.TH REFER 1 "18 July 1983"
refer \- find and insert literature references in documents
that finds and formats references for footnotes or endnotes.
It is also the base for a series of programs designed to
index, search, sort, and print stand-alone bibliographies,
or other data entered in the appropriate form.
Given an incomplete citation with sufficiently precise keywords,
will search a bibliographic database for references
containing these keywords anywhere in the title, author, journal, etc.
The input file (or standard input)
is copied to standard output,
except for lines between .[ and .] delimiters,
which are assumed to contain keywords,
and are replaced by information from the bibliographic database.
The user may also search different databases,
override particular fields, or add new fields.
The reference data, from whatever source, are assigned to a set of
print the finished reference text from these strings.
By default references are flagged by footnote numbers.
The following options are available:
author names (Jones, J. A. instead of J. A. Jones).
is omitted all author names are reversed.
Bare mode: do not put any flags in text (neither numbers nor labels).
Capitalize (with C\s-2APS\s0 S\s-2MALL\s+2 C\s-2APS\s0)
the fields whose key-letters are in
Instead of leaving the references where encountered,
accumulate them until a sequence of the form
is encountered, and then write out all references collected so far.
Collapse references to same source.
Set the footnote number to
instead of the default of 1 (one).
With labels rather than numbers,
Instead of numbering references, use labels as specified in a
reference data line beginning
Instead of numbering references, use labels made from
the senior author's last name and the year of publication.
digits of the date are used.
is omitted the entire name or date respectively is used.
Do not search the default file /usr/dict/papers/Ind.
If there is a REFER environment variable,
the specified file will be searched instead of the default file;
as a file of references to be searched.
The default file is searched last.
Sort references by fields whose key-letters are in the
permute reference numbers in text accordingly.
may be followed by a number to indicate how many such fields
taken as a very large number.
which sorts on the senior author and then date; to sort, for example,
on all authors and then title use
Take a file composed of records separated by blank lines,
will be turned into the macro
Place punctuation marks .,:;?! after the reference signal,
(Periods and commas used to be done with strings.)
Produce references in the Natural or Social Science format.
To use your own references,
put them in the format described below.
They can be searched more rapidly by running
failure to index results in a linear search.
should be first, to minimize the volume
of data passed through pipes.
preprocessor and associated programs
expect input from a file of references
composed of records separated by blank lines.
A record is a set of lines (fields),
each containing one kind of information.
Fields start on a line beginning with a ``%'',
followed by a key-letter, then a blank,
and finally the contents of the field,
and continue until the next line starting with ``%''.
The output ordering and formatting of fields
is controlled by the macros specified for
(for footnotes and endnotes) or
(for stand-alone bibliographies).
For a list of the most common key-letters
and their corresponding fields, see
%T Some Applications of Inverted Indexes on the \s-1UNIX\s0 System
%B \s-1UNIX\s0 Programmer's Manual
.ta \w'/usr/dict/papers\0\0'u
/usr/dict/papers directory of default publication lists
/usr/lib/refer directory of companion programs
addbib(1), sortbib(1), roffbib(1), indxbib(1), lookbib(1)
Blank spaces at the end of lines in bibliography fields
will cause the records to sort and reverse incorrectly.
Sorting large numbers of references causes a core dump.