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.\" @(#)send.2 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
.Nd send a message from a socket
.Fd #include <sys/types.h>
.Fd #include <sys/socket.h>
.Fn send "int s" "const void *msg" "int len" "int flags"
.Fn sendto "int s" "const void *msg" "int len" "int flags" "const struct sockaddr *to" "int tolen"
.Fn sendmsg "int s" "const struct msghdr *msg" "int flags"
are used to transmit a message to another socket.
may be used only when the socket is in a
The address of the target is given by
The length of the message is given by
If the message is too long to pass atomically through the
underlying protocol, the error
the message is not transmitted.
No indication of failure to deliver is implicit in a
Locally detected errors are indicated by a return value of -1.
If no messages space is available at the socket to hold
the message to be transmitted, then
normally blocks, unless the socket has been placed in
call may be used to determine when it is possible to
parameter may include one or more of the following:
#define MSG_OOB 0x1 /* process out-of-band data */
#define MSG_DONTROUTE 0x4 /* bypass routing, use direct interface */
data on sockets that support this notion (e.g.
the underlying protocol must also support
is usually used only by diagnostic or routing programs.
The call returns the number of characters sent, or -1
.Bl -tag -width [EMSGSIZE]
An invalid descriptor was specified.
An invalid user space address was specified for a parameter.
The socket requires that message be sent atomically,
and the size of the message to be sent made this impossible.
The socket is marked non-blocking and the requested operation
The system was unable to allocate an internal buffer.
The operation may succeed when buffers become available.
The output queue for a network interface was full.
This generally indicates that the interface has stopped sending,
but may be caused by transient congestion.
function call appeared in