*Values separated by "\fB;\fR" are for \*(NR and \*(TR respectively.
\s-1#\s+1Notes are explained at the end of this Summary and Index
Font and Character Size Control
\fB&ps\fI\|\(+-N\fR 10\|point previous E Point size; also \fB\es\fI\(+-N\fR.\(dg
\fB&ss\fI|N\fR 12\(sl36\|em ignored E Space-character size
set to \fIN\fR\(sl36\|em.\(dg
\fB&cs\fI\|F\|N\|M\fR off - P Constant character
mode (font \fIF\^\fR\^).\(dg
\fB&bd\fI|F|N\fR off - P Embolden font \fIF\fR by \fIN\fR\(mi1 units.\(dg
\fB&bd|S|\fIF|N\fR off - P Embolden Special Font when current font is \fIF\fR.\(dg
\fB&ft\fI|F\fR Roman previous E Change to font
\fIF\fR|= \fIx\fR, \fIxx\fR, or 1-4.
Also \fB\ef\fIx\fR,\|\fB\ef(\fIxx\fR,\|\fB\ef\fIN\fR.
\fB&fp\fI|N|F\fR R,I,B,S ignored - Font named \fIF\fR mounted on physical position 1\(<=\fIN\fR\(<=4.
\fB&pl\fI\|\(+-N\fR 11\|in 11\|in \fBv\fR Page length.
\fB&bp|\fI\(+-N\fR \fIN\(eq\fR1 - B\(dd,\fBv\fR \
Eject current page; next page number \fIN\fR.
\(ddThe use of "\ \fB\'\fR\ " as control character (instead of "\fB.\fR")
suppresses the break function.
\fB&pn\fI|\(+-N N\(eq\fR1 ignored - Next page number \fIN\fR.
\fB&po\fI|\(+-N\fR 0;|26\(sl27\|in previous \fBv\fR Page offset.
\fB&ne\fI|N\fR - \fIN\(eq\fR1\fIV\fR D,\fBv\fR Need \fIN\fR vertical space (\fIV\fR = vertical spacing).
\fB&mk|\fIR\fR none internal D Mark current vertical place in register \fIR\fR.
\fB&rt\fI|\(+-N\fR none internal D,\fBv\fR Return \fI(upward only)\fR to marked vertical place.
Text Filling, Adjusting, and Centering
\fB&fi\fR \(fill - B,E Fill output lines.
\fB&nf\fR fill - B,E No filling or adjusting of output lines.
\fB&ad\fI|c\fR adj,both adjust E Adjust output lines with mode \fIc\fR.
\fB&na\fR adjust - E No output line adjusting.
\fB&ce\fI|N\fR off \fIN\(eq\fR1 B,E Center following \fIN\fR input text lines.
\fB&vs\fI|N\fR 1\(sl6in;12pts previous E,\fBp\fR Vertical base line spacing (\fIV\fR\^).
\fB&ls\fI|N N\(eq\fR1 previous E Output \fIN\(mi\fR1 \fIV\^\fRs after each text output line.
\fB&sp\fI|N\fR - \fIN\(eq\fR1\fIV\fR B,\fBv\fR Space \
vertical distance \fIN\fR \fIin either direction\fR.
\fB&sv\fI|N\fR - \fIN\(eq\fR1\fIV\fR \fBv\fR Save vertical distance \fIN\fR.
\fB&os\fR - - - Output saved vertical distance.
\fB&ns\fR space - D Turn no-space mode on.
\fB&rs\fR - - D Restore spacing; turn no-space mode off.
Line Length and Indenting
\fB&ll\fI|\(+-N\fR 6.5\|in previous E,\fBm\fR Line length.
\fB&in\fI|\(+-N\fR \fIN\(eq\fR\^0 previous B,E,\fBm\fR Indent.
\fB&ti\fI|\(+-N\fR - ignored B,E,\fBm\fR Temporary indent.
Macros, Strings, Diversion, and Position Traps
\fB&de\fI|xx|yy\fR - \fI.yy=\fB..\fR - Define or redefine macro \fIxx;\fR end at call of \fIyy\fR.
\fB&am\fI|xx|yy\fR - \fI.yy=\fB..\fR - Append to a macro.
\fB&ds\fI|xx|string\fR - ignored - Define a string \fIxx\fR containing \fIstring\fR.
