SCCS-vsn: share/doc/papers/relengr/0.t 1.3
SCCS-vsn: share/doc/papers/relengr/1.t 1.4
SCCS-vsn: share/doc/papers/relengr/2.t 1.4
SCCS-vsn: share/doc/papers/relengr/3.t 1.4
-.\" @(#)0.t 1.2 (Copyright 1989 M. K. McKusick) 89/02/19
+.\" @(#)0.t 1.3 (Copyright 1989 M. K. McKusick) 89/02/23
+.nr PO 1.25i
+.ds CH "
+.ds CF "%
.nr Fn 0 1
.ds b3 4.3\s-1BSD\s+1
.de KI
.nr Fn 0 1
.ds b3 4.3\s-1BSD\s+1
.de KI
Marshall Kirk McKusick
.AU
Michael J. Karels
Marshall Kirk McKusick
.AU
Michael J. Karels
.AI
Computer Systems Research Group
Computer Science Division
.AI
Computer Systems Research Group
Computer Science Division
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, California 94720
.AB
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, California 94720
.AB
-This paper describes the approach used by a small group of people
+This paper describes an approach used by a small group of people
to develop and integrate a large software system.
It details the development and release engineering strategy
to develop and integrate a large software system.
It details the development and release engineering strategy
-used during the preparation of the 4.3BSD UNIX\(dg
+used during the preparation of the 4.3BSD version of the UNIX\(dg
.FS
\(dgUNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T in the US and other countries.
.FE
.FS
\(dgUNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T in the US and other countries.
.FE
-.\" @(#)1.t 1.3 (Copyright 1989 M. K. McKusick) 89/02/23
+.\" @(#)1.t 1.4 (Copyright 1989 M. K. McKusick) 89/02/23
tuning, and correction of the new facilities.
The timely followup of ``cleanup'' releases reflects the importance
.SM CSRG
tuning, and correction of the new facilities.
The timely followup of ``cleanup'' releases reflects the importance
.SM CSRG
-places on providing a reliable and robust system upon which its
+places on providing a reliable and robust system on which its
user community can depend.
.PP
The development of the Berkeley Software Distribution
user community can depend.
.PP
The development of the Berkeley Software Distribution
-.\" @(#)2.t 1.3 (Copyright 1989 M. K. McKusick) 89/02/23
+.\" @(#)2.t 1.4 (Copyright 1989 M. K. McKusick) 89/02/23
.NH
System Development
.PP
.NH
System Development
.PP
the Internet Worm.
.PP
These projects are ordered based on the perceived benefit of the
the Internet Worm.
.PP
These projects are ordered based on the perceived benefit of the
-project as opposed to its difficulty, and some number of them are
-selected for inclusion in each new release.
-Usually there is a prototype available from a group outside of
+project as opposed to its difficulty;
+the most important are selected for inclusion in each new release.
+Usually there is a prototype available from a group outside
.SM CSRG .
If possible, this prototype is obtained to use as a starting base
for integration into the
.SM CSRG .
If possible, this prototype is obtained to use as a starting base
for integration into the
this control system is critical for notifying people
when they are colliding with other ongoing projects.
Even more important, however,
this control system is critical for notifying people
when they are colliding with other ongoing projects.
Even more important, however,
-is the audit trail maintained by the control system which
+is the audit trail maintained by the control system that
is critical to the release engineering phase of the project
described in the next section.
.PP
is critical to the release engineering phase of the project
described in the next section.
.PP
decides that it is appropriate to make a release.
The decision to halt development and transition to release mode
is driven by several factors.
decides that it is appropriate to make a release.
The decision to halt development and transition to release mode
is driven by several factors.
-The most important is that sufficient projects have been completed
+The most important is that enough projects have been completed
to make the system significantly superior to the previously released
version of the system.
For example,
to make the system significantly superior to the previously released
version of the system.
For example,
-.\" @(#)3.t 1.3 (Copyright 1989 M. K. McKusick) 89/02/23
+.\" @(#)3.t 1.4 (Copyright 1989 M. K. McKusick) 89/02/23
Alpha releases are normally available to only a few sites,
usually those working closely with
.SM CSRG .
Alpha releases are normally available to only a few sites,
usually those working closely with
.SM CSRG .
-A much larger number of sites are given beta releases,
+More sites are given beta releases,
as the system is closer to completion,
and needs wider testing to find more obscure problems.
as the system is closer to completion,
and needs wider testing to find more obscure problems.
-For example, \*(b3 alpha was distributed to approximately fifteen
+For example, \*(b3 alpha was distributed to about fifteen
sites, while \*(b3 beta ran at more than a hundred.
