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e804469b C |
1 | .TH SENDMAIL 8 |
2 | .\" @(#)sendmail.8 3.8 12/14/82 | |
3 | .UC 5 | |
4 | .SH NAME | |
5 | sendmail \- send mail over the internet | |
6 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
7 | .B /usr/lib/sendmail | |
8 | [ flags | |
9 | ] [ address ... ] | |
10 | .PP | |
11 | .B newaliases | |
12 | .PP | |
13 | .B mailq | |
14 | .SH DESCRIPTION | |
15 | .I Sendmail | |
16 | sends a message to one or more people, | |
17 | routing the message over whatever networks | |
18 | are necessary. | |
19 | .I Sendmail | |
20 | does internetwork forwarding as necessary | |
21 | to deliver the message to the correct place. | |
22 | .PP | |
23 | .I Sendmail | |
24 | is not intended as a user interface routine; | |
25 | other programs provide user-friendly | |
26 | front ends; | |
27 | .I sendmail | |
28 | is used only to deliver pre-formatted messages. | |
29 | .PP | |
30 | With no flags, | |
31 | .I sendmail | |
32 | reads its standard input | |
33 | up to a control-D | |
34 | or a line with a single dot | |
35 | and sends a copy of the letter found there | |
36 | to all of the addresses listed. | |
37 | It determines the network to use | |
38 | based on the syntax and contents of the addresses. | |
39 | .PP | |
40 | Local addresses are looked up in a file | |
41 | and aliased appropriately. | |
42 | Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the address | |
43 | with a backslash. | |
44 | Normally the sender is not included in any alias | |
45 | expansions, e.g., | |
46 | if `john' sends to `group', | |
47 | and `group' includes `john' in the expansion, | |
48 | then the letter will not be delivered to `john'. | |
49 | .PP | |
50 | Flags are: | |
51 | .TP 1.2i | |
52 | \-ba | |
53 | Go into \s-1ARPANET\s0 mode. | |
54 | All input lines must end with a CR-LF, | |
55 | and all messages will be generated with a CR-LF at the end. | |
56 | Also, | |
57 | the ``From:'' and ``Sender:'' | |
58 | fields are examined for the name of the sender. | |
59 | .TP 1.2i | |
60 | \-bd | |
61 | Run as a daemon. This requires Berkeley IPC. | |
62 | .TP 1.2i | |
63 | \-bi | |
64 | Initialize the alias database. | |
65 | .TP 1.2i | |
66 | \-bm | |
67 | Deliver mail in the usual way (default). | |
68 | .TP 1.2i | |
69 | \-bs | |
70 | Use the \s-2SMTP\s0 protocol as described in RFC821. | |
71 | This flag implies all the operations of the | |
72 | .B \-ba | |
73 | flag that are compatible with \s-2SMTP\s0. | |
74 | .TP 1.2i | |
75 | \-bt | |
76 | Run in address test mode. | |
77 | This mode reads addresses and shows the steps in parsing; | |
78 | it is used for debugging configuration tables. | |
79 | .TP 1.2i | |
80 | \-bv | |
81 | Verify names only \- do not try to collect or deliver a message. | |
82 | Verify mode is normally used for validating | |
83 | users or mailing lists. | |
84 | .TP 1.2i | |
85 | \-bz | |
86 | Create the configuration freeze file. | |
87 | .TP 1.2i | |
88 | .RI \-C file | |
89 | Use alternate configuration file. | |
90 | .TP 1.2i | |
91 | .RI \-d X | |
92 | Set debugging value to | |
93 | .I X. | |
94 | .TP 1.2i | |
95 | .RI \-F fullname | |
96 | Set the full name of the sender. | |
97 | .TP 1.2i | |
98 | .RI \-f name | |
99 | Sets the name of the ``from'' person | |
100 | (i.e., the sender of the mail). | |
101 | .B \-f | |
102 | can only be used | |
103 | by the special users | |
104 | .I root, | |
105 | .I daemon, | |
106 | and | |
107 | .I network, | |
108 | or if the person you are trying to become | |
109 | is the same as the person you are. | |
110 | .TP 1.2i | |
111 | .RI \-h N | |
112 | Set the hop count to | |
113 | .I N. | |
114 | The hop count is incremented every time the mail is | |
115 | processed. | |
116 | When it reaches a limit, | |
117 | the mail is returned with an error message, | |
118 | the victim of an aliasing loop. | |
119 | .TP 1.2i | |
120 | \-n | |
121 | Don't do aliasing. | |
122 | .TP 1.2i | |
123 | .RI \-o x\|value | |
124 | Set option | |
125 | .I x | |
126 | to the specified | |
127 | .I value. | |