\fB&as\fI|xx|string\fR - ignored - Append \fIstring\fR to string \fIxx\fR.
\fB&rm\fI|xx\fR - ignored - Remove request, macro, or string.
\fB&rn\fI|xx|yy\fR - ignored - Rename request, macro, or string \fIxx\fR to \fIyy\fR.
\fB&di\fI|xx\fR - end D Divert output to macro \fIxx\fR.
\fB&da\fI|xx\fR - end D Divert and append to \fIxx\fR.
\fB&wh\fI|N|xx\fR - - \fBv\fR Set location trap; negative is w.r.t. page bottom.
\fB&ch\fI|xx|N\fR - - \fBv\fR Change trap location.
\fB&dt\fI|N|xx\fR - off D,\fBv\fR Set a diversion trap.
\fB&it\fI|N|xx\fR - off E Set an input-line count trap.
\fB&em\fI|xx\fR none none - End macro is \fIxx\fI.
\fB&nr\fI|R|\(+-N|M\fR - \fBu\fR Define and set number register \fIR\fR; auto-increment by \fIM\fR.
\fB&af\fI|R|c\fR arabic - - Assign format to register \fIR\fR (\fIc=\fB1\fR, \fBi\fR, \fBI\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBA\fR).
\fB&rr\fI|R\fR - - - Remove register \fIR\fR.
Tabs, Leaders, and Fields
\fB&ta\fI|Nt|...\fR 0.8;|0.5in none E,\fBm\fR Tab settings; \fIleft\fR type, unless \fIt=\fBR\fR(right), \fBC\fR(centered).
\fB&tc\fI|c\fR none none E Tab repetition character.
\fB&lc\fI|c\fR \fB.\fR none E Leader repetition character.
\fB&fc\fI|a|b\fR off off - Set field delimiter \fIa\fR and pad character \fIb\fR.
Input and Output Conventions and Character Translations
\fB&ec\fI|c\fR \e \e - Set escape character.
\fB&eo\fR on - - Turn off escape character mechanism.
\fB&lg\fI|N\fR -;\|on on - Ligature mode
\fB&ul\fI|N\fR off \fIN\(eq\fR1 E Underline (italicize in \*(TR) \fIN\fR input lines.
\fB&cu\fI|N\fR off \fIN\(eq\fR1 E Continuous underline in \*(NR; like \fBul\fR in \*(TR.
\fB&uf\fI|F\fR Italic Italic - Underline font set to \fIF\fR (to be switched to by \fBul\fR).
\fB&cc\fI|c\fR \fB. .\fR E Set control character to \fIc\fR.
\fB&c2\fI|c\fR \fB\' \'\fR E Set nobreak control character to \fIc\fR.
\fB&tr\fI|abcd....\fR none - O Translate \fIa\fR to \fIb\fR, etc. on output.
Local Horizontal and Vertical Motions, and the Width Function
Overstrike, Bracket, Line-drawing, and Zero-width Functions
\fB&nh\fR hyphenate - E No hyphenation.
\fB&hy\fI|N\fR hyphenate hyphenate E Hyphenate; \fIN =\fR mode.
\fB&hc\fI|c\fR \fB\e% \e%\fR E Hyphenation indicator character \fIc\fR.
\fB&hw\fI|word1|...\fR ignored - Exception words.
\fB&tl\fI|\'left\|\'center\|\'right\|\'\fR - - Three part title.
\fB&pc\fI|c\fR \fB%\fR off - Page number character.
\fB<\fI|\(+-N\fR 6.5\|in previous E,\fBm\fR Length of title.
\fB&nm\fI|\(+-N|M|S|I\fR off E Number mode on or off, set parameters.
\fB&nn\fI|N\fR - \fIN\(eq\fR1 E Do not number next \fIN\fR lines.
Conditional Acceptance of Input
\fB&if\fI|c|anything\fR - - If condition \fIc\fR true, accept \fIanything\fR as input,
for multi-line use \fI\e{anything\|\e}\fR.
\fB&if|!\fIc|anything\fR - - If condition \fIc\fR false, accept \fIanything\fR.
\fB&if\fI|N|anything\fR - \fBu\fR If expression \fIN\fR > 0, accept \fIanything\fR.
\fB&if|!\fIN|anything\fR - \fBu\fR If expression \fIN\fR \(<= 0, accept \fIanything\fR.