.NH 2
The Alpha Distribution
sites, while \*(b3 beta ran at more than a hundred.
.NH 2
The Alpha Distribution
.PN patch
program had originated outside Berkeley,
.SM CSRG
.PN patch
program had originated outside Berkeley,
.SM CSRG
-had to coordinate the efforts of the respective authors in order
+had to coordinate the efforts of the respective authors
to make the programs work together harmoniously.
.PP
Once the sources have stabilized,
an attempt is made to build the entire source tree.
to make the programs work together harmoniously.
.PP
Once the sources have stabilized,
an attempt is made to build the entire source tree.
-Often this exposes errors due to changed header files,
+Often this exposes errors caused by changed header files,
or use of obsoleted C library interfaces.
If the incompatibilities affect too many programs,
or require excessive amounts of change in the programs
or use of obsoleted C library interfaces.
If the incompatibilities affect too many programs,
or require excessive amounts of change in the programs
Thus, users upgrading to the new system can anticipate problems
in their own software that will require change.
.PP
Thus, users upgrading to the new system can anticipate problems
in their own software that will require change.
.PP
-Once the source tree completely compiles,
+Once the source tree compiles completely,
it is installed and becomes the running system that
.SM CSRG
uses on its main development machine.
Once in day-to-day use,
it is installed and becomes the running system that
.SM CSRG
uses on its main development machine.
Once in day-to-day use,
-other interoperability problems are made apparent
+other interoperability problems become apparent
and are resolved.
When all known problems have been resolved, and the system has been
stable for some period of time, an alpha distribution tape is made
and are resolved.
When all known problems have been resolved, and the system has been
stable for some period of time, an alpha distribution tape is made
.NH 2
The Beta Distribution
.PP
.NH 2
The Beta Distribution
.PP
-After the alpha tape is created
+After the alpha tape is created,
the distribution filesystem is mounted read-only.
Further changes are requested in a change log rather than
being made directly to the distribution.
the distribution filesystem is mounted read-only.
Further changes are requested in a change log rather than
being made directly to the distribution.
During this review, the need for other documents becomes evident.
For example, it was
during this phase of \*(b3 that it was decided
During this review, the need for other documents becomes evident.
For example, it was
during this phase of \*(b3 that it was decided
-to have a tutorial document on how to use the socket
+to add a tutorial document on how to use the socket
interprocess communication primitives.
.PP
Another task during this period is to contact the people that
interprocess communication primitives.
.PP
Another task during this period is to contact the people that
for the change.
If the log does not resolve the problem,
the person responsible for the change is asked for an explanation
for the change.
If the log does not resolve the problem,
the person responsible for the change is asked for an explanation
-what they were trying to accomplish.
+of what they were trying to accomplish.
If the reason is not compelling,
the change is backed out.
Facilities deemed inappropriate in \*(b3 included new options to
If the reason is not compelling,
the change is backed out.
Facilities deemed inappropriate in \*(b3 included new options to
A user can look up any command by name and see immediately
what has changed,
and a developer can similarly look up any kernel
A user can look up any command by name and see immediately
what has changed,
and a developer can similarly look up any kernel
-file by name and get a summary of that file's changes.
+file by name and get a summary of the changes to that file.
.PP
Having completed the review of the entire system,
the preparation of the beta distribution is started.
.PP
Having completed the review of the entire system,
the preparation of the beta distribution is started.
.NH 2
The Final Distribution
.PP
.NH 2
The Final Distribution
.PP
-The beta distribution goes to a larger set of sites than the
+The beta distribution goes to more sites than the
alpha distribution for three main reasons.
First, as it is closer to the final release, more sites are willing
to run it in a production environment without fear of catastrophic failures.
alpha distribution for three main reasons.
First, as it is closer to the final release, more sites are willing
to run it in a production environment without fear of catastrophic failures.
upcoming changes in preparation for merging them into their
own systems.
Finally, because the beta tape has fewer problems,
upcoming changes in preparation for merging them into their
own systems.
Finally, because the beta tape has fewer problems,
-it is beneficial to offer it to a larger number of systems in hopes of
+it is beneficial to offer it to more sites in hopes of
finding as many of the remaining problems as possible.
Also, by handing the system out to less sophisticated sites,
issues that would be ignored by the users of the alpha sites
finding as many of the remaining problems as possible.
Also, by handing the system out to less sophisticated sites,
issues that would be ignored by the users of the alpha sites
-will be brought to our attention.
.PP
The anticipation is that the beta tape will not require
extensive changes to either the programs or the documentation.
.PP
The anticipation is that the beta tape will not require
extensive changes to either the programs or the documentation.
projects / unix-history / commitdiff