp(2,0,1,0)vmunix\*(rq |
231 | would specify drive 1 on MASSBUS adaptor 2; | |
232 | \*(lqup(0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify | |
be1d37d3 | 233 | a UNIBUS drive, \*(lqhk(0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify |
3dd800de MK |
234 | an RK07 disk drive, \*(lqra(1,0,0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify a |
235 | UDA50 disk drive on a second UNIBUS, and \*(lqrb(0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify a | |
be1d37d3 | 236 | disk on a 730 IDC. |
3dd800de MK |
237 | For tapes, the minor device number gives a file offset; |
238 | \*(lqmt(1,2,3,4)\*(rq would specify the fifth file on slave 3 of the formatter | |
239 | at \*(lqdrive\*(rq 2 on mba 1. | |
021014a6 | 240 | .PP |
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241 | On an 11/750 with patchable control store, |
242 | microcode patches will be installed by | |
243 | .I boot | |
244 | if the file | |
245 | .I psc750.bin | |
246 | exists in the root of the filesystem from which the system is booted. | |
247 | .PP | |
021014a6 | 248 | In an emergency, the bootstrap methods described in the paper |
be1d37d3 | 249 | ``Installing and Operating 4.3bsd'' can be used |
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250 | to boot from a distribution tape. |
251 | .SH FILES | |
3dd800de | 252 | .ta \w'/usr/mdec/bootxx 'u |
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253 | /vmunix system code |
254 | .br | |
255 | /boot system bootstrap | |
be1d37d3 MK |
256 | .br |
257 | /usr/mdec/xxboot sector-0 boot block for 750, xx is disk type | |
258 | .br | |
259 | /usr/mdec/bootxx second-stage boot for 750, xx is disk type | |
260 | .br | |
13e92b42 | 261 | /pcs750.bin microcode patch file on 750 |
021014a6 | 262 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
be1d37d3 | 263 | arff(8V), |
6f055ecd | 264 | crash(8V), |
3dd800de | 265 | disklabel(8), |
6f055ecd | 266 | fsck(8), |
be1d37d3 | 267 | halt(8), |
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268 | init(8), |
269 | rc(8), | |
b77763cc MK |
270 | shutdown(8), |
271 | syslogd(8) |