\fB&if\fI|\|\'string1\|\'string2\|\'|anything\fR - If \fIstring1\fR identical to \fIstring2\fR,
\fB&if|!\fI\|\'string1\|\'string2\|\'|anything\fR - If \fIstring1\fR not identical to \fIstring2\fR,
\fB&ie\fI|c|anything\fR - \fBu\fR If portion of if-else; all above forms (like \fBif\fR).
\fB&el\fI|anything\fR - - Else portion of if-else.
\fB&ev\fI|N\fR \fIN\(eq\fR0 previous - Environment switched (\fIpush down\fR).
Insertions from the Standard Input
\fB&rd\fI|prompt\fR\fR - \fIprompt=\s-1\fRBEL\s+1 - Read insertion.
Exit from \*(NR\(sl\*(TR.
Input\(slOutput File Switching
\fB&so\fI|filename\fR - - Switch source file \fI(push down)\fR.
\fB&nx\fI|filename\fR end-of-file - Next file.
\fB&pi\fI|program\fR - - Pipe output to \fIprogram\fR (\*(NR only).
\fB&mc\fI|c|N\fR - off E,\fBm\fR Set margin character \fIc\fR and separation \fIN\fR.
\fB&tm\fI|string\fR - newline - Print \fIstring\fR on terminal \
(\s-1UNIX\s+1 standard message output).
\fB&ig\fI|yy\fR - \fI.yy=\fB..\fR - Ignore till call of \fIyy\fR.
\fB&pm\fI|t\fR - all - Print macro names and sizes;
if \fIt\fR present, print only total of sizes.
\fB&fl\fR - - B Flush output buffer.
Output and Error Messages
B Request normally causes a break.
D Mode or relevant parameters associated with current diversion level.
E Relevant parameters are a part of the current environment.
O Must stay in effect until logical output.
P Mode must be still or again in effect at the time of physical output.
\fBv\fR,\fBp\fR,\fBm\fR,\fBu\fR Default scale indicator; if not specified, scale indicators are \fIignored\fR.
Alphabetical Request and Section Number Cross Reference
Escape Sequences for Characters, Indicators, and Functions
Reference Sequence Meaning
10.1 \fB\e\e\fR \e (to prevent or delay the interpretation of \e\|)
10.1 \fB\ee\fR Printable version of the \fIcurrent\fR escape character.
2.1 \fB\e\'\fR \' (acute accent); equivalent to \fB\e(aa\fR
2.1 \fB\e\`\fR \` (grave accent); equivalent to \fB\e(ga\fR
2.1 \fB\e\-\fR \- Minus sign in the \fIcurrent\fR font
7 \fB\e\^.\fR Period (dot) (see \fBde\fR)
11.1 \fB\e\fR(space) Unpaddable space-size space character
11.1 \fB\e0\fR Digit width space
11.1 \fB\e\||\fR 1\(sl6\|em narrow space character (zero width in \*(NR)
11.1 \fB\e^\fR 1\(sl12\|em half-narrow space character (zero width in \*(NR)
4.1 \fB\e&\fR Non-printing, zero width character
10.6 \fB\e!\fR Transparent line indicator
10.7 \fB\e"\fR Beginning of comment
7.3 \fB\e$\fIN\fR Interpolate argument 1\(<=\fIN\fR\(<=9
13 \fB\e%\fR Default optional hyphenation character
2.1 \fB\e(\fIxx\fR Character named \fIxx\fR
7.1 \fB\e\(**\fIx\fR,|\fB\e\(**(\fIxx\fR Interpolate string \fIx\fR or \fIxx\fR
9.1 \fB\ea\fR Non-interpreted leader character
12.3 \fB\eb\fI\'abc...\|\'\fR Bracket building function
4.2 \fB\ec\fR Interrupt text processing
11.1 \fB\ed\fR Forward (down) 1\(sl2\|em vertical motion (1\(sl2 line in \*(NR)
2.2 \fB\ef\fIx\fR,\fB\ef(\fIxx\fR,\fB\ef\fIN\fR Change to font named \fIx\fR or \fIxx\fR, or position \fIN\fR
11.1 \fB\eh\fI\'N|\'\fR Local horizontal motion; move right \fIN\fR \fI(negative left)\fR
11.3 \fB\ek\fIx\fR Mark horizontal \fIinput\fR place in register \fIx\fR
12.4 \fB\el\fI\|\'Nc\|\'\fR Horizontal line drawing function (optionally with \fIc\fR\|)
