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.\" @(#)hier.7 8.5 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
.Nd layout of filesystems
An outline of the filesystem hierarchy.
.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/"
root directory of the system
alternate root filesystem, in case of disaster
home directories mount point; see
utilities used in both single and multi-user environments
block, character and other special device files
.Bl -tag -width "MAKEDEV" -compact
script for creating device files;
the computer's console device
kernel logging device; see
kernel virtual memory device; see
UNIX domain datagram log socket; see
kernel physical memory device; see
process' controlling terminal device; see
system configuration files and scripts
.Bl -tag -width "master.passwd" -compact
files backed up by the security script
disk description file, see
dungeon master configuration; see
filesystem export information; see
filesystem information; see
terminal configuration database; see
group permissions file; see
host name database backup for
trusted machines with equivalent user ID's
trusted machines with printing privileges
Internet server configuration file; see
configuration files for the kerberos version IV;
local timezone information;
system-wide initialization script for
password files and their databases; see
system message of the day
mtree configuration files;
named configuration files and databases;
network name data base; see
remote host phone number data base; see
system printer configuration; see
protocol name database; see
system startup files; see
remote host description file; see
daily (in)security script run by
configuration information
service name data base; see
list of permitted shells; see
slip login/logout scripts; see
terminal type database; see
terminal initialization information; see
mount point for the automounter; see
empty directory commonly used by
system administrators as a temporary mount point
home directory for the super-user
.Bl -tag -width ".profile" -compact
super-user id mapping between machines
system programs and administration utilities
used in both single-user and multi-user environments
programs used in a standalone environment
symbolic link to the operating system source
temporary files, usually a
memory-based filesystem (the contents
of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot)
contains the majority of the system utilities and files
.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact
.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
common utilities, programming tools, and applications
packages maintained by groups other than Berkeley
.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
contributed include files
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
include files for X11 window system
include files for Internet service protocols
include files for the C++ compiler
include files for kerberos authentication package;
machine specific include files
miscellaneous network include files
CCITT networking include files
include files for Internet standard protocols;
include files for ISO standard protocols;
include files for XNS standard protocols;
include files for NFS (Network File System)
include files for Berkeley service protocols
include files for Sun Microsystem's RPC package
include files for XNS package
system C library archives; see
.Bl -tag -width "uucp/" -compact
UUCP binaries and scripts (historically placed; to be moved)
miscellaneous utility data files
system daemons and system utilities (executed by other programs)
local executables, libraries, etc.
.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
tree; normally a symbolic link or mounted filesystem
programs from past lives of
which may disappear in future releases
.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
system daemons and system utilities (normally executed by the super-user)
architecture-independent text files
.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact
a variety of calendar files; see
.Bl -tag -width "special/" -compact
words of Webster's 2nd International
miscellaneous documentation; source for most of the printed
text files used by various games
miscellaneous system-wide text files
.Bl -tag -width "termcap" -compact
terminal characteristics database;
sample initialization files for new user accounts
tab description files for a variety of terminals, used in
timezone configuration information;
source for utilities/files in
source for utilities/files in
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
source for utilities/files in
source for utilities/files in
source (usually example files) for files in
source for utilities/files in
source for Kerberos version IV utilities and libraries
source for utilities/files in
source for utilities/files in
source for utilities/files in
source for utilities/files in
.Bl -tag -width "doc/" -compact
.Bl -tag -width "papers/" -compact
source for various Berkeley technical papers
source for Programmer's Supplementary Documents
source for System Manager's Manual
source for User's Supplementary Documents
.Bl -tag -width "deprecated/" -compact
kernel compilation directory
architecture independent configuration directory
deprecated kernel functionality
architecture independent device support
general support for Hewlett-Packard architectures
support for the Hewlett-Packard 9000/300 68000-based workstations
support for the Intel 386/486 workstations
support for ISO filesystems
.Bl -tag -width "cd9660/" -compact
support for the ISO-9660 filesystem
support for the high kernel (system calls)
C library routines used in the kernel
Omron Luna 68000-based workstations
general support for MIPS architectures
miscellaneous file systems
miscellaneous networking support
TCP/IP networking support
Sony News MIPS-based workstations
DECstation 3100 and 5000 MIPS-based workstations
Sparcstation I & II SPARC-based workstations
kernel standalone support
kernel (and system) include files
Computer Consoles Inc. Tahoe architecture (obsolete)
.Bl -tag -width "ffs/" -compact
the Berkeley Fast File System
the log-structured file system
the in-memory file system
shared UNIX file system support
Digital Equipment Corp. VAX architecture (obsolete)
multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
.Bl -tag -width "acct" -compact
execution accounting file;
timed command scheduling files;
miscellaneous backup files, largely of files found in
miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files
miscellaneous game status and log files
miscellaneous system log files
.Bl -tag -width "monthly.out" -compact
output of the last run of the
system last time logged in log; see
printer daemon error logs; see
general system information log
output of the last run of the
sensitive security information log
output of the last run of the
temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death of
filesystem quota information
system information files, rebuilt after each reboot
.Bl -tag -width "utmp" -compact
database of current users; see
miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories
.Bl -tag -width "uucppublic/" -compact
the anonymous ftp root directory; see
Network news archival and spooling directories
printer spooling directories
secretmail spool directory;
the uucp public temporary directory; see
temporary files that are not discarded between system reboots
.Bl -tag -width "vi.recover/" -compact
the executable for the operating system
projects / unix-history / blob