128 | Options are described below. | |
129 | .TP 1.2i | |
130 | .RI \-q[ time ] | |
131 | Processed saved messages in the queue at given intervals. | |
132 | If | |
133 | .IT time | |
134 | is omitted, | |
135 | process the queue once. | |
136 | .IT Time | |
137 | is given as a tagged number, | |
138 | with `s' being seconds, | |
139 | `m' being minutes, | |
140 | `h' being hours, | |
141 | `d' being days, | |
142 | and | |
143 | `w' being weeks. | |
144 | For example, | |
145 | ``\-q1h30m'' or ``\-q90m'' | |
146 | would both set the timeout to one hour thirty minutes. | |
147 | .TP 1.2i | |
148 | .RI \-r name | |
149 | An alternate and obsolete form of the \-f flag. | |
150 | .TP 1.2i | |
151 | \-t | |
152 | Read message for recipients. | |
153 | To:, Cc:, and Bcc: lines will be scanned for people to send to. | |
154 | The Bcc: line will be deleted before transmission. | |
155 | Any addresses in the argument list will be suppressed. | |
156 | .TP 1.2i | |
157 | \-v | |
158 | Go into verbose mode. | |
159 | Alias expansions will be announced, etc. | |
160 | .PP | |
161 | There are also a number of processing options that may be set. | |
162 | Normally these will only be used by a system administrator. | |
163 | Options may be set either on the command line | |
164 | using the | |
165 | .B \-o | |
166 | flag | |
167 | or in the configuration file. | |
168 | These are described in detail in the | |
169 | .ul | |
170 | Installation and Operation Guide. | |
171 | The options are: | |
172 | .TP 1.2i | |
173 | .RI A file | |
174 | Use alternate alias file. | |
175 | .TP 1.2i | |
176 | c | |
177 | On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to connect to, | |
178 | don't initiate immediate connection. | |
179 | This requires queueing. | |
180 | .TP 1.2i | |
181 | .RI d x | |
182 | Set the delivery mode to | |
183 | .I x. | |
184 | Delivery modes are | |
185 | `i' for interactive (synchronous) delivery, | |
186 | `b' for background (asynchronous) delivery, | |
187 | and | |
188 | `q' for queue only \- i.e., | |
189 | actual delivery is done the next time the queue is run. | |
190 | .TP 1.2i | |
191 | D | |
192 | Try to automatically rebuild the alias database | |
193 | if necessary. | |
194 | .TP 1.2i | |
195 | .RI e x | |
196 | Set error processing to mode | |
197 | .I x. | |
198 | Valid modes are | |
199 | `m' to mail back the error message, | |
200 | `w' to ``write'' back the error message | |
201 | (or mail it back if the sender is not logged in), | |
202 | `p' to print the errors on the terminal | |
203 | (default), | |
204 | `q' to throw away error messages | |
205 | (only exit status is returned), | |
206 | and `e' | |
207 | to do special processing for the BerkNet. | |
208 | If the text of the message is not mailed back | |
209 | by | |
210 | modes `m' or `w' | |
211 | and if the sender is local to this machine, | |
212 | a copy of the message is appended to the file | |
213 | ``dead.letter'' | |
214 | in the sender's home directory. | |
215 | .TP 1.2i | |
216 | .RI F mode | |
217 | The mode to use when creating temporary files. | |
218 | .TP 1.2i | |
219 | f | |
220 | Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of messages. | |
221 | .TP 1.2i | |
222 | .RI g N | |
223 | The default group id to use when calling mailers. | |
224 | .TP 1.2i | |
225 | .RI H file | |
226 | The SMTP help file. | |
227 | .TP 1.2i | |
228 | i | |
229 | Do not take dots on a line by themselves | |
230 | as a message terminator. | |
231 | .TP 1.2i | |
232 | .RI L n | |
233 | The log level. | |
234 | .TP 1.2i | |
235 | m | |
236 | Send to ``me'' (the sender) also if I am in an alias expansion. | |
237 | .TP 1.2i | |
238 | o | |
239 | If set, this message may have | |
240 | old style headers. | |
241 | If not set, | |
242 | this message is guaranteed to have new style headers | |
243 | (i.e., commas instead of spaces between addresses). | |
244 | If set, an adaptive algorithm is used that will correctly | |
245 | determine the header format in most cases. | |
246 | .TP 1.2i | |
247 | .RI Q queuedir | |