12.4 \fB\eL\fI\'Nc\|\'\fR Vertical line drawing function (optionally with \fIc\fR\|)
8 \fB\en\fIx\fR,\fB\en(\fIxx\fR Interpolate number register \fIx\fR or \fIxx\fR
12.1 \fB\eo\fI\'abc...\|\'\fR Overstrike characters \fIa, b, c, ...\fR
4.1 \fB\ep\fR Break and spread output line
11.1 \fB\er\fR Reverse 1\|em vertical motion (reverse line in \*(NR)
2.3 \fB\es\fIN\fR,\|\fB\es\fI\(+-N\fR Point-size change function
9.1 \fB\et\fR Non-interpreted horizontal tab
11.1 \fB\eu\fR Reverse (up) 1\(sl2\|em vertical motion (1\(sl2 line in \*(NR)
11.1 \fB\ev\fI\'N\|\|\'\fR Local vertical motion; move down \fIN\fR \fI(negative up)\fR
11.2 \fB\ew\fI\'string\|\'\fR Interpolate width of \fIstring\fR
5.2 \fB\ex\fI\'N\|\|\'\fR Extra line-space function \fI(negative before, positive after)\fR
12.2 \fB\ez\fIc\fR Print \fIc\fR with zero width (without spacing)
16 \fB\e{\fR Begin conditional input
16 \fB\e}\fR End conditional input
10.7 \fB\e\fR(newline) Concealed (ignored) newline
- \fB\e\fIX\fR \fIX\fR, any character \fInot\fR listed above
\fB\e\fR(newline) are interpreted in \fIcopy mode\fR (\(sc7.2).
Predefined General Number Registers
Reference Name Description
3 \fB%\fR Current page number.
11.2 \fBct\fR Character type (set by \fIwidth\fR function).
7.4 \fBdl\fR Width (maximum) of last completed diversion.
7.4 \fBdn\fR Height (vertical size) of last completed diversion.
- \fBdw\fR Current day of the week (1-7).
- \fBdy\fR Current day of the month (1-31).
11.3 \fBhp\fR Current horizontal place on \fIinput\fR line.
15 \fBln\fR Output line number.
- \fBmo\fR Current month (1-12).
4.1 \fBnl\fR Vertical position of last printed text base-line.
11.2 \fBsb\fR Depth of string below base line (generated by \fIwidth\fR function).
11.2 \fBst\fR Height of string above base line (generated by \fIwidth\fR function).
- \fByr\fR Last two digits of current year.
Predefined Read-Only Number Registers
Reference Name Description
7.3 \fB&$\fR Number of arguments available at the current macro level.
- \fB&A\fR Set to 1 in \*(TR, if \fB\-a\fR option used; always 1 in \*(NR.
11.1 \fB&H\fR Available horizontal resolution in basic units.
- \fB&T\fR Set to 1 in \*(NR, if \fB\-T\fR option used; always 0 in \*(TR.
11.1 \fB&V\fR Available vertical resolution in basic units.
5.2 \fB&a\fR Post-line extra line-space most recently utilized \
using \fB\ex\fI\'N\|\'\fR.
- \fB&c\fR Number of \fIlines\fR read from current input file.
7.4 \fB&d\fR Current vertical place in current diversion; equal to \fBnl\fR, if no diversion.
2.2 \fB&f\fR Current font as physical quadrant (1-4).
4 \fB&h\fR Text base-line high-water mark on current page or diversion.
6 \fB&i\fR Current indent.
6 \fB&l\fR Current line length.
4 \fB&n\fR Length of text portion on previous output line.
3 \fB&o\fR Current page offset.
3 \fB&p\fR Current page length.
2.3 \fB&s\fR Current point size.
7.5 \fB&t\fR Distance to the next trap.
4.1 \fB&u\fR Equal to 1 in fill mode and 0 in nofill mode.
5.1 \fB&v\fR Current vertical line spacing.
11.2 \fB&w\fR Width of previous character.
- \fB&x\fR Reserved version-dependent register.
- \fB&y\fR Reserved version-dependent register.
7.4 \fB&z\fR Name of current diversion.
projects / unix-history / blob