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.\" @(#)more.1 6.6 (Berkeley) 4/18/91
.TH MORE 1 "April 18, 1991"
more, page \- file perusal filter for crt viewing
is a filter which allows examination of a continuous text
one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal.
It normally pauses after each screenful, printing --More--
at the bottom of the screen.
If the user then types a carriage return, one more line is displayed.
If the user hits a space,
another screenful is displayed. Other possibilities are enumerated later.
The command line options are:
An integer which is the size (in lines) of the window which
will use instead of the default.
will draw each page by beginning at the top of the screen and erasing
each line just before it draws on it.
This avoids scrolling the screen, making it easier to read while
This option will be ignored if the terminal does not have the ability
to clear to the end of a line.
will prompt the user with the message "Press
space to continue, \'q\' to quit." at the end of each screenful,
and will respond to subsequent illegal user input by
printing "Press \'h\' for instructions." instead of ringing the bell.
is being used as a filter in some setting,
where many users may be unsophisticated.
to count logical, rather than screen lines.
That is, long lines are not folded.
This option is recommended if
output is being piped through
since the latter may generate escape sequences.
These escape sequences contain characters which would ordinarily occupy
screen positions, but which do not print when they are sent to the
terminal as part of an escape sequence.
may think that lines are longer than they actually are, and fold
not treat ^\&L (form feed) specially.
If this option is not given,
will pause after any line that contains a ^\&L, as if the end of a
screenful had been reached.
Also, if a file begins with a form feed, the screen will be cleared
before the file is printed.
Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, producing only one blank
line. Especially helpful when viewing
output, this option maximizes the useful information present on the screen.
will handle underlining such as produced by
in a manner appropriate to the particular terminal: if the terminal can
perform underlining or has a stand-out mode,
will output appropriate escape sequences to enable underlining or stand-out
mode for underlined information in the source file. The
option suppresses this processing.
Start up at \fIlinenumber\fP.
Start up two lines before the line containing the
regular expression \fIpattern\fP.
If the program is invoked as
then the screen is cleared before each screenful is printed (but only
if a full screenful is being printed), and
\- 2 lines are printed in each screenful, where
is the number of lines the terminal can display.
to determine terminal characteristics,
and to determine the default window size.
On a terminal capable of displaying 24 lines,
the default window size is 22 lines.
looks in the environment variable
to pre-set any flags desired. For example, if you prefer to view files using
.I "MORE='-c' ; export MORE"
would cause all invocations of
including invocations by programs such as
Normally, the user will place the command sequence which sets up the
environment variable in the
is reading from a file, rather than a pipe, then a percentage is displayed
along with the --More-- prompt.
This gives the fraction of the file (in characters, not lines) that has been
Other sequences which may be typed when
pauses, and their effects, are as follows (\fIi\fP is an optional integer
argument, defaulting to 1) :
more lines, (or another screenful if no argument is given)
display 11 more lines (a ``scroll'').
is given, then the scroll size is set to \fIi\|\fP.
same as typing a space except that \fIi\|\fP, if present, becomes the new
skip \fIi\|\fP lines and print a screenful of lines
skip \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
skip back \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
Display the current line number.
Help command; give a description of all the
search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the regular expression \fIexpr.\fP
If there are less than \fIi\fP occurrences of \fIexpr\|\fP,
and the input is a file (rather than a pipe),
then the position in the file remains unchanged.
Otherwise, a screenful is displayed, starting two lines before the place
where the expression was found.
The user's erase and kill characters may be used to edit the regular
Erasing back past the first column cancels the search command.
search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the last regular expression entered.
(single quote) Go to the point from which the last search started.
If no search has been performed in the current file, this command
goes back to the beginning of the file.
invoke a shell with \fIcommand\|\fP.
The characters `%' and `!' in "command" are replaced with the
current file name and the previous shell command respectively.
If there is no current file name, `%' is not expanded.
The sequences "\\%" and "\\!" are replaced by "%" and "!" respectively.
skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th next file given in the command line
(skips to last file if n doesn't make sense)
skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th previous file given in the command line.
If this command is given in the middle of printing out a
goes back to the beginning of the file. If \fIi\fP doesn't make sense,
skips back to the first file.
is not reading from a file, the bell is rung and nothing else happens.
display the current file name and line number.
(dot) repeat the previous command.
The commands take effect immediately, i.e., it is not necessary to
Up to the time when the command character itself is given,
the user may hit the line kill character to cancel the numerical
In addition, the user may hit the erase character to redisplay the
At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, the user can
hit the quit key (normally control\-\\).
will stop sending output, and will display the usual --More--
The user may then enter one of the above commands in the normal manner.
Unfortunately, some output is lost when this is done, due to the
fact that any characters waiting in the terminal's output queue
are flushed when the quit signal occurs.
mode by this program so that the output can be continuous.
What you type will thus not show on your terminal, except for the / and !
If the standard output is not a teletype, then
except that a header is printed before each file (if there is
nroff \-ms +2 doc.n | more -s
/etc/termcap Terminal data base
/usr/lib/more.help Help file
csh(1), man(1), msgs(1), script(1), sh(1), environ(7)
Skipping backwards is too slow on large files.