248 | Select the directory in which to queue messages. | |
249 | .TP 1.2i | |
250 | .RI r timeout | |
251 | The timeout on reads; | |
252 | if none is set, | |
253 | .I sendmail | |
254 | will wait forever for a mailer. | |
255 | .TP 1.2i | |
256 | .RI S file | |
257 | Save statistics in the named file. | |
258 | .TP 1.2i | |
259 | s | |
260 | Always instantiate the queue file, | |
261 | even under circumstances where it is not strictly necessary. | |
262 | .TP 1.2i | |
263 | .RI T time | |
264 | Set the timeout on messages in the queue to the specified time. | |
265 | After sitting in the queue for this amount of time, | |
266 | they will be returned to the sender. | |
267 | The default is three days. | |
268 | .TP 1.2i | |
269 | .RI t stz,dtz | |
270 | Set the name of the time zone. | |
271 | .TP 1.2i | |
272 | .RI u N | |
273 | Set the default user id for mailers. | |
274 | .PP | |
275 | If the first character of the user name | |
276 | is a vertical bar, | |
277 | the rest of the user name is used as the name of a program | |
278 | to pipe the mail to. | |
279 | It may be necessary to quote the name of the user | |
280 | to keep | |
281 | .I sendmail | |
282 | from suppressing the blanks from between arguments. | |
283 | .PP | |
284 | .I Sendmail | |
285 | returns an exit status | |
286 | describing what it did. | |
287 | The codes are defined in <sysexits.h> | |
288 | .ta 3n +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+3n | |
289 | .de XX | |
290 | .ti \n(.iu | |
291 | .. | |
292 | .in +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+6n | |
293 | .XX | |
294 | EX_OK Successful completion on all addresses. | |
295 | .XX | |
296 | EX_NOUSER User name not recognized. | |
297 | .XX | |
298 | EX_UNAVAILABLE Catchall meaning necessary resources | |
299 | were not available. | |
300 | .XX | |
301 | EX_SYNTAX Syntax error in address. | |
302 | .XX | |
303 | EX_SOFTWARE Internal software error, | |
304 | including bad arguments. | |
305 | .XX | |
306 | EX_OSERR Temporary operating system error, | |
307 | such as \*(lqcannot fork\*(rq. | |
308 | .XX | |
309 | EX_NOHOST Host name not recognized. | |
310 | .XX | |
311 | EX_TEMPFAIL Message could not be sent immediately, | |
312 | but was queued. | |
313 | .PP | |
314 | If invoked as | |
315 | .I newaliases, | |
316 | .I sendmail | |
317 | will rebuild the alias database. | |
318 | If invoked as | |
319 | .I mailq, | |
320 | .I sendmail | |
321 | will print the contents of the mail queue. | |
322 | .SH FILES | |
323 | Except for | |
324 | /usr/lib/sendmail.cf, | |
325 | these pathnames are all specified in | |
326 | /usr/lib/sendmail.cf. | |
327 | Thus, | |
328 | these values are only approximations. | |
329 | .PP | |
330 | .if t .ta 2i | |
331 | .if n .ta 3i | |
332 | /usr/lib/aliases raw data for alias names | |
333 | .br | |
334 | /usr/lib/aliases.pag | |
335 | .br | |
336 | /usr/lib/aliases.dir data base of alias names | |
337 | .br | |
338 | /usr/lib/sendmail.cf configuration file | |
339 | .br | |
340 | /usr/lib/sendmail.fc frozen configuration | |
341 | .br | |
342 | /usr/lib/sendmail.hf help file | |
343 | .br | |
344 | /usr/lib/sendmail.st collected statistics | |
345 | .br | |
346 | /usr/bin/uux to deliver uucp mail | |
347 | .br | |
348 | /usr/net/bin/v6mail to deliver local mail | |
349 | .br | |
350 | /usr/net/bin/sendberkmail to deliver Berknet mail | |
351 | .br | |
352 | /usr/lib/mailers/arpa to deliver ARPANET mail | |
353 | .br | |
354 | /usr/spool/mqueue/* temp files | |
355 | .br | |
356 | .SH SEE\ ALSO | |
357 | biff(1), binmail(1), mail(1), aliases(5), sendmail.cf(5), | |
358 | rmail(1), | |
359 | RFC819, RFC821, RFC822, | |
360 | .ul | |
361 | Sendmail \- An Internetwork Mail Router, | |
362 | .ul | |
363 | Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide. | |
364 | .SH BUGS | |
365 | .I Sendmail | |
366 | converts blanks in addresses to dots. | |
367 | This is incorrect according to the | |
368 | old | |
369 | .SM ARPANET | |
370 | mail protocol RFC733 (NIC 41952), | |
371 | but is consistent with the | |
372 | new protocols | |
373 | (RFC